criminals by its tribunal, is the cause why there are more put to death here than in all the other parts of New England. The tribunal of the city celebrates its meetings on the last Wednesday of the months of June and November.

[Salem is now properly denominated the port of entry and post-town of Massachusetts, besides being the capital of Essex County. It lies four miles n. w. of Marblehead, and 15 n. by e. of Boston. It is the second town for size in the commonwealth, containing (in 1790) 928 houses and 7921 inhabitants, and, except Plymouth, the oldest; was settled in 1628, by Governor Endicot, and was called by the Indians, Naumkeag.

Here are a society of Quakers, an episcopal church, and five congregational societies. The town is situate on a peninsula, formed by two small inlets of the sea, called North and South Rivers. The former of these passes into Beverly Harbour, and has a drawbridge across it, built many years ago at private expense. At this place some part of the shipping of the town is fitted out; but the principal harbour and place for business is on the other side of the town, at South River, if that may properly be called a river which depends on the flowing of the sea for the water it contains. So shoal is this harbour, that vessels which draw more than 10 or 12 feet of water, must be laden and unladen at a distance from the wharfs by the assistance of lighters. Notwithstanding this inconvenience, more navigation is owned, and more trade carried on in Salem, than in any port in the commonwealth, Boston excepted.

The fishery, the trade to the West-Indics, to Europe, to the coast of Africa, to the East-Indies, and the freighting business from the S. States, are here all pursued with energy and spirit. A bank was established and incorporated here in 1792. The enterprise of the merchants of this place is equalled by nothing but their indefatigable industry and severe economy. This latter virtue forms a distinguishing feature in the character of the people of this town. Some persons of rank, in former times, having carried it to an unbecoming length, gave a character to the people in general, of a disgraceful parsimony. But whether this reproach was ever justly applied in so extensive a measure or not, nothing can be more injurious than to continue it at the present time; for it may justly be said of the inhabitants of Salem at this day, that, with a laudable attention to the acquisition of property, they exhibit a public

spirit and hospitality, alike honourable to thenselves and their country. A general plainness and neatness in dress, buildings and equipage, and a certain stillness and gravity of manner, perhaps in some degree peculiar to commercial people, distinguish them from the citizens of the metropolis.

A court-house, built in 1786, at the joint ex. pense of the county and town, forms a principal ornament, and is executed in a style of architecture that would add to the elegance of any city in the Union. The supreme judicial court holds a term here the second Tuesday of November, the courts of common pleas and sessions, the second Tuesday of March and September. A manufac tory of duck and sail-cloth was lately instituted here, and is prosecuted with much spirit. The melancholy delusion of 1692, respecting witchcraft, originated in this town, in the family of the Rev. Mr. Paris, the then minister, and here was the principal theatre of the bloody business. At the upper end of the town, at a place called, from the number of executions which took place there, Gallows Hill, the graves of the unhappy sufferers may yet be traced. Though this unfor tunate and disgraceful business was chiefly transacted here, it is well known that the leading people, both of church and state, in the colony, took an active part in it. Unjust therefore and highly absurd it is to fix a peculiar odium on the town of Salem for what was the general weakness or crime of the country.

The town of Salem is connected with Beverly by Essex Bridge, upwards of 1500 feet in length, erected 1789. It is high water here, at full and change, 30 minutes after 11 o'clock. The works for the the defence of the harbour consist of a fort and citadel. Lat. 42° 29′ n. long. 70° 51'w.] [SALEM Village. See DANVERS.]

[SALEM, a Moravian settlement in the N. W. Territory, situate on Muskingum River. It was forsaken in 1782, and plundered by the Indians, who were allies of the British army.]

[SALEM, a Moravian settlement in the N. W. Territory, situate on the n. e. branch of Monongahela River; two miles from Guadenhutten, on the opposite side of the river, and 69 miles w. of Pittsburg. Congress granted 4000 acres of land to the United Brethren, or Moravians, Sept. 3, 1788, for the purpose of propagating the Christian religion among the heathen.

[SALEM, New, a Moravian settlement of Christian Indians, on Huron River, and near Pettquotting, on the s. side of Lake Erie. The plan

tations are on the w. bank of the river, and the dwelling houses on the e. side, which is high land. In June 1786, their new chapel was consecrated, and is better built than that at Pillgerruh.]

