by Marmaduke Raudon Eboriensis 1662

Hodsden '. All

the material of the Crashaw selections is to be found in the text of Carmen Deo Nostro (1652), to which few variants are presented; it seems likely that these are due to another hand than Crashaw's and that the MS. is derived from the printed book and not from another MS. Indeed this is almost certain from its inclusion of the Latin verses ('Sum pulcher' etc.) attached to one of the engravings printed in 1652, probably not by Crashaw at all. The extracts begin at fo. 7 verso, with the general heading 'Out of Crashawes Poemes' and then 'The office of the Holy Crosse' (see p. 263, below). This is followed by twelve of the poems.

Designated' AI' in the foot-notes.

22. Bodleian MS. 31037 (Eng. misc. e. 13, known as 'Dr. Lynnet's Commonplace Book ').

Size 7 × 51 in. 31 leaves.

This contains only 'To ye reader on Lessius hygiasticon (see pp. 156 and 342, below), probably derived from either the 1634 or the 1636 edition of that work.

23. British Museum Add. MS. 11258. Size 7 × 6 in. 41 leaves.

This is a collection chiefly of late seventeenth- and also of eighteenth-century extracts; and it contains, of Crashaw's, only the version of Martial's epigram Four Teeth thou had'st that rank'd in goodly State' (p. 188, below).

24. A MS. formerly in the possession of the late Mr. Bertram Dobell, of which the present whereabouts are unknown. It contains 'The Weeper', part of the 'Hymn in honour of S. Teresa' and the epigram 'On the B. Virgins bashfullnesse'. It was lent to Mr. G. Thorn Drury, who noted the variants recorded in the present edition. See pp. 89, 309 sqq., and 319, below.

Designated Dobell' in the foot-notes.

C. MODERN EDITIONS

The modern editing of Crashaw's works may be said to date from the year 1785, with the publication of:

Poetry By Richard Crashaw. With Some Account of the Author; and an Introductory Address to the Reader, By Peregrine Phillips.

This is a small volume (5 ×3 in., pp. xxiv, 158) containing a selection clearly derived from the reprint published in 1670 (No. 7 above), without reference to the other original editions or to any MSS.

Two years later Headley's Select Beauties of Ancient English Poetry (1787), vol. i, pp. 49 sqq., included 'The Alarm of SATAN, with the Instigation of HEROD', being stanzas 5-66 of 'Sospetto d'Herode'. This is followed by the note ' Translated from Marino, by R. Crashaw, Edit. 1670'.

The first edition to claim completeness was that included in Anderson's A Complete Edition of the Poets of Great Britain... London. (The second title-page gives place and date: Edinburgh... Anno 1793.) Poems by Crashaw are given in vol. iv (pp. 707-54) and it is stated in the introductory notice that 'His whole works, reprinted from the edition in 1648, are now, for the first time, received into a collection of classical English poetry'. The bibliographical notes show that the editor had seen neither the volume of 1646 nor that of 1652 (Nos. 2 and 5, above), but since he quotes ll. 93-108 of The Flaming Heart' (see p. 326, below) he presumably had seen a copy of the 1670 edition (No. 7, above). A few Latin epigrams are included, doubtless from the volume of 1634 or from that of 1670 (Nos. 1 and 6, above). No other sources seem to have been utilized and the edition is of no great interest. The claim of completeness is not justified, even for the edition of 1648, and the original order of the poems in that volume is abandoned.

The next edition was that contained in vol. vi of Chalmers's The Works of the English Poets . . . in twenty-one volumes . . . London... 1810. In this again the text appears to be based on the edition of 1648, and the editor has the distinction of being the first to fill up the blank in stanza 51, 1. 1 of 'Sospetto d'Herode'. The reading' proud usurping Herod', for which

there is no other authority and which is clearly the result of a guess, persisted in the two editions of 'Sospetto d'Herode ' which came next, and which are no doubt based entirely on Chalmers's text. These are: (1) in The Works of the British Poets. With Lives of the Authors by Ezekiel Sanford . . : Philadelphia. . . 1819. 'Sospetto d'Herode ' occupies pp. 191-212 of vol. i and is the only poem by Crashaw represented. (2) The Suspicion of Herod, Being The First Book of The Murder of the Innocents. Translated from the Italian By Richard Crashaw ... Printed by Bournes Jun., Brothers, Church Street, Kensington. MDCCCXXXIV.

