whence it lies half a league, and contains 100 families of Indians, who cut wood to be carried to Mexico in large canoes by the lake.

TEQUISQUIPA, S. MARTIN DE, a settlement of the alcaldía mayor and real of mines of Temascaltepec in Nueva España. It contains 27 families of Indians dedicated to the cultivation of seeds, and is three leagues w. of its capital.

TEQUISQUITENGO, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of Xoxutla and alcaldía mayor of Cuernavaca in Nueva España. TEQUISTLAHUACA, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of S. Luis de la Costa and alcaldía mayor of Tlapa in Nueva España. It is of a hot temperature, contains 74 families of Indians, and is five leagues from its head settlement.

TEQUIZIAPAN, S. MIGUEL DE, a settlement of the alcaldía mayor of Tixtlán in Nueva España; situate on the shore of the river of Las Balsas; containing 82 families of Indians. Three leagues from the settlement of Ozamatlan. TERABLE, S. RAFAEL DE, a fort of the province and kingdom of Tierra Firme; built in an advantageous spot, on a strip of land running into the river Bayano, and which forms, with another small river, a peninsula. It is useful for restraining the incursions of the infidel Indians of Darien, and was built by the president, Don Dionisio de Alcedo, in 1745. In it there is a detachment of troops from the city of Panamá, the capital of the kingdom, [and from hence it lies 29 miles to the e. with a slight inclination to the n.]

TERAMA, ALTA, a settlement of the jurisdiction of the city of La Palma and corregimiento of Tunja in Nuevo Reyno de Granada; situate in a rough, mountainous, and swampy country. It is of a moderately hot temperature, and greatly abounding in sugar-canes, cotton, maize, yucas, and plantains; has many mills and looms, in which they manufacture much sugar and linens, with which the natives carry on a good trade.

The inhabitants amount to 600 housekeepers; the greater part of them the richest of any people in this jurisdiction; but they are troubled with a variety of venomous insects, with which the climate abounds.

TERAMA, another settlement of the same jurisdiction, with the addition of Baxa, to distinguish it: annexed to the curacy of the settlement of Minipi, and situate also in a rough, mountainous, and very swampy country, but of a good temperature, and abounding in tobacco,

cotton, sugar-cane, maize, yucas, plantains, and other fruits of a warm climate. It has large breeds of swine, the chief traffic of the inhabitants; and these amount to 350, with some few Indians.

TERCERO, a river of the province and government of Tucumán in Peru; it rises in the serranias to the s. w. of the city of Córdoba, called mountains of Achala; runs e. collecting the waters of a smaller river, called Saladillo. On its shores are many estates of cattle, which are frequently attacked and plundered by the Abipones and Guaicurus Indians.

Whenever this river is high, its pass is difficult, though the Indians of the district are very dextrous in crossing it in a cow-skin, as in a basket, drawn by two horses. [It enters the river Parana just above the town of Rosario, and 73 miles s. of the city of Santa Fé.]

TEREMENDŎ, a jurisdiction and alcaldia mayor of the province and bishopric of Mechoacán in Nueva España. It is much reduced and profitless, not being able to support its corregidor; and it is thus looked upon as united to the jurisdiction of Xocona. It is of a cold temperature, and produces nothing but what is just necessary to support its scanty population.

It consists only of a capital of its name, with 90 families of Indians, and of the settlement of Jaso, very close to it, and of six or eight Spanish families, who live in some ranchos and cow-sheds of its district. At a little distance is a mountain thickly covered with trees and shrubs, in which have been discovered mines of silver of excellent quality; and in 1712, there was found in a deep glen a very capacious mouth, or entrance of a certain cave, but which the Spaniards were afraid of entering from the idea that it was inhabited by wild beasts. They accordingly let off at its mouth different fireworks, which caused several foxes, and screech owls, and crows, to issue from it; and then entering it with lighted torches, they dicovered some prodigious apartments or vaults, which had belonged to the Indians in their gentilism, and which were supported by very strong walls.