[SALEM, a county of New Jersey, bounded e. by Cumberland, and w. by Delaware River. It is divided into nine townships; those on Delaware River are generally excellent for pasture, and have large dairies. The land affords, besides, fine banked meadows, which produce flax, Indian corn, wheat, and other grain; but the people are subject to intermittent fevers. Here the Quakers have four meeting-houses, the Presbyterians four, the Episcopalians two, the Anabaptists three, and the German Lutherans one. It contains 10,437 inhabitants. Alloway Creek, in this county, which runs into the Delaware, is navigable 16 miles for shallops, with several obstructions of draw-bridges.]

[SALEM, a post-town of New Jersey, and capital of Salem County, situate on a branch of Salem Creek, about 3 miles from its confluence with Delaware Bay. It contains a meeting-house for Baptists, one for Quakers, and one for Methodists; a court-house, gaol, and about 100 houses, most of them built with brick, and many of them elegant. There is a wooden bridge over the creek, and so far vessels of 40 or 50 tons burden can go up. It is 16 miles n. w. of Bridgetown, eight s. by w. of Woodstown, and 27 s. w. by s. of Philadelphia.]

[SALEM, a township of Vermont, Orleans County, at the s. end of Lake Memphremagog.] [SALEM, New, a township in Rockingham County, N. Hampshire, in the s. w. corner of the county, adjoining Plastow, and divided from Methuen by the Massachusetts line. It was inIt was incorporated in 1750, and contains 1218 inhabitants; distant 42 miles from Portsmouth.]

[SALEM, a township in W. Chester County, New York, bounded e. and s. by the State of Connecticut, and w. by Poundridge and Bedford townships and Croten River. It contains 1453 inhabitants; of whom 202 are electors, and 19 slaves.]

[SALEM, a township on the e. bounds of Washington County, New York, bounded w. by Argyle, and s. by Albany County. It contains 2186 inhabitants; of whom 368 are electors, and 22 slaves.]

[SALEM, the name of two townships of Pennsylvania, the one in Luzerne County, the other in that of Westmoreland.]

[SALEM, a post-town of N. Carolina, Stokes

VOL. IV.

County, on the w. side of Wack Creek, which, with other streams, forms the Gargalis, and empties into Yadkin River. It contains above 100 houses, regularly built, and chiefly occupied by tradesmen. A paper-mill has been erected here by the Moravians, which is very useful. The Moravians formed this settlement in 1766. It is 20 miles s. e. of Ararat or Pilot Mountain, 24 n. e. by n. of Salisbury.]

[SALEM, the chief town of Surry County, in Salisbury district, N. Carolina.]

SALES, ETANGS, or SALT LAKES, in Canada. They are eight, large and small, and near the s. coast of Lake Erie.

[SALFORD, Upper and Lower, two townships in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania.] [SALGADO, a river on the coast of Pernambuco, Brazil, 13 leagues n. e. of Rigo Lagoa de Sal, or Salt Lake River. It is navigable only for small boats; but the harbour is very good, lying behind the sands.]

SĂLINA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Tunja in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada, opposite some rough sierras. It is of an hot temperature, very barren and reduced, and may contain about 25 housekeepers, and as many other Indians, who live by collecting salt from a saline of three springs on the shore of a river, and called Guacha Chinibaque and Salina Grande. They do not apply themselves to any thing else, save the bringing of fuel from the mountains for strangers, who come hither to buy the salt. [Twenty-five miles e. s. e. from the settlement of Chita, and 11 w. of the town of Pore.]

SALINA, another settlement, in the district of the corregimiento of Las Cinco Leguas de la Ciudad of Quito.

SALINA, a large lake, and with this surname, in the island of St. Christopher: in the extremity which looks to the s. e. surrounded by others smaller.

SALINA, another lake, also large, of salt water, in the island of Martinique, and the extremity which looks to the s. w. very near the coast.

SALINA, another, in the island of Guadaloupe, on the point by the castles of Grand Tierra.

SALINA, another, of the same island as the former; on the s. coast of Grand Tierra, near the settlement of Santa Ana.

SALINA, another, of the island of St. Domingo, on the n. coast, near the mouth of the river Grande de Yaque.

