UNIV. OF CALIFORNIA

LIFE AND CORRESPONDENCE

OF

HENRY GRATTAN,

CHAPTER I.

Preliminary Remarks. Irish History. Doctor Leland. - Lord Strafford's Rebellion of 1641.-Sir J. Davies's History.-Conduct of the Stuart Family to Ireland.-Hume's Remarks on Ireland.-Ancient History of Ireland.-Acts in the Irish Parliament of James II.-Policy to be pursued by Ireland.-Government of George III. in Ireland.—His Character.—The Acquisitions of Ireland frustrated by Government.-Torture inflicted on the People-Spread of the rebellion.-Conspiracy of Ministers against Liberty-Popular Measures-rejected, —granted,—and eluded. — System execrable.-Pitt.—Duke of Portland.-Lord Clare's extenuation.-Hope in a Limited Monarchy.

THE history of Mr. Grattan's time comprises nearly all that is valuable in the history of Ireland. Before that period she can scarcely be said to have existed as a nation: with all the rights of one, she had none of the advantages; her struggles for liberty were vain and hopeless, and only

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timacy of the latter with Mr. Grattan.-Mr. Grattan's education in Dublin.- Enters College. His Contemporaries.-Letters to his friend Broome, August 1765, June 1766.-Death of his Father.1767 goes to the Middle Temple.-Letters to Broome, November, 1767.-Death of his Sister.-Letter to Broome, January, 1768.Goes to Windsor Forest, February, 1768.-His love for the country. -Anecdote relating thereto.-Remarks on Mr. Hutchinson.-Letter to Robert Day, March, 1768.-To Broome, March, 1768.-To Day, May, 1768.-Acquaintance with Fitzgibbon.-Letter to Broome, May, 1768.- Debates in the English Parliament.- Remarks on Burke-on Grenville-on Macaulay Boyd.-Letter to Broome, August, 1768.-Remarks on English Historians, Clarendon, Burnet, and Bolingbroke

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CHAPTER III.

Mr. Grattan's first school.-A pedagogue. -School anecdote.-His school-fellows. Malones, Hussey Burgh, and Mr. Canning.-Attacked by illness.-Peep-o'-day boys.—Mr. Marlay to Mr. Grattan. —Mr. Grattan enters college. His intimates there.-Foster, Macaulay Boyd, Robert Day, Dr. Doyle, John Fitzgibbon.—Mr. Broome. -Gloomy tendency of Mr. Grattan's mind.-His political opinions -opposed to those of his father.-Mr. Grattan's patrimony.-Unkind treatment by his father.-Letters.-Mr. Grattan to Mr. Broome.— His state of mind described.-His love of the country and solitude.-His studies. Changes of feeling.—His strong friendship for Broome. -His opinions of Lord Bolingbroke, Virgil, and Pope Page 42

CHAPTER IV.

Retrospect of Irish History.-Cromwell's Invasion, and the Restoration. -No Parliament.-Certain Hereditary Revenues absolutely in the King.-Parliament with the People in the reign of George III.-Lord Sydney's Protest.-Duke of Dorset.-Arbitrary seizure of Revenue 1753.-Private Council originate Money-Bills.-Lord Sydney, 1692. -Lord Townshend.-Violent proceedings.-Parliament dissolved. Anthony Malone, honest Chancellor of Exchequer.-His conduct and character.-Papist Relief Bill in 1769.- First concession to the Catholics. Lost in England.-Foresight of Malone.-Lord Halifax's

Government.-Poyning's Law.-Primate Stone.—Malone removed from office-unjust accusation against him. His personal appearance.-Lord Pery.-Summary of Malone's character.-Irish politics in 1753. First symptom of public feeling.-Rejection of the MoneyBill.-Ineffectual struggle.-Irish Judges made independent.-Abuse of Pensions.-Irish remonstrance.-Letters of Mr. Pitt and the Duke of Bedford Page 54

CHAPTER V.

Dread of a Union.-Rising in Dublin.-Mob-excesses.-Lord Hillsborough. Expected Invasion of Ireland.-Rigby to Mr. Pitt.-Rigby and Walpole's description of the Excesses of the Mob.-Popular Song.-Militia Bill thrown out.-Embargo-Septennial Bill.-Reign of George III.-Dr. Lucas-his services to Ireland.-The Freeman's Journal. His Literary Labors.-His Writings ordered to be burnt by the Hangman.—Ordered to be arrested, but escaped to England.— Practises as a Physician.-Returns to Ireland.-Sketch of his Character. His efforts in the House of Commons.-Character of his Writings. His Death and Public Funeral

CHAPTER VI.

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Lord Halifax."Single-speech Hamilton."-Poyning's Law.-Lord Townshend appointed Lord Lieutenant.-His measures against the Irish Aristocracy.-Weakness of the people.-Corrupt influence.Arbitrary measures of Government.-Lord Townsend's Protest.Parliament re-assembled.-Its servile conduct.-Consequent resignation of the Speaker Ponsonby.-Its result.-Mr. Pery chosen Speaker. His character, hnd influence. His great services to Ireland.-His tact in debate. His Corn Laws. His modus for Tithe. His measure for arming Ireland. His claims as a Speaker.His strict political integrity.-His conduct in the House of Lords.

