[of the state-house yard. It is a hollow square, 100 feet in front, built of stone, three stories high. All the apartments are arched with stone, as a precaution against fire; and it is the largest, strongest, and neatest building of the kind in the United States. To the gaol is annexed a workhouse, with yards to keep the sexes apart, and criminals from the debtors. There are also apartments lately added for the solitary confinement of criminals. The whole is securely inclosed by stone walls.

The market-house, in High Street, is perhaps exceeded by none in the world, in the abundance, neatness, and variety of provisions, which are exposed for sale every Wednesday and Saturday. Butchers' meat and vegetables may be had any other day, except Sunday. It extends from Front to Fourth Street, and is supported by 300 pillars.

The new theatre in Chesnut Street, near the state-house, is large and convenient. It was finished in 1793. Further w. is a spacious building, which was intended for the accommodation of the president of the United States, but is not occupied by him. Opposite to the new theatre is the amphitheatre, wherein feats of horsemanship are, at certain seasons, performed with great dexterity, for the amusement of the citizens. It is a large commodious building.

The university stands on the w. side of Fourth Street, between High and Mulberry Streets. It was formed by the union of two literary institutions, which had previously existed a consider able time in Philadelphia, one designated by the above name; the other by that of the college, academy, and charitable schools of Philadelphia. They now constitute a very respectable seminary. It was incorporated in 1791. The philosophical apparatus, which was before very complete, has been lately increased to the value of several hundred pounds. The funds of the university produce annually a revenue of about £2365. The aggregate number of students, in the several schools, is, on an average, about 510. And the number usually admitted to degrees in each year about 25. The Friends' academy, and Young Ladies' academy, are also respectable and useful establishments.

The chief literary and humane societies are the American Philosophical Society; the College of Physicians; the Society for promoting Political Inquiries; the Pennsylvania hospital; the Philadelphia dispensary; the Pennsylvania society for the abolition of slavery; the society for alle

viating the miseries of prisons; the Pennsylvania society for the encouragement of manufactures and useful arts; the Philadelphia society for the information and assistance of emigrants, and two other societies of the same kind, one for the relief of German, and another for the relief of Irish emigrants: and an humane, an agricultural, marine, and various charitable societies. Here is a grand lodge of free and accepted masons, and eight subordinate lodges. The insurance company of N. America, lately established here, is in high repute, and insure houses, goods, &c. against fire, on very reasonable terms.

Few cities in the world of the same population and riches as Philadelphia are better provided with useful institutions, both public and private. There are also a sufficient number of academies for the instruction of both sexes. Almost every religious society has one or more schools under its immediate direction, where children belonging to the society are taught to read and write, and are furnished with books and stationary articles.

In the city and suburbs are 10 rope-walks which manufacture about 800 tons of hemp annually; 13 breweries, which are said to consume 50,000 bushels of barley yearly; six sugarhouses; seven hair-powder manufactories in and about town; two rum distilleries, and one rectifying distillery; three card-manufactories. The other manufactories are, 15 for earthenware; six for chocolate; four for mustard; three for cut-nails, and one for patent-nails; one for steel; one for aqua-fortis; one for sal-ammoniac and glauber-salts; one for oil colours; 11 for brushes; two for buttons; one for Morocco leather, and one for parchment; besides gun-makers, coppersmiths, hatters, tin plate-workers, coachmakers, cabinet-makers, and a variety of others. The public mint, at which the national money is coined, is in this city. The great number of paper-mills in the state enable the printers to carry on their business more extensively than is done in any other place of America. There are 31 printing-offices in this city; four of these publish each a daily gazette; two others publish gazettes twice a week, one of these is in the French language; besides two weekly papers, one of which is in the German language. The other offices are employed in printing books, pamphlets, &c. The catalogue of books for sale in this city, contains upwards of 300 sets of Philadelphia editions, besides a greater variety of]

[maps and charts than is to be found any where else in America.

The pleasure carriages within the city and liberties, according to enumeration, are as follow, viz. two-wheeled carriages, 553; light waggons, 80; coaches, 137; phaetons, 22; chariots, 35; and coachees, 33; the whole amounting to 307 four-wheeled carriages. The roads are good, and becoming better; stage-coaches perform the journey from this city to Lancaster in 11 hours, on the new turnpike road: the distance is 58 miles.