SALINA, another, of the province and govern3 B

ment of Buenos Ayres, to the w. of the settle. ment of Canada Larga.

SALINA, a bay on the coast of the province and corregimiento of Chancay in Peru, opposite the farallones or isles of Guaura.

SALINA, a small island in the N. Sea, between the Caicos and the shoal of the Pañuelo Quadrado.

SALINA, another isle, situate near the former, and to the s. of it.

SALINA, a point of land on the s. coast of the island of St. Domingo, between the Bay of Ocoa and the Point of Nizao.

SALINA, another point of the same island as the former, on the n. coast, with the surname of Pequeña, to distinguish it; between the islands La Roche and Del Manglar.

[SALINA. See SALT.]

SALINAS, a settlement and real of mines of the Nuevo Reyno de Leon in N. America. Its jurisdiction is bounded w. by the province of Coaquila, and its district is peopled with Infidel Indians, although these have never committed any hostilities. The king, however, maintains here a corporal and 10 soldiers, to restrain them. The population consists of 50 families of Spaniards, Mustees, and Mulattoes, who were formerly employed in the working of the mines of silver, which have produced much metal, and of very good alloy; although they are now fallen into decay, as having amongst the silver a great mixture of lead. The metals are carried to be refined to the reals of Zacatecas, Sombrerete, Guanajuato, and Chiquagua. They breed also here a portion of cattle, but cultivate very few seeds and vegetable productions. [Ninety-seven miles e. of Monastery.]

SALINAS, another settlement of the province and corregimiento of Paria in Peru.

SALINAS, another, with the dedicatory title of San Pablo, in the alcaldía mayor of Tacuba and kingdom of Nueva España.

SALINAS, another, of the province and captainship of Rio Grande in Brazil; situate on the shore of the river Amargoso, near the coast, and the village of Webasau.

SALINAS, another, of the province and corregimiento of Ibarra in the kingdom of Quito: n. of the settlement of Cayasqui or Caguasqui.

SALINAS, another, of the province and corregimiento of Potosi in Peru, situate in the valley of its name.

SALINAS, another, of the province and corregimiento of Maule in the kingdom of Chile; on the coast of the valley of Nilhue.

SALINAS, another, of the province and government of Santa Cruz de la Sierra in Peru: founded in the llanura of Misque in 1549, by Captain Andres de Salinas, from whom it took its name. It is large, of a fertile and pleasant territory, but very thinly peopled, through want of commerce; although it be not without some families of distinction. In lat. 18° s.

SALINAS, another, in the Nuevo Reyno de Leon, and valley of its name. It is the head settlement of the district of this government; and in its neighbourhood are bred very many goats; but its fruits and seeds are few. It takes its name from a saline spot, on which it stands; is inhabited by 18 families of Indians, and is 12 leagues n. w. of the capital.

SALINAS, a river of the province and government of Venezuela in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada; which runs s. and enters that of Gamalotal.

SALINAS, a point of land or cape of the coast of the S. Sea, and province and government of Choco, to the n. of the Cape of Corrientes.

SALINAS, a point in the island of St. Christopher, looking to s. w.; thus called from some lakes in it, and in which there is plenty of salt.

SALINAS, another, on the s. w. coast of the island of Martinique.

SALINAS, another, on the coast of the province and captainship of Para and kingdom of Brazil, between the point of Latigisca and the mountain Pirausú,

SALINAS, another, which is the extremity of the w. coast of the island of Puná, in the province and government of Guayaquil and kingdom of Quito.

SALINAS, a valley or extensive llanura in the district of the corregimiento of Cuzco and kingdom of Peru; wherein is a salt-water fountain, from whence they collect much salt. It is celebrated for the battle which was fought in 1538, between Francisco Pizarro and Diego de Al

magro.

SALINAS, another valley, in the province and corregimiento of Chichos and Tarija, in the same kingdom as the former; near the river Bermejo.

SALINAS, another settlement, in the province and government of Nicoya and kingdom of Guatemala.

SALINAS, a port on the coast of the province and alcaldía mayor of Tecoantepec in Nueva España, at a small distance from its capital.

SALINAS, a shoal of rocks, near the coast of the province and captainship of Rio Grande in

SALINAS, another_point of land, on the to. coast of the island Tortuga, near that of St. Domingo.

