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Numina sortitique vices, una undique circum
Fundimur, et telo lumen terebramus acuto,
Ingens, quod torva solum sub fronte latebat,
Argolici clipei aut Phoebeae lampadis instar,
Et tandem laeti sociorum ulciscimur umbras.
Sed fugite, o miseri, fugite, atque ab litore funem
Rumpite.

635

640

645

650

Nam qualis quantusque cavo Polyphemus in antro
Lanigeras claudit pecudes atque ubera pressat,
Centum alii curva haec habitant ad litora vulgo
Infandi Cyclopes, et altis montibus errant.
Tertia jam Lunae se cornua lumine complent,
Cum vitam in silvis inter deserta ferarum
Lustra domosque traho, vastosque ab rupe Cyclopas
Prospicio, sonitumque pedum vocemque tremisco.
Victum infelicem, baccas lapidosaque corna,
Dant rami, et volsis pascunt radicibus herbae.
Omnia collustrans, hanc primum ad litora classem
Conspexi venientem. Huic me, quaecumque fuisset,
Addixi: satis est gentem effugisse nefandam.
Vos animam hanc potius quocumque absumite leto."
'Vix ea fatus erat, summo cum monte videmus
Ipsum inter pecudes vasta se mole moventem
Pastorem Polyphemum et litora nota petentem,
Monstrum horrendum, informe, ingens, cui lumen
ademptum.

Trunca manu pinus regit, et vestigia firmat;
Lanigerae comitantur oves; ea sola voluptas
Solamenque mali.

Postquam altos tetigit fluctus et ad aequora venit,
Luminis effossi fluidum lavit inde cruorem,

655

660

634. Sortiti vices, in this perilous adventure, the followers of Ulysses settled by lot which part each should act.-635. The telum was, according to Homer, a tree pointed and hardened in the fire. (Lumen); See ii. 173.-637. The clipeus Argolicus was round. Compare, with this passage, and with 645 (cornua complent), "The moon that rose last night, round as my shield, had not yet filled her horns.'-Home's Douglas.-639. The elisions and hexameters of this line mark the impatience of despair.-643. Vulgo, everywhere around.-645. Tertia, &c. Three months had elapsed. See 637.-648. Tremisco poetically governs the accusative. See xi. 403.-654. Potius, in preference to the horrid fate that awaited him in the hands of Polyphemus.-658. This line, with its spondees and elisions, visibly represents the crashing movement of the giant.

Dentibus infrendens gemitu, graditurque per aequor
Jam medium, necdum fluctus latera ardua tinxit.
Nos procul inde fugam trepidi celerare, recepto
Supplice sic merito, tacitique incidere funem;
Verrimus et proni certantibus aequora remis.
Sensit, et ad sonitum vocis vestigia torsit.
Verum ubi nulla datur dextra adfectare potestas
Nec potis Ionios fluctus aequare sequendo,
Clamorem inmensum tollit, quo pontus et omnes
Contremuere undae, penitusque exterrita tellus
Italiae, curvisque immugiit Aetna cavernis.
At genus e silvis Cyclopum et montibus altis
Excitum ruit ad portus et litora complent.
Cernimus adstantis nequidquam lumine torvo
Aetnaeos fratres, coelo capita alta ferentis,
Concilium horrendum: quales cum vertice celso
Aëriae quercus, aut coniferae cyparissi

665

670

675

680

Constiterunt, silva alta Jovis, lucusve Dianae.

Praecipitis metus acer agit quocumque rudentis

Excutere, et ventis intendere vela secundis.

Contra jussa monent Heleni, Scyllam atque Charybdim

Inter, utramque viam leti discrimine parvo,

685

Ni teneant cursus; certum est dare lintea retro.