This city is governed by a mayor, recorder, 15 aldermen, and 30 common council-men; according to its present charter, granted in the year 1789. The mayor, recorder, eight aldermen, and 16 common council-men make a quorum to transact business; they have full power to constitute and ordain laws and ordinances for the governing of the city; the mayor, recorder, and aldermen are justices of the peace, and justices of oyer and terminer. They hold a court four times a year, to take cognizance of all crimes and misdemeanors committed within the city two aldermen, appointed by the mayor and recorder, hold a court on the forenoon of Monday and Thursday of every week, to judge of all matters which are cognizable before a justice of the peace.

The trade of Pennsylvania is principally carried on from this city, and there are few commercial ports in the world, where ships from Philadelphia may not be found in some season of the year. The number of vessels which entered this port in 1786, was 910; in 1787, 870; in 1788, 851; in 1793, 1414, of which 477 were ships; in 1795, 1620, viz.; ships, 158; barks and snows, 26; brigs, 450; schooners, 506; sloops, 480. Clearances, 1789. It is not mentioned how many of these were coasting vessels. The number of vessels built in 1795 was 31, of which 23 were ships and brigs. In the year 1792, Philadelphia shipped 420,000 barrels of flour and middlings; in 1794, 300,751.

The value of the exports from the state in the year ending September 30, 1791, was 3,436,092 dollars, 58 cents; 1792, 3,820,662 dollars; 1793, 6,958,836 dollars; 1794, 6,643,092 dollars; 1795, 11,518,260 dollars. The sickness in the autumn of 1793, and the embargo in the spring following, interrupted the commerce of Philadelphia for nearly five months. The late war occasioned some extraordinary articles in the exportation of this place; coffee, &c. were carried to Philadel

phia, and from thence to Hamburg, as neutral ports.

The environs of the city are very pleasant, and finely cultivated. In the n. are Kensing ton, near the suburbs on Delaware, noted for ship-building; Germantown, a populous neat village, with two German churches; and Frankfort, another pretty village, both within seven miles, besides many country-seats. In the s. is Derby, a small pleasant borough, about seven miles distant; and, on Schuilkill, four miles from the city, the botanical garden of Messrs. Bartrams. In the w. on the same river, 18 acres of ground have been lately destined for a public botanical garden.

According to a list published of the births and deaths in the several religious societies of Philadelphia, it appears that from August 1, 1792, to August 1, 1793, the births amounted to 2511, and the deaths to 1497. In the year 1793, Philadelphia was visited with a severe scourge, the yellow fever, which raged with uncommon violence for above three months, and in that short space swept off nearly 5000 inhabitants. The humane efforts of a committee of health, appointed by the citizens, were highly instrumental in diminishing the calamity. A few weeks after this disorder ceased to rage, the trade of the city was restored in a manner incredible to any but eyewitnesses. It is an honourable proof of the humane attention paid to the prisoners in this city that of 4060 debtors, and 4000 criminals, who were confined in Philadelphia goal between the 28th of September, 1780, and the 5th of September, 1790, only 12 died a natural death. În 1794, there were 9000 houses in this city, and 400 which were building; and the present number of inhabitants may be estimated at about 55,000.

Philadelphia is 728 miles s. w. of Passamaquoddy, which is the easternmost part of the seacoast of the United States, 347 s. w. of Boston, 222 s. w. of Hartford, 95 s. w. of New York, 102 n. e. of Baltimore, 278 n. e. of Richmond, 144 n. e. of Washington's city, and 925 n. e. by n. of Savannah in Georgia. The above distances are English miles, and include the windings of the roads. The direct distances in geographical miles are as follows: Philadelphia is 480 miles s. w. of Passamaquoddy, 235 s. w. of Boston, 161 s. w. of Hartford, 70 ́s. w. of New York, 83 n. e. of Baltimore, 190 n. e. of Richmond, 110 n. e. of Washington, and 560 n. e. of Savannah. See PENNSYLVANIA, for an ac-]

count of several other particulars relating to this city.]

PHILADELPHIA, a township in Rutland County, Vermont; about 15 miles e. of Orwell. It contains 39 inhabitants.]