SALINAS, a desolate tract, in the province and government of Tucumán and kingdom of Peru. SALINE, a small river of the province and government of Louisiana, which runs n. e. and enters the Pasus.

SALINE, another river, of the same province and government; which runs n. n. e. and enters the Mississippi. s

SALINE, a large pool or lake in the island of Guadaloupe, and on the s. coast of La Gran Tierra, close to the settlement of San Francisco. SALINE, a settlement of the province and government of Louisiana in N. America: on the shore and at the mouth of the river of its name, to enter the Mississippi. In its vicinity are the celebrated mines of La Mote. [Here all the salt is made which is used in the Illinois country, from a salt spring which is at this place. It is near nine miles s. w. by s. from Kaskaskias village.] [SALINE. See SALINA.]

SALISBURY, a fertile district of N. Carolina, which comprehends the counties of Rockingham, Guilford, Montgomery, Stokes, Surry, Iredell, Rowen, Cabarras, and Mecklenberg. It is bounded n. by the State of Virginia, and s. by the State of S. Carolina. Iron ore is found in several parts, and works have been erected which manufacture pig, bar-iron, &c. to a considerable amount; tobacco of good quality is cultivated here, and the planters are wealthy. It contains 66,480 inhabitants, of whom only 8138 are slaves.]

[SALISBURY, the capital of the above district, and a post-town, is situate in Rowan County, on the n. w. side of Cane Creek, about five miles from its junction with Yadkin River. It contains a court-house, gaol, and about 100 houses. It is a flourishing place, in the midst of a fine country, and lies about 25 miles s. of the Moravian settlements, 211 w. s. w. of Halifax, 70 w. s. w. of Hillsborough, 83 n. w. by w. of Fayettville. Lat. 35° 43′ n. long. 80° 34' w.]

[SALISBURY, a township in Essex County, Massachusetts; is divided into two parishes.

The most ancient settlement in this town is in the lower parish, at which place the general court of the former province of Massachusetts

4

Bay was sometimes held. The part of the town at present most flourishing, is a point of land formed by the junction of Merrimack and Powow Rivers. Here is a village very pleasantly situate on the bank of the Merrimack, where, before the revolution war, ship-building was carried on to a considerable extent, which, though now much decreased, is still not wholly laid aside; and this, with its auxiliary trades, and some little navigation, owned and fitted here, give the place a very lively and busy appearance. The continental frigate Alliance, was built at this place, under the direction of Mr. Hacket, a very respectable naval architect. It is between three and four miles n. of Newbury Port, and 35 n. n. e. of Boston. It was incorporated in 1640, and contains 1780 inhabitants. See Powow RIVER.] [SALISBURY, a township of Vermont, on Otter Creek, in Addison County. Trout Pond, or Lake Dunmore, five miles long, and two broad, is in this town. It contains 446 inhabitants, and is 15 miles e. by n. of Mount Independence.]

[SALISBURY, a considerable agricultural township in Hillsborough County, New Hampshire. It is situate on the w. side of Merrimack River, at the mouth of Blackwater River, and opposite to Canterbury; 10 or 12 miles n. of Concord. It was incorporated in 1768, and contains 1372 inhabitants.]

[SALISBURY, the Wiatiac of the Indians, is the n. tw. township of Connecticut, Litchfield County, having Massachusetts n. and New York w. Here are several forges and iron-works, and a papermill. During the late war several pieces of cannon were cast in this town.]

[SALISBURY, a town of Delaware, Newcastle County, on the n. side of Duck Creek, on the s. line of the county ; 9 miles s. e. of Noxtown, and 12 n. w. of Dover.]

[SALISBURY, the name of two townships in Pennsylvania, the one in Lancaster County, the other in that of Northampton.]

[SALISBURY, a post-town of Maryland, situate on the e. shore of Chesapeak Bay, in Somerset County, between the two principal branches of Wicomico River. It contains about 30 houses, and carries on a considerable lumber trade. It is five miles s. of the Delaware State-line, 16 n. w. of Snowhill, and 47 s. of Dover in Delaware State.]

[SALISBURY, a small town of Virginia, 20 miles from Alexandria, 15 from Leesburg.]

[SALISBURY, an island at the o. end of Hudson's Straits, e. of Nottingham Island. Lat. 63° 29′ n. long. 76° 47′ w.]