Ecce autem Boreas angusta ab sede Pelori

Missus adest. Vivo praetervehor ostia saxo

Pantagiae Megarosque sinus Thapsumque jacentem.
Talia monstrabat relegens errata retrorsus

690

669. Vocis. The cry of the rowers.-671. The motion of the waves bore Aeneas away with a rapidity too great for him to overtake them. -676. Ruit et complent. See Zumpt, § 366. Perhaps the notion is, 'as one body they rush, but in scattered groups they fill.'-681. Constitěrunt. Quercus referring to silva Jovis, cyparissi to lucusve Dianae, who must here be identified, as often, with Hecate.-684-686. A difficult passage, and one that has given much trouble to the commentators. According to the punctuation adopted, the meaning will be, 'On the other hand, the instructions of Helenus (410, &c.) warn us, that unless they (the ships, or rather the sails, vela) keep their way right between Scylla and Charybdis, both courses expose to almost inevitable destruction: (yet, so great is our fear of Polyphemus,) we determine to sail back.'-687. Autem. They were delivered from their danger in sailing northwards, by the rising of the north wind.-690. Errata, poetically employed in this sense, the verb being intransitive. Ulysses, and of course Achemenides, had sailed from the coast of Africa previously to the adventure with the Cyclopes.

Litora Achemenides, comes infelicis Ulixi.

'Sicanio praetenta sinu jacet insula contra
Plemmyrium undosum: nomen dixere priores
Ortygiam. Alpheum fama est huc Elidis amnem
Occultas egisse vias subter mare; qui nunc
Ore, Arethusa, tuo Siculis confunditur undis.
Jussi numina magna loci veneramur; et inde
Exsupero praepingue solum stagnantis Helori.
Hinc altas cautes projectaque saxa Pachyni
Radimus, et fatis numquam concessa moveri
Adparet Camarina procul campique Geloi,
Immanisque Gela fluvii cognomine dicta.
Arduus inde Acragas ostentat maxima longe

695

700

Moenia, magnanimum quondam generator equorum;
Teque datis linquo ventis, palmosa Selinus,

705

Et vada dura lego saxis Lilybeïa caecis.
Hinc Drepani me portus et inlaetabilis ora
Accipit. Hic, pelagi tot tempestatibus actus,
Heu genitorem, omnis curae casusque levamen,
Amitto Anchisen. Hic me, pater optime, fessum
Deseris, heu, tantis nequidquam erepte periclis!
Nec vates Helenus, cum multa horrenda moneret,
Hos mihi praedixit luctus, non dira Celaeno.
Hic labor extremus, longarum haec meta viarum.
Hinc me digressum vestris deus adpulit oris.'

Sic pater Aeneas, intentis omnibus, unus
Fata renarrabat divom, cursusque docebat.
Conticuit tandem, factoque hic fine quievit.

710

715

697. Jussi. By whom? Perhaps by Anchises, or it may be in compliance with the instructions of Helenus, as generally applicable.-702. Gela. Immanis is probably an epithet of fluvii, as a destructive river. -711. Nequidquam; since, after all, he had not reached Italy.-716. Intentis, bringing back the mind to ii. 1, ' Intentique ora tenebant."

LIBER IV.

DIDO loves Aeneas, 1-5. She reveals her love to her sister Anna, 6-30. Anna encourages her to marry him, 31-55. They offer sacrifices, in order to propitiate the gods, 56-67. Progress of Dido's love, 68-89. Juno, alarmed, proposes to Venus the marriage of Aeneas and Dido, with the junction of the two nations; to which Venus seemingly assents, 90-128. The Carthaginians and Trojans go forth to hunt, 129159. In a storm, raised by Juno, Aeneas and Dido, separated from their companions, are married, 160-172. Fame (who is described) bears the tidings through Libya, 173-197. This irritates king Iarbas, a rejected suitor of Dido's, who prays to his father Jupiter, 198-218. Jupiter sends Mercury to hasten the voyage of Aeneas to Italy, 219237. Flight of Mercury, 238-258. Mercury's message to Aeneas, 259278. Aeneas, whose leading characteristic is obedience to the will of Heaven (pius), prepares for his departure, attempting to conceal his plans from Dido, 279-295. The queen divines his intentions, and upbraids him, 296-330. His reply, 331-361. Dido's resentment and grief, 362-392. Aeneas, sorrowful, persists in his preparations, 393407. Anna, at Dido's request, interposes, but in vain, 408-449. Dido is appalled by frightful omens, and prepares for death, but concealing her design from her sister, pretends that she is making preparations to win back Aeneas by magical rites, 450-552. Aeneas, warned by Mercury, in a vision, to depart on the instant, sets sail, 553-582. The queen sees his fleet departing, and stabs herself, 583-665. The general consternation, and Anna's despair, 666-687. Agonies of Dido, till Iris, by Juno's command, interposes to release her by death, 688-705.