[PHILIP, a large island in Lake Superior, in the territory of the United States. It lies towards the s. side of the lake, and s. e. of Isle Royal.]

[PHILIP, ST. a fort which commands the entrance of Maranhan Harbour, on the coast of Brazil.]

[PHILIP, ST. a point within the harbour of Port Royal, S. Carolina.]

[PHILIP'S ST. a parish of S. Carolina; situate in Charlestown district.]

PHILIPOLIS, a city of the Straits of Magellan; founded by the admiral Pedro Sarmiento de Gamba in 1584; and not in 1582, as is asserted by the ex-jesuit Coleti; neither in 1584, as according to Mr. La Martiniere. Its name was given to it by its founder, in honour of King Philip II. It was situate in the narrowest part of the strait, with a good port, and on the n. coast: it had four bastions and some artillery, but it lasted only a short time, for in 1587, the English pirate Thomas Candish passing by, found it totally void of population, its inhabitants having died of hunger; and from this cause it has been since called Port of Hunger. In lat. 53° 17' s.

[PHILIPPE, S. a city of the province and government of Venezuela, was once a miserable village, named Cocorote, but has become a city by the resort of people from Baraquisimeto and the Canaries, and is now famous for the industry and activity of its inhabitants. The soil is fertile, and is watered to the e. by the river Yarani, and to the w. by the Aroa, crossed by a vast number of rivulets. Cocoa, indigo, and coffee are cultivated, but they grow very little cotton and still less sugar. The inhabitants amount to 6800. The city is regularly built; the streets are broad, and the church is handsome and well supported. The air is cold and wet, and the town therefore unwholesome. The police and justice are administered by a cabildo. It lies in lat. 10° 12' w. 110 miles, with a slight inclination to the s. of Caracas; 34 miles w. of Valeneia, and 17 n. w. of Niragua.]

(PHILIPPEAU, an island on the 2. side of Lake Superior, n. of Isle Royal.]

[PHILIPPEAU, a bay on the n. shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, near the Straits of Bellisle, and partly formed by islands which project s. on

The e.

its e. part, and extend towards the w. part of the bay lies in lat. 51° 20′ n.] [PHILIPPINA, a small town of the province of Guatemala in New Spain; situate on a bay of the N. Pacific Ocean, to the s. e. of Guatémala.]

[PHILIPSBURG, a town of New Jersey; situate in Sussex County, on the e. bank of Delaware River, opposite to Easton in Pennsylvania. It is 35 miles n. w. of Trenton.]

[PHILLIPSBURGH, or PHILIPSTOWN, a township of New York, in Dutchess County, on the e. side of Hudson's River, 26 miles above New York, near the s. end of Tappen Bay. It contains 2079 inhabitants, including 25 slaves. In 1796, there were 347 of the inhabitants electors. In this township is a silver-mine, which yields virgin silver.]

[PHILLIPS Academy. See ANDOVER and EXETER.]

[PHILOPOLIS, a settlement in Lucerne County, Pennsylvania; 12 or 14 miles w. of Mount Ararat, and at the head of the w. branch of Tunkhanock Creek, about 45 miles s. e. of Athens, or Tioga Point. Lat. 41° 40′ n. Long. 75° 33' w.]

PIACHIS, a river of the province and corregimiento of Caxamarquilla in Peru.

PIACOA, a settlement of the province of Guayana, and government of Cumaná; ■ reduccion of the missions of the Indians, held there by the Capuchin Catalanian Fathers.

PIAĞUI, a river of the kingdom of Brazil, which rises between those of Acuracú and Parainala, runs n. and enters the second; detaching in its mid-course, an arm which joins the former river.

PIAKEMINES, a river of the province and government of Louisiana in N. America. It is an arm which enters the Mississippi near the coast, runs n. w. and empties itself into the sea by two mouths, between N. Cape and Ascencion Bay.

PIANDAMA, a river of the province and government of Popayán, in the Nuevo Reyno de Granada. It rises s. of the city of Buga, and enters the river Grande de la Magdalena.

[PIANKASHAWS, or PYANKISHAS, VERMILLIONS, and MASCONTINS, are tribes of Indians in the N. W. Territory, who reside on the Wabash and its branches, and Illinois River. These, with the Kickapoos, Musquitons, and Ouiatanons, could together furnish about 1000 warriors, 20 years ago.]