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CHAPTER VII.

Mr. Grattan at the Temple.-His character of Lord Chatham.-Letter to Mr. Broome.-Death of Mr. Grattan's sister.-Mr. Grattan at

Windsor Forest-His eccentric habits.-Judge Day's account of him at this period.-Mr. Grattan to Mr. Broome.-The same to the same.- -Mr. Grattan to Mr. Robert Day. Mr. Grattan to Mr. Broome. Mr. Grattan to Mr. Robert Day.-Mr. Grattan to Mr. Broome. The same to the same.-Death of Mr. Grattan's mother.Colonel Marlay to Mr. Grattan.-Mr. Grattan to Mr. Broome.— Mr. Grattan's grief at the loss of his mother

CHAPTER VIII.

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Mr. Bushe. Mr. Flood.-Sir Hercules Langrishe.-Private Theatricals. -The American War.-Mr. Bushe to Mr. Grattan.-Mr. Marlay to Mr. Grattan." Single Speech" Hamilton. Mr. Grattan to Mr. Broome.-Wilkes.--Fatal Duel.-Mr. Flood tried.-Mr. Bushe to Mr. Grattan. Mr. Grattan to Mr. Broome.-The same to the same. -Private Theatricals in Ireland.--Mr. Grattan to Mr. Broome.Mr. Grattan to Mr. Day.-Mr. Grattan to Mr. Broome.-Mr. Grattan to the same.-Mr. Day to Mr. Grattan.-Mr. Grattan to Mr. Day. Page 134

CHAPTER IX.

Historical retrospect.-System of corruption in Ireland.-Treatment of the Commons. Increase of the army.-Close of the Townshend ministry. Political songs.-Mr. Grattan's writings at this period.-His character of Lord Chatham.-Sir Hercules Langrishe.-His character. His Barataria.-Lines on him by Mr. Grattan.-Poem of Langrishe on Miss Catley and Miss Weiwitzer.-Opinions on the late Viceroy. -His conduct at Quebec.—Mr. Flood.—His social character.-His style of speaking. His scholarship and literary talents. His personal appearance.-The Octennial Bill.-The Militia Bill.-Design of the ministry to destroy the Irish aristocracy.—Flood's acceptance of office. The Harcourt administration.-Its prodigality.—Ireland and America Page 172

CHAPTER X.

Mr. Grattan at the Temple.-Political excitement.-Character of Wilkes. -Sketch of the events of those times, by Mr. Grattan.-Lord Chat

ham's Ministry-Inutility of opposition to it.-Court of Prince Frederick.-The Whigs and the Aristocracy.-Retirement of Mr. Pitt and the Duke of Newcastle.-The tables turned.-Birth of the Whig Ministry.-Appointment of the Chatham Ministry.-Return of Wilkes from exile-His election for Middlesex-His outlawry reversed-His reception by the people-His fine and imprisonment His treatment by the Government.-Lord Weymouth's letter.-Wilkes repeatedly elected for Middlesex, and as repeatedly rejected by the House of Commons-This measure defended.-Petitions of the people.-Formidable opposition.-Beckford.-Granby.-Camden.-Grenville.— Cowardice of the Ministry.-Inefficacy of the Opposition-Reasons for this. Unparalleled luxury and licentiousness of the time.-Mr. Grattan's report of Lord Chatham's Speech on Wilkes's expulsion.— Mr. Grattan's description of Lord Chatham's speaking-Examples of his style. Original letter of George III. relative to Lord Chatham Page 210

CHAPTER XI.

Correspondence resumed.-Juvenile Essay on Patriotism, by Mr Grattan. Mr. Grattan to Mr. Broome.-The same to the same.Mr. Grattan visits France.-Resides at Paris.-Acquaintance with a French nobleman.-Letter to him from Mr. Grattan, in French.— Mr. Broome to Mr. Grattan.Mr. Grattan called to the Irish bar, 1772.-Loses his first cause, and returns half the fee.-His associates at this period.-Mr. Gore, Lord Annaly, Mr. Hussey Burgh, Mr. Denis Daly, Mr. Yelverton, Mr. Doyle, Mr. Bushe, Mr. Langrishe, Mr. Forbes, Mr. Day.-Political meetings among these friends.— They form a political club.-Lord Charlemont.-His literary tastes.— Mr. Daly.-Judge Kelly.-Mr. Grattan to Mr. Day.-The same to the same.-Mr. Grattan to Mr. Broome.-The same to the same.Mr. Grattan to Mr. Day.-Mr. Grattan to Mr. Broome Page 240

CHAPTER XII.

Close of Lord Townshend's administration.-Accession of Lord Harcourt. Absentee tax proposed but abandoned. Insignificant concessions to Ireland. Concession to the Catholics.- Conformity encouraged.—Origin of Irish resistance. The American