A good number of years now elapsed before the next edition : The Poetical Works of Richard Crashaw and Quarles' Emblems. With Memoirs and Critical Dissertations, by the Rev. George Gilfillan... Edinburgh... M.DCCC.LVII. This was issued again in Cassell's Library Edition of British Poets (n. d.). It appears to be based, independently of earlier modern reprints, only upon the edition of 1670 (No. 7, above).

Since then, (to take no further account of selections) there have been three editions aiming at and claiming completeness, including the poems in Latin. These are:

(1) The Complete Works of Richard Crashaw, Canon of Loretto. Edited by William B. Turnbull, Esq. . . . London.. 1858.

In the preface to this volume it is stated that ' In preparing the present edition, the first that contains the whole of Crashaw's writings known, I have carefully examined and collated all the earlier ones'. It must be admitted, however, that there is no very great evidence of this process, and far too much reliance seems to be placed on the reprint of 1670 (No. 7, above). Turnbull's edition is of little value now that so many poems by Crashaw have been rescued from MSS., of which Turnbull takes no notice. It is also very careless. Many of the numerous misprints in the text are recorded with savage triumph by Grosart, though Grosart had much less ground for self-satisfaction than this action implied.

(2) The Complete Works of Richard Crashaw. For the first time collected and collated with the original and early editions, and much enlarged... Edited by the Rev. Alexander B. Grosart... Printed for Private Circulation. 1872.

The chief merits of this edition are its inclusion of a freshly compiled biography, with many new facts, and of numerous poems derived from MSS. and not printed before; its use of MSS. to correct mistakes in the original texts, and its great advance upon previous reprints in bibliographical investigation and description. Grosart not only states but shows that he has seen all the original editions, and he succeeded in tracking down the poems which had been published before they were collected in 1646. Unfortunately, having secured his material he proceeded in his own edition to shuffle it confusingly together, arranging the poems in a way that makes it difficult to see at once from what original volumes they are taken; and the text itself has but little consistency of plan, no effort being made to show the evolution of the poems existing in more than one form. Perhaps the limits of Grosart's want of judgement in this respect are reached where he cheerfully mixes the two versions of The Weeper', incorporating in the revised version of 1648 and 1652 the stanzas which are peculiar to the text of 1646. The apparatus is very incomplete, and the volumes as a whole carry many marks of the carelessness and haste with which they must have been compiled. It was typical of Grosart that having discovered Add. MS. 33219, he hailed as hitherto unprinted and unknown' two poems which he prints himself elsewhere in his own edition from the original printed texts.

It seems fair to say of this edition that it is as good and as bad as Grosart's editions were wont to be; it did some useful work in its own time and still retains a little value. But it falls very far below the standards of conscientious modern editing.

(3) Richard Crashaw Steps to the Temple Delights of the Muses and other Poems The text edited by A. R. Waller . . Cambridge at the University Press 1904.

This edition, which has the great merit that it follows a consistent though hardly a perfect plan, and which considered as a mere reprint is more reliable than any of its predecessors, is yet marred by too many signs of hasty editing to be thoroughly serviceable. In the preface it is stated that 'The text of 1648 has been followed but only those poems have been printed which were not revised at a later date for the

volume entitled Carmen Deo Nostro, 1652 . . . The text of the first edition . . . 1646, has been collated with that of 1648, and both texts with that of Carmen Deo Nostro, and the verbal alterations, omissions and additions in these three texts will be found in the Appendix, this course being deemed more satisfactory than to form an eclectic text by guesswork'.

Were it possible to be content with a single text of the more extensively revised poems, there might be little to object to in the method proposed here, provided: (1) that all the obvious misprints in the original texts are corrected and no fresh ones introduced; (2) that the variants are not only recorded but adopted where they are necessary to the sense; and (3) that the variants are recorded fully, clearly, and conveniently. In all these respects, however, Waller's edition fails, sometimes seriously-the absence of numbered lines, in particular, combined with the dismissal of the apparatus to the Appendix, causing much difficulty. And then, as already maintained, the static presentation of a changing text like Crashaw's cannot be satisfactory. The different phases must be shown in their proper order and contexts; and any edition that merges in an Appendix of critical notes a fine poem like the second version of the appeal to the Countess of Denbigh (see p. 348, below) can hardly be said to treat its material with fairness and respect. The bibliographical note prefixed to this volume is not adequate to the material.