PIANKATANK, a river of the province and

colony of Virginia in N. America. It runs s. e. with a large body into the sea.

PIAS, SANTA ISABEL DE, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Caxamarquilla in Peru; annexed to the curacy of Chilia.

PIASTLA, a settlement and head settlement of the district of the alcaldía mayor of Acatlan in Nueva España, in the district of which are many large saline earths, which afford a commerce to the natives.

PIASTLA, an abundant river of the province and alcaldía mayor of Copale, and kingdom of Nueva Vizcaya. It rises in the vicinity of Durango, the capital, and running to e. s. e. enters the S. Sea in lat. 2340, under the tropic of Cancer. It abounds greatly in fish, and on its shores is collected a tolerable portion of salt of very good quality, in which consists its trade, and by which the settlements on its shores profit; three of these being of the reduccion of the Indians, although very small, and of the missions which were held by the Jesuits.

PIAY, a river of the province and captainship of San Vincente in Brazil, which runs n. n. w. and enters the Paraná-pape.

PIBIL, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Abancay in Peru.

PIBINCO, a river of the district and province of Maguegua in the kingdom of Chile, which runs w. and enters the Ngeloi.

PIC, a small river of Canada, which runs s. w. and enters Lake Superior.

PICA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Arica in Peru.

PICA, a river of this province and kingdom, which runs n. near the coast, then turns w. and enters the S. Sea.

PICACHO, a settlement of the province and government of Sonora in N. America.

PICACHOS, a settlement of the head settlement of the district and alcaldía mayor of Acaponeta in Nueva España. Fifteen leagues n. e. of its capital.

PICAMARAN, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Yauyos in Peru; annexed to the curacy of Pacarán.

PICAZURU, a river of the province and government of Paraguay. It runs w. in a very abundant stream, and enters the Paraná.

PICCHA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Guanta in Peru; annexed to the curacy of Ticllas.

PICCHOS, a settlement of the same province and kingdom as the former; annexed to the curacy of Huaribamba.

PICHANA, a settlement of the province and government of Tucumán in Peru, on the skirt of a mountain, on the shore of the river of its

name.

PICHANA, another settlement, in the province and corregimiento of Caxamarquilla.

PICHANA, the aforesaid river, which runs w. PICHAOMACA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Quillota and kingdom of Chile, between the port Papudo and the shoals of Mala Cara.

PICHICPICUNTA, a river of the kingdom of Chile, which rises e. of the volcano of Tucapel, runs s. with some inclination to s. s. e. and loses itself in the lakes of the Desaguadero.

PICHIDEGUA, a settlement of the province and corregimiento of Aimaraez in Peru; annexed to the curacy of Pocoanca.

PICHIDEGUA, another settlement, in the province and corregimiento of Canes and Canches, or Tinta in Peru.

PICHILINGUES, PUERTO DE LOS, a large, sheltered, and convenient bay of the Gulf of California, or Mar Roxo de Cortes. Its entrance is closed up by the large island of Espiritu Santo, and on the side of this are two other small islands, called S. Lorenzo and La Gallina; the which form channels or entrances which are very narrow. In the innermost part of this bay, is another bay still more sheltered, called La Paz.

PICHINCHE, a very lofty mountain and volcano of the kingdom of Quito; on the skirt of which stands this capital. On the top it is divided into various points or pinnacles, the loftiest of which, called Rucu-Pichinche, or Pichincheviejo, is raised 5605 fathoms, two inches, and eight lines, above the level of the sea, as was measured by the academicians of the sciences of Paris. It is constantly covered with snow.

This volcano has burst, vomiting fire, in the years 1535, 1577, 1660, and 1690, when it caused terrible mischief, and particularly to the province of Esmeraldas to the w. that being the constant scene of the greatest calamities, as the mouth of the volcano is turned this way. Nearly the whole of the mountain is dry and barren, and the street only towards Quito is cultivated. the top, where the snow is, the mercury rises 16 inches, and the dilatation of the spirit of wine is from 995 to 1012 in Reaumur's thermometer, according to the observations made by the aforesaid academicians.

On

From this mountain a society of literati of the city of Quito take their name, being called the Pichinchense Academy, and employed in astro