Ar regina gravi jamdudum saucia cura
Vulnus alit venis, et caeco carpitur igni.
Multa viri virtus animo, multusque recursat
Gentis honos; haerent infixi pectore vultus
Verbaque, nec placidam membris dat cura quietem.
Postera Phoebea lustrabat lampade terras
Humentemque Aurora polo dimoverat umbram,
Cum sic unanimam alloquitur male sana sororem :

5

1. At seems to connect this book with the preceding narrative. Aeneas had concluded his tale, but long before he was done, the queen was smitten with the pains of love.-2. Carpo, the primitive notion of which involves separation into fragments, infers a gradual process.— 6, 7. Lustrabat, dimoverat. Aurora had dispelled previously, and was lighting up.-8. Male sana, insana. See at ii. 735.

10

15

'Anna soror, quae me suspensam insomnia terrent!
Quis novus hic nostris successit sedibus hospes !
Quem sese ore ferens! quam forti pectore et armis !
Credo equidem, nec vana fides, genus esse deorum.
Degeneres animos timor arguit. Heu, quibus ille
Jactatus fatis! quae bella exhausta canebat!
Si mihi non animo fixum immotumque sederet,
Ne cui me vinclo vellem sociare jugali,
Postquam primus amor deceptam morte fefellit;
Si non pertaesum thalami taedaeque fuisset,
Huic uni forsan potui succumbere culpae.
Anna-fatebor enim-miseri post fata Sychaei
Conjugis et sparsos fraterna caede Penatis,
Solus hic inflexit sensus, animumque labantem
Impulit. Agnosco veteris vestigia flammae.
Sed mihi vel tellus optem prius ima dehiscat,
Vel Pater omnipotens adigat me fulmine ad umbras, 25
Pallentis umbras Erebi noctemque profundam,
Ante, Pudor, quam te violo, aut tua jura resolvo.
Ille meos, primus qui me sibi junxit, amores
Abstulit; ille habeat secum servetque sepulchro.'
Sic effata sinum lacrimis implevit obortis.

Anna refert: 'O luce magis dilecta sorori,
Solane perpetua moerens carpere juventa,
Nec dulcis natos, Veneris nec praemia noris?
Id cinerem aut Manis credis curare sepultos?
Esto: aegram nulli quondam flexere mariti,
Non Libyae, non ante Tyro; despectus Iarbas
Ductoresque alii, quos Africa terra triumphis

30

20

30

35

11. Ferre sese refers to the general deportment. See a similar expression, i. 503.-12. Genus, prolem.-15. Sederet. This term indicates the unalterableness of her resolution. See Zumpt, § 524.-17. Fefellit. This clause is no part of her resolution, otherwise we should have fefellisset. It is narrative merely, and had better be taken in after si.-19. Potui. Strongly put instead of possem. See ii. 55.-20. Sychaei. See i. 343-352. -24. Prius. An apparent pleonasm, with antequam, 27. But prius may have a general reference, antequam a more precise reference to what follows. Dehiscat.-28. Ille-primus. The Roman feeling was strongly against the marriages of widows.-31. Dilecta sorori, for a sorore. See Zumpt, § 419.-35. Granted (esto) that you have rightfully indulged your wounded feelings (aegram) in rejecting so many suitors, why resist a passion fondly cherished? Mariti. See Ecl. viii. 18.-36. Libyae, in prose would be, in Libya. See 320, and iii. 162. Iarbas. See 196, &c. 37. Virgil's expressions refer constantly to Roman usages (see i. 73),

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