In the middle of the second of these vaults was found a bank in the shape of an altar, on which were a certain number of idols and newlymade offerings, such as of copal or incense, and of woollen yarn, as also various figures of men and animals. On examination of the manner in which this cave was built, it was found that the stones were of a nature very easy to be wrought, and that the angles between the tops on the out

side of the several vaults had been so connected together, and rendered one plain superficies by means of burning wood upon them; that they had, through course of time, become a plain covered with thick trees. This settlement is eight leagues from the capital Valladolid, to w. s. w. TERESA, S. a settlement of the missions which were held by the Jesuits in the province of Nayarith and kingdom of Nueva Galicia: 12 leagues n. of the settlement of La Mesa.

TERESA, S. another, with the addition of Los Salivas, of the missions held by the same missionaries in the river Orinoco; four leagues from the torrent of Carichana, at the mouth of the river Meta. Its natives are docile, well inclined, and some of the best of any in those regions.

TERESA, S. another, of the missions which were held by the Jesuits in the province and government of Mainas and kingdom of Quito; on the shore of the river Aguarico.

TERESA, S. another, of the province and government of Maracaibo in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada; on the shore of the river Chama, and s. of the city of Mérda, at four leagues dis

tance.

[TERESA, S. a fort of the province and government of Buenos Ayres; situate near the seacoast, about 80 miles n. e. of Maldonado. Lat. 33° 58′ 5′′ s. Long. 53° 34′ 15′′ w.]

TERESEN, a settlement of the province and government of Cumaná, situate in the serranía : one of the missions held there by the Aragonese Capuchins; on the shore of the river Aren.

TERMINOS, LAGUNA DE, a lake in the province and government of Yucatán; thus named by the pilot Antonio de Alaminos; who discovered it on his voyage made with Captain Juan de Grijalva in 1518. Its mouth is a secure port, and has saved many vessels from being wrecked. A great number of altars and idols, and also much game, are found upon its shores.

TERNERA, a settlement of the province and government of Cartagena in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada: one of the new towns formed by Don Francisco Pimienta, being governor in 1776, by the union of several small settlements: two leagues n. of its capital.

[TERRA BLANCA, a town of Mexico. See ANGELOS.]

[TERRA DE LATRATON, that is, the Ploughman, or Labourer's Land, the name given by the Spaniards to Labrador or Britain, inhabited by the Esquimaux.]

[TERRA DEL FUEGO Island. See FUEGO.] ĮTERRA FIRMA, or CASTILE DEL ORO, the

most n. province of S. America. See TIERRA FIRME.] See PATA

[TERRA MAGELLANICA.

GONIA.]

[TERRA NIEVA, near Hudson's Straits, is in lat. 62° 4' n. and long. 67° w.; high water, at full and change, a little before 10 o'clock.] TERRANOVA. See NEWFOUNDLAND. TERRENAFE, a large and populous settlement in the province and corregimiento of Saña and kingdom of Peru.

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[TERRITORY N.W.OF THE OHIO, or N.W. TERRITORY, a large part of the United States, is situated between lat. 37° and 50° n. and between long. 81° 8′ and 98° 8' w. Its greatest length is about 900 miles, and its breadth 700. This extensive tract of country is bounded n. bý part of the n. boundary line of the United States; e. by the lakes and Pennsylvania; s. by the Ohio River; w. by the Mississippi. Mr. Hutchins, the late geographer of the United States, estimates that this tract contains 263,040,000 acres, of which 43,040,000 are water; this deducted, there will remain 220,000,000 of acres, belonging to the Federal Government, to be sold for the discharge of the national debt; except a narrow strip of land bordering on the s. of Lake Erie, and stretching 120 miles w. of the w. limit of Pennsylvania, which belongs to Connecticut. But a small portion of these lands is yet purchased of the natives, and to be disposed of by Congress. Beginning on the meridian line, which forms the w. boundary of Pennsylvania, seven ranges of townships have been surveyed and laid off by order of Congress. As a n. and s. line strikes the Ohio in an oblique direction, the termination of the seventh range falls upon that river, nine miles above the Muskingum, which is the first large river that falls into the Ohio. It forms this junction 172 miles below Fort Pitt, including the windings of the Ohio, though, in a direct line, it is but 90 miles. That part of this territory in which the Indian title is extinguished, and which is settling under the government of the United States, is divided into five counties, as follows:

546

[age is 30 miles, and will probably be rendered much less by the execution of the plans now on foot for opening the navigation of those waters. 3. The Great Kanhaway, which falls into the Ohio from the Virginia shore, between the Hockhocking and the Scioto, opens an extensive navigation from the s. e. and leaves but 18 miles portage from the navigable waters of James's River in Virginia. This communication, for the country between Muskingum and Scioto, will probably be more used than any other for the exportation of manufactures, and other light and valuable articles, and especially for the importation of foreign commodities, which may be brought from the Chesapeak to the Ohio much cheaper than they are now carried from Philadelphia to Carlisle, and the other thick-settled back counties of Pennsylvania; though, indeed, a gentleman of much observation, and a great traveller in this country, is of opinion that this communication, or route, is chimerical. 4. But the current down the Ohio and the Mississippi, for heavy articles that suit the Florida and W. India markets, such as corn, flour, beef, lumber, &c. will be perhaps as frequently loaded as any stream on earth.

The distance from the Scioto to the Mississippi is 800 English miles; from thence to the sea is 900, including its meanders. This whole course is easily run in 15 days; and the passage up those rivers is not so difficult as has usually been represented. It is found, by late experiments, that sails are used to great advantage against the current of the Ohio; and it is worthy of observation, that in all probability steam boats will be found to do infinite service in all the extensive river navigation.

No country is better stocked with wild game of every kind. The rivers are well stored with fish of various kinds, and many of them are of an excellent quality. They are generally large, though of different sizes; the cat-fish, which is the largest, and of a delicious flavour, weighs from six to eighty pounds.

The number of old forts found in this w. country are the admiration of the curious, and a matter of much speculation. They are mostly of an oblong form, situated on strong wellchosen ground, and contiguous to water. When, by whom, and for what purpose, these were thrown up, is uncertain. They are undoubtedly very ancient, as there is not the least visible difference in the age or size of the timber growing on or within these forts, and that which grows without; and the oldest natives have lost

all tradition respecting them. There are posts established for the protection of the frontiers.

By an ordinance of Congress, passed on the 13th of July, 1787, this country, for the purposes of temporary government, was erected into one district, subject, however, to a division, when circumstances shall make it expedient. The ordinance of Congress, of July 13th, 1787, article 5th, provides, that there shall be formed in this territory, not less than three, nor more than five states; and the boundaries of the states shall become fixed and established as follows, viz. the w. state in the said territory shall be bounded on the Mississippi, the Ohio, and Wabash rivers; a direct line drawn from the Wabash and Post Vincents due n. to the territorial line between the United States and Canada, and by the said territorial line to the Lake of the Woods and Mississippi. The middle state shall be bounded by the said direct line, the Wabash from Post Vincents to the Ohio; by the Ohio by a direct line drawn due n. from the mouth of the Great Miami to the said territorial line, and by the said territorial line. The e. state shall be bounded by the last-mentioned direct line, the Ohio, Pennsylvania, and the said territorial line: -provided however, and it is further understood and declared, that the boundaries of these three states shall be subject so far to be altered, that if Congress hereafter shall find it expedient, they shall have authority to form one or two states, in that part of the said territory which lies n. of an e. and w. line drawn through the s. bend or extreme of Lake Michigan; and when any of the said states shall have 60,000 free inhabitants therein, such state shall be admitted by its delegates into the Congress of the United States, on an equal footing with the original states in all respects whatever; and shall be at liberty to form a permanent constitution and state government; provided the constitution and government so to be formed shall be republican, and in conformity to the principles contained in these articles; and so far as it can be consistent with the general interest of the confederacy, such admission shall be allowed at an earlier period, and when there may be a less number of free inhabitants in the state than 60,000.