[SALISRURY Point forms the n. side of the mouth of Merrimack River, or Newbury Harbour, in Massachusetts. Lat. 42° 49′ n. long. 70° 50' w.

SALIVAS, a numerous nation of Indians of the province and government of San Juan de los Llanos in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada, between the rivers Meta and Cazarare. It is divided into tribes; some of which inhabit the w. and others the e. of the river Vichada.

They are the most docile, pacific, and well inclined Indians of any known, notwithstanding their character, in some degree, denies this assertion; for their customs are wildly extravagant. When the time of sowing comes, all the young men go out to labour, and, being formed into ranks, receive at the hands of the old men a furious lashing: this, they say, is to beat out idleness from youth, and there is no one that ever complains of this treatment. They delighted to carry very shining arms, although they were too cowardly to use them; and giving as excuse, that their ancestors never fought. It is the business of the women, every day, to comb the hair of their husbands, sons, brothers, and guests, to dress it, and anoint their bodies: and in this they spend the greater part of their time; whilst the sole business of the men is to sit still, and to take care lest the operation be troublesome; frequently looking at themselves in a mirror, They look upon it as a great affliction when their wives bear twins; as they consider it as a dishonour to their persons. The unhappy woman, in this case, experiences the reproach of all her sex, who, without considering that the same may be their own lot, pour forth volleys of abuse, by calling her mother of mice, in as much as these animals bring forth half a dozen at a time; and others calling her cachi-camos, which animals produce more at a time, and more frequently. They, accordingly, always kill one of the children, without permitting any one to know the act; since the husband invariably supposes one of the children to be the fruit of infidelity, and, consequently, carries his wife before the cazique, who beats her unmercifully, in the presence of other women, to deter them from the same act. The Jesuits of Santa Fé reduced this nation of the Salivas to the Catholic faith; but the Caribes burnt and destroyed their settlements, putting to death the missionaries, in 1684; and have frequently since repeated their invasions.

SALIVE, Point of, at the extremity of the coast which looks to the e. of the island Trinidad, close to that of Los Arrecifes.

[SALLAGUA, a harbour on the w. coast of New Mexico, which affords good anchorage. Lat. 19° 4' n. See SALAGUA.]

SALLE, a small river of the province and colony of Virginia in N. America, which runs w. and enters the Seyota near the settlement of Harriskinton.

SALLIQUE, a settlement of the province and government of Jaen de Bracamoros in the kingdom of Quito.

SALMEDINA, a shoal of rocks and sand at the entrance of the port of Portobello in the kingdom of Tierra Firme; opposite the point where stood the castle of San Felipe, entirely of iron; at seven leagues distance.

SALMEDINA, another shoal, near the coast of the province and government of Cartagena in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada, at the entrance of the port of Boca Chica.

SALMEDINA, another, near the coast of the province and government of Honduras in N. America, between the Morro Chico and the island Utila.

[SALMON Fall, the name of Piscataqua River from its head to the Lower Falls at Berwick. See PASCATAQUA RIVER.]

[SALMON Falls, in Saco River, on the line between the district of Maine and the State of New Hampshire, 10 miles above Saco Falls. The number of saw-mills on the river has neither destroyed or lessened the quantity of salmon on it. The mill-dams do not extend across the river, and there is a curiosity in seeing the exertion of these fish in making their way up the falls when the sun shines clear in the morning, they are frequently seen engaged in this enterprise, moving from one rock to another, and resting on each, in spite of the cataract which opposes their progress, until they have gained the still waters above.]

:

[SALMON Point, on the e. coast of the island of Newfoundland, and n. e. of Claune Point, which is the n. entrance into Conception Bay.]

SALMORIN, a settlement of the island of St. Domingo, in the French division. The Spaniards burnt and destroyed it in 1690.

SALOMON, islands of the S. Sea; called also De Mendaña, as having been discovered by Alvaro de Mendaña, by order of the Marquis of Cañete, Viceroy of Peru, (and not Mendoza, as is wrongly stated by the Ex-Jesuit Coleto), in 1567.

They are many, and the principal were named by the said Mendaña, as follows: Guadalcanal, Santa Isabel, Guadalupe, Arrecife, Buena-vista,