some of these names may have originally intimated some penurious habits, or those inordinate attachments, resulting from cupidity, which have in every age unhappily characterized too many of our fellow-creatures: as, Brass, Emery, Farthing, Gold, Halfpenny, Marks, Money, Moneypenny, Noble, Penny, Rich, Riches, Rust, Silver, Steel, Twopenny, &c.

XV. The facetious powers and satirical propensities of mankind have ever displayed themselves in connexion with names; indeed, it is impossible otherwise to account for some hereditary names. The proneness to indulge in fictitious and ridiculous names must be recollected by every reader, among his early associates. Others we shall place in this class, that were probably names of foundlings, who even now are often named from some local or circumstantial suggestions, as Bastard, Belcher or Belsher, Bidgood, Bonnyman, Bragg, Broadface, Broadfoot, Butterworth, Cant, Child, Chubb, Coward, Clutterbuck, Crookshanks, Dames, Death, Dogood, Drury, that is, jewell; Goodall, Goodchild, Goodenough, Gotobed, Hartman, Hurry or Urry, Hussy or Hussey, Ironside, Lightbody, Longshanks, Lovegrove, Musard, that is, delayer; Mumm, Nodder, Orlad, Philpot, Pilgrim, Playfair, Prettyman, Rideout, Rubidge, Scudamore, Sheepshanks, Strangeways, Strutt, Thoroughgood, Tippler, Waddle, Wiseacer, Wise, Wiseman.

XVI. Some names have been derived from wearing apparel, or things connected therewith, probably from the skill of some who made them, or the vanity of such as wore them. Bonnett, Buckle, Cap, Coates, Cotton, Frock, Gaicoat, Hat, Hood, Hose, Locket, Silk, &c.

XVII. Others from food, &c. as Allsup, Gammon, Negus, Peasgood, Peppercorn, Salt, Savory, Tripe, &c.

It is presumed there are few names but may be arranged under some of the foregoing heads.* It must not be forgotten, that in passing to us, some have been corrupted through igno

*The following remarks from the author, frequently quoted, although not relating to English names, will, by analogy, in some degree, illustrate the origination of some.

"There was a family in Greece called Gephyri, that is, Bridges, who took their name from a bridge; for when their mother was delivered of nine children at a birth, and in a foolish feare had privily sent seven of them to be drowned at a bridge, the father sodainely comming to the bridge, saved them, and thereupon gave them that name. Of these and the like, we may say, propiora sunt honori, quam ignominia. Infinite are the occasions which, in like manner, have made names to persons, I will only reporte one or two French examples, that thereby you may imagine of others in other places and former ages.'

"In the first broyles of Fraunce, certaine companies ranging themselves into troupes, one captaine tooke newe names to himselfe and his company from the furniture of an horse. Among these newe named gallants, you might have heard of Monsieur Saddle, (to English them) Mounsieur

rance or caprice, particularly such as have been introduced by foreign adventurers or refugees, for the latter of whom this country has happily long afforded an asylum. In many of these the sound will be the only clue to their origin, the illiterate having endeavoured to adopt the orthography thereto.

We have heard of a father and son spelling their surname differently; and we once knew an instance of a parent substituting an e for a c, in the word Duck, because the children were ridiculed for their name. Several individuals we have

met with who could not spell their own name, and when the term of distinction was somewhat peculiar, it would not be surprising if the first descendant who could write, in the absence of written documents, should, in his endeavour to adopt the orthography of the traditional sound, originate a new name, for which he did not trouble himself to account.

From the preceding observations we shall conclude this division of our subject with the following general remarks. Names commencing with Fitz, Mac, or O', or terminating with son, or ins or kins, are derived from Christian names; or abbreviations of Christian names.

Names terminating with er, or man, which is the same, as we may hereafter show, are derived from employments.

Names commencing or terminating with the syllables previously placed in the style of a dictionary, are derived from local situations.

We have treated this subject somewhat at length, observing, that even our literary friends had given it little attention; and, considering, moreover, that it forms as legitimate a subject of grammatical inquiry, as the etymology of common names, although certainly not so important.

It only remains that we speak of local proper names, concerning which, our limits will not allow us to enlarge; nor is it necessary, seeing the syllabic table already given in eluci

Bridle, Le Croupier, Le Girte, Horshooe, Bitte, Trappiers, Hoofe, Stirrope, Curbe, Musrole, Frontstall, &c. Most of these which had their passport, as my author noteth, by Seigneur de la Halter. Another captaine there also gave names to his, according to the places where he found them, as Hedge, Hieway, River, Pond, Vine, Stable, Street, Corner, Gallows, Taverne, Tree, &c. And I have heard of a consort in England, who, when they had served at sea, tooke names from the equipage of a shippe, when they would serve themselves at land, as Keele, Ballast, Planke, Foredecke, Decke, Loope-hole, Pumpe, Rudder, Gable, Anchor, Misensaile, Capson, Maste, Belt. So that is true which Isidori saieth, names are not alwayes given according to Nature, but some after our owne will and pleasure, as we name our landes and servants, according to our owne liking. And the Dutchman's saying may be verified, which, when he heard of Englishmen called God and Divell, saide, that the English borrowed names from all things whatsoever, good or bad."