The settlement of this country has been checked, for several years past, by the unhappy Indian war, an amicable termination of which took place on the 3d of August, 1795, when a treaty was formed at Grenville, between Majorgeneral Anthony Wayne, on the part of the United States, and the chiefs of the following]

tribes of Indians, viz. the Wyandots, Delawares, Shawanoes, Ottawas, Chippewas, Putawatimes, Miamis, Eel River, Weeas, Kickapoos, Pian Kashaws and Kaskaskias. By the third article of this treaty, the Indians cede to the United States, for a valuable consideration, all lands lying e. and s. of a line "beginning at the mouth of Cayahoga River, and running thence up the same to the portage between that and the Tuscarawas Branch of the Muskingum; thence down that branch to the crossing-place above Fort Lawrence; thence w. to fork of that branch of the great Miami River, running into the Ohio, where commences the portage between the Miami of the Ohio, and St. Mary's River, which is a branch of the Miami of the Lake; thence a w. course to Fort Recovery, which stands on a branch of the Wabash, then s. w. in a direct line to the Ohio, so as to intersect that river opposite the mouth of Kentucky or Catawa River." Sixteen tracts of land, of six and 12 miles square, interspersed at convenient distances in the Indian country, were, by the same treaty, ceded to the United States, for the convenience of keeping up a friendly and beneficial intercourse between the parties. The United States, on their part, "relinquish their claims to all other Indian lands n. of the river Ohio, e. of the Mississippi, and w. and s. of the Great Lakes and the waters uniting them, according to the boundary-line agreed on by the United States and the king of Great Britain, in the treaty of peace made between them in the 1783. year

But from this relinquishment, by the United States, the following tracts of land are explicitly excepted.-1st. The tract of 150,000 acres near the Rapids of the Ohio River, which has been assigned to General Clark, for the use of himself and his warriors. 2d. The post of St. Vincents on the river Wabash, and the lands adjacent; of which the Indian title has been extinguished. 3d. The land at all other places in possession of the French people and other white settlers among them, of which the Indian title has been extinguished, as mentioned in the third article; and, 4th. The post of Fort Massac, towards the mouth of the Ohio. To which several parcels of land so excepted, the said tribes relinquish all the title and claim which they or any of them may have." Goods to the value of 20,000 dollars were delivered the Indians at the time this treaty was made; and goods to the amount of 9500 dollars, at first cost in the United States, are to be delivered annually to the Indians at some convenient place n. of the Ohio.

A trade has been opened, since this treaty, by a law of Congress, with the fore-mentioned tribes of Indians, on a liberal footing, which promises to give permanency to this treaty, and security to the frontier inhabitants.]

TESALONS, Point of, in the channel or waste water of Lake Superior in Canada.

TESIA, a settlement of the province and government of Cinaloa in Nueva España, on the shore of the river Mayo, between the settlements of Canamoa and Nabajoa.

TESICO, or GUATI, a settlement of the province and government of Ostimuri in Nueva España.

TESISTEPEC, SAN MIGUEL DE, a settlement of the head settlement of the district and alcaldía mayor of Acayuca in Nueva España; of a hot and moist temperature. It produces maize, French-beans, fruit, and much thread of pita, which is the principal branch of its commerce; contains 63 families of Indians, and is three leagues from its capital.

TESISTLAN, a settlement of the head settlement of the district and alcaldía mayor of Zapopán in Nueva España; inhabited by some Mustees, Mulattoes, and Indians, who live by cultivating seeds.

TESORO, Island of, in the river Mississippi, near the coast of the province and government of Cartagena, and Nuevo Reyno de Granada; between that city and the island of Barú.

TESTES-BOWLES, a small river of Canada: which runs s. w. and enters the lake Superior by the e. part.

[TESTIGOS. Several islands near the coast of Cumana in Tierra Firme, on the s. coast of the Caribean Sea in the W. Indies, at the e. end of the island of Margarita. Lat. 11° 25' n. Long. 63° 10′ w.

TESTU, a small river of the island Guadalupe, which runs to s. e. and enters the sea in the bay of the Grand Cul de Sac.

TESUQUE, a settlement of the province and government of Nuevo Mexico; situate on the shore of the river Grande del Norte; between the settlements of Nambe and Santa Fé.

TETA, a settlement of the province and government of the Rio del Hacha, in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada.

TETECALA, S. FRANCISCO DE, a settlement of the head settlement of the district of Huitepec, and alcaldía mayor of Cuernavaca in Nueva España; situate half a league from the settlement of Mazatepec, in a plain; and is very pleasant