Page images
PDF
EPUB

sult is d times too small, and consequently must be multiplied by d; thus,

[subsumed][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small]

a d

[merged small][merged small][ocr errors]

a

x d =

b c

+

x + y

[blocks in formation]

+

[blocks in formation]
[ocr errors]
[ocr errors][merged small][merged small]

1

رع

1

x +

y

(x + y)2

x + y

[merged small][merged small][ocr errors]

y(x + y)

y(x-y)

y(y + y)2 x(x+y) x(x + y)2

= x2(x + y) + x2(x − y) — y2(x + y) — y2(x—y), brought to a common denominator.

[blocks in formation]

1. "Find the value of x in each of these equations."

[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small]
[blocks in formation]

See Appendix, Algebra.

2. (1) "What number is that, the double of which exceeds its half by 6?"

(2) "The difference of two numbers, and a quarter part of their sum are each equal to 2; find the numbers."

(1) Let

the number

Then 2 x its double

[ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

Then x

2= the less

Now the difference of these numbers is equal to the fourth part of their sum.

[blocks in formation]

x+(x-2)

4

[blocks in formation]

And x

2x=10

.. x = 5, the greater

--

23, the less.

3. (1) "If A does a piece of work in 10 days, which A and B can do in 7 days, working together; how long would B take to do it alone?"

(2) "Find the amount of £P. at compound interest for n years, the interest being payable yearly." (1) Let x the number of days in which B can complete the work by himself,

1

Then the part B would do in 1 day.

Now A does it in 10 days

[blocks in formation]

The part done in 1 day by A and B working to

1

1

gether would be, +
10 х

But they can together

therefore they can do

1 Hence, + 10

(2) Let r

1

complete it in 7 days; and

per day.

1

1

=

[ocr errors]

7

[merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small]

10 x
.. x

[ocr errors]

23 days.

the interest of £1 for a year; the amount of £1 for a year will then be 1 + r.

To find the amount of succeeding years, we have the following proportions: as the principal of the first year is to the principal of any succeeding year, so is the amount of the first year to the amount of that succeeding year, Thus—

1:1+r::1+r : (1+r)2 = the amount of 2nd year 1:(1+r): 1+r: (1+r)3=

1:

[merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors]

(1+r)-1::(1+r):(1+r)"=

[merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small]

(1+r)" being the amount of £1 for n years, the amount of £P will be P. (1 + r)”.

See Appendix, Algebra.

30

GEOMETRY.

SECTION I.

1. Define a plane superficies, and a circle. 2. Draw a straight line perpendicular to a given straight line from a given point in it.

3. The angles at the base of an isosceles triangle are equal to each other, and if the equal sides be produced the angles on the other side of the base shall be equal.

SECTION II.

1. Prove that the sum of the three angles of a triangle

equals two right angles. Given the value of two angles of a triangle, how is the value of the third ascertained?

2. Prove that parallelograms on the same base and between the same parallels are equal to one another. 3. In any right angled-triangle, the square which is described upon the side subtending the right angle is equal to the squares described upon the sides containing the right angle.

SECTION III.

1. If a straight line be divided into two equal parts, and also into two unequal parts, the rectangle contained by the unequal parts together with the square of the line between the points of section is equal to the square of half the line.

2. In any triangle the square of the side subtending any acute angle is less than the squares of the sides containing that angle by twice the rectangle

contained by either of these sides, and the straight line intercepted between the perpendicular let fall upon it from the opposite angle and the acute angle;-prove only the first case of this proposition.

SECTION IV.

1. Construct a triangle whose area shall be equal to that of a given trapezium.

2. Show how to make a square double a given square. 3. Show that the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.

N.B.-As it may fairly be assumed that every schoolmaster is possessed of a copy of Euclid's Elements; and as the following questions may be answered in the very words of Euclid; it will scarcely be necessary to give other solutions than direct reference to the particular proposition, the knowledge of which is presupposed in the questions. Schoolmasters will find the recently published "Geometry and Mensuration," by Mr. Tate, a most valuable auxiliary in acquiring a rapid knowledge of the essentials of the science. It may be briefly characterised as Euclid divested of undue technicalities and redundancy. A regard to economy in publication requires the use of as few diagrams as possible; hence the reason of aiming to dispense with them, as in this paper.

1. 66

SECTION I.

Define a plane (1) superficies, and (2) a circle.” (1) A plane superficies is a surface, any two points of which being joined the straight line between them will be wholly within the superficies.

« PreviousContinue »