dation of the etymology of family names, will equally apply in illustrating the formation of this last class of terms. It has occasionally happened that individual names have given rise to local names, particularly in the designation of newly discovered countries, tracts, and islands, or the establishment of new towns and villages; but, it has necessarily more frequently happened, that local names have originated family names; nor could it be otherwise in long established countries, seeing the majority of places received their names before the introduction of surnames.

As a general principle, it will be found that towns have generally received their names from local circumstances, as in the vicinity of a sea or river, or from some peculiarity of situation.

And in some instances of compound terms, there has been a union of the name of the owner with the estate he possessed; as, Melton-Mowbray, Higham - Ferrers, Drayton - Basset, Drayton-Beauchamp, and many others.

To the thoughtful reader this subject can scarcely fail to suggest many interesting considerations, displaying even the feelings, passions, and wishes of mankind. Nor can he in quitting it, fail to congratulate himself that he lives in a country where, and in a period of time when, moral and intellectual worth, although unaccompanied by admired names, will justly procure their possessor more admiration and esteem, than the most pompous names and adventitious distinctions without them.

STOWE.

THOU art an Iliad of a Garden-Stowe!
Thy plan is Epic-Homeric the glow

Which warmed the spirit that designed the same,
And hill and vale confess the poet's flame;

Pope praised, and Art and Nature cradled thee,
Nurtured by each into sublimity-

Stream, grot, and column are thine episodes:
Time spreads thine oaks, and sanctifies thy woods.
Fit dwelling for a prince-thou art a thing
For critic gaze, and wonders sojourning!
But calm content, enjoying what's possessed,
Deems thee too vast to be by her embraced,
And turns to a small plot of garden ground,
Disposed with grace, improving what it found,
And lyrical in soft variety,

Refined as art, and yet as nature free,
The Odes of Pindar in brief space combine,
The Epic's charms, without its length supine.

ASTREA: A PoE M.

ADDRESSED TO MYRA.

THE FOURTH CANTO.

"I bid her think, and be, and presently,
Whate'er her ambition, what the counsel
Of others would add to her, what her dreams
Could more enlarge, what any precedent
Of any woman rising up to glory,

And standing certain there, and in the highest,
Could give her more; nay, to be empress."
"She has in her

All the contempt of glory and vain seeming
Of all the Stoicks, all the truth of Christians,
And all their constancy. Modesty was made
When she was first intended. When she blushes,
It is the holiest thing to look upon;

The purest temple of her sect, that ever
Made Nature a blest founder."

BEAUMONT AND FLETCHER.

I.

SONG.

1.

AURORA'S blushes part the blue,
And faintly tint the lawn of dew;
But, from this high and distant scite
I scarce can spy the Egean waves,
Soft-oozing from their nightly caves,
Roll in uncertain light.

2.

She comes, the rosy-finger'd maid,
Forth from the ethereal courts display'd,
The deity of the dawn;-and, lo,

Her mildly-painting lip hath kist,
From Ida's foot, the sailing mist,
Color'd like Iris' bow..

:

3.

Sweet is thy blush, my Iphigen,
As this which decks field, forest, glen;
And thus thy lover's dubious heart
Thine heavenly smiles with radiance cheer,
Who boasts no other glory there,

Than what thy charms impart.

4.

Such is the power of Beauty's sway,
That her celestial influence may
Radiate with good the poet's soul,

And from his mere obscurity,
Write him a place of honor high
In Fame's eternal roll!

5.

But when the dawn shall yield to day,
Then will this glittering mist decay;
And shall my love thus ever die?
If thou, ere I, forsake this earth,
Shall any dame of nobler birth
Control me with her eye?

6.

But, oh! when it shall set, thy beam,
Then, then will fade this gilded dream,

As fades the mist that once hath been!
Dark, dark, I'll shrink in silent grief,
And pass away, like Autumn leaf,
And be no longer seen!

II.

To Antilistos should have pass'd the tale,-
But I beheld romantic Lausus' scale,

With eagle-spirit of poetic child,

The lofty Ide, and gaze the prospect wild;

And sweep his rich harp, that in glad sounds rose,
Now, melting into mournful musings, flows
With pleasing sadness.-How could I forbear
To pause, to gaze, to list with rapture there?

Fierce love or lust, oppos'd in its wild course,
With each restraint, increases in its force;
More restive as more check'd,-foaming and high;
While resolution fancy will supply,
Strengthen in opposition, and still breed
O'er-vaulting thoughts, the more it shall impede.

VOL. II. PART 11.

Z