mere effusion of friendship or gratitude, | Pittites, they will share the fate ofall temporizers; they will verify the old saying of the two stools.Their adversaries understand the system better than they do. George Rose or Mr. Huskisson would beat them off their ground, and render them, an object of ridicule with the very clerks in their offices. They have no idea of the ludicrous fate that awaits them, if they attempt to bolster up this hated system; and, if they do attempt it, they

but an indication of a settled purpose to inpolve the Prince's ministry in a participation of the Pitt system of rule. Indeed, this appears evident enough from what is published as a report of the debate last referred to, where Mr. Canning is represented as having asked, whether he was to consider the opinion of Sir Samuel Romilly as an intimation, that the coming ministry meant to depart wholly from Mr. Pitt's system. The answer of Mr. Pon-will, to all their other mortifications, have sonby, disclaiming, apparently, what had been said by Sir Samuel Romilly, was noticed in my last; and, Mr. Canning is reported to have said, that he was satisfied with Mr. Ponsonby's declaration.--So am not I, and so is not, and never will be, the people of England, who if they were polled, would be found, ninety nine out of a hundred, of Sir Samuel Romilly's opinion, and who are now against all limitations on His Royal Highness, because they hope and believe, that he never can be prevailed upon to suffer a ministry to act upon the Pitt system; but that, on the contrary, he will be surrounded by men determinedly hostile to that system, which has brought so much misery upon the country,This casting, of Sir Samuel Romilly overboard has produced already a deep impression; and for an opinion, too, to which every heart responses. What! is His Royal Highness to be saddled with this system? Are his ministers never to dare to open their lips apon the evils of the measures of the last 20 years? Is he, who has been one of the victims of that system, now to take it under his fostering care? Is he indeed heir apparent to Mr. Pitt's measures, his taxation, his wars, his Bank Restriction, his paper-money, all his pauperising measures? Oh, no! He is heir apparent to none of them; he had no hand in their invention or their adoption; he is, as yet, free from all connection with them; and he will not be so easily persuaded to ally himself with them; to embark his fortunes and his fame in the same boat with measures so hateful to the people.Whoever may become ministers, their fate, as such, will wholly depend upon whether they do or do not pursue that fatal system, which it is necessary for them distinctly to disclaim at the outset, if they mean to possess the confidence of the people, or even to retain their power. If they temporize; if they attempt to steer a middle course between the people and

to add that of hearing me remind them of this prediction, and seeing me take my motto from the Political Register, Vol. XIX, page 33,4. There never were men so deceived as they, if they imagine, that they will be able to jog quietly on in the old track. The country expects a change of system. This is the expectation of the country; the promise of it would be, in itself, a tower of strength; but, without something in that way be done, there will be no real strength, and the thing will exhibit something worse than weakness.What is it that has made the people cold and silent, upon many late occasions? Is it supposed, that they did not feel for the sufferings of our armies under Sir John Moore and Lord Chatham? Is it supposed, that they were indifferent to the fate of so many of their countrymen and kindred ? Is it supposed, that they had no feeling for them; and that they were also insensible of the cost to themselves? Is it supposed that they were deaf alike to the voice of humanity and of self-interest? There is no one who can suppose this. No; the truth is, that the people were withheld from stirring upon these occasions, which were of a nature to move inanimate clay, because they saw no hope in any change of ministry that their stirring might tend to accelerate; because they, in the conduct of those who were candidates for office, saw no indications of an intended change of system; because, in short, they saw, that, when the accusation of seat-selling was brought before the Commons House, and proof of the fact offered to be produced at the bar, both sides join in “making a stand against popu"lar encroachment." This was the cause of their silence; this was the cause why their voice was not heard; this was the cause of their taking no more interest in the questions than they would have done in a question of who should possess such or such a sinecure. Their feeling is very different now. They are well con

say, that this pleasing expectation will be Parliamentary Debates:

friendly professions of his Danish Majesty towards the United States, are valuable pledges in favour of a successful issue. Among the events growing out of the state of the Spanish Monarchy, our attention was imperiously attracted to the change, developing itself in that portion of West Florida, which though of right

have effect on the first day of November be comprehended in the explanation of ensuing. These being the only known the requisites to be a compliance with it. edicts of France, within the description of The British Government was accordingly the act, and the revocation of them being apprised by our Minister near it, that such that they ceased, at that date, to such was the light in which the subject violate our neutral commerce; the fact, as was to be regarded. In this new posture prescribed by law, was announced by a of our relations with these powers, the conproclamation bearing date the 2d day of sideration of Congress will be properly November. It would have well accorded turned to a removal of doubts which may with the conciliatory views, indicated by occur in the exposition, and difficulties this proceeding on the part of France, to in the execution of the act above cited.have extended them to all the grounds of The commerce of the United States, with just complaint, which now remain unad- the north of Europe, heretofore much justed with the United States. It was vexed by licentious cruisers, particularly particularly anticipated that, as a further under the Danish flag, has latterly been evidence of just dispositions towards them, visited with fresh and extensive depredarestoration would have been immediately tions. The measures pursued in behalf of made of the property of our citizens our injured citizens, not having obtained seized under a misapplication of the prin- justice for them, a further and more formal ciple of reprisals, combined with a mis- interposition with the Danish Government construction of a law of the United States. is contemplated. The principles which This expectation has not been fulfilled. have been maintained by that Government From the British Government no commu-in relation to neutral commerce, and the nication on the subject of the act has been received. To a communication from our Minister at London of the revocation, by the French Government, of its Berlin and Milan Decrees, it was answered that the British system would be relinquished as soon as the repeal of the French Decrees have actually taken effect, and the commerce of neutral nations have been re-appertaining to the United States, had re- . stored to the condition in which it stood previously to the promulgation of those Decrees. This pledge, although it does not necessarily import, does not exclude the intention of relinquishing, along with the Orders in Council, the practice of these novel blockades which have a like effect of interrupting our neutral com-juncture, I did not delay the interposition merce. And this further justice to the United States is the rather to be looked for, inasmuch as the blockades in question being not more contrary to the established law of nations, than inconsistent with the rules of blockade formerly recognised by Great Britain herself, could have no al ledged basis other than the plea of retaliation alledged as the basis of the Orders in Council. Under the modification of the original Orders in Nov. 1807 into the Orders of April 1809, there is indeed scarcely a nominal distinction between the Orders and the blockades. One of these illegitimate blockades, bearing date in May 1806, having been expressly avowed to be still unrescinded, and to be in effect comprehended in the Orders in Council, was too distinctly brought within the purview of the act of Congress, not to

mained in the possession of Spain, awaiting the result of negociation for its actual delivery to them. The Spanish authority was subverted: and a situation produced, exposing the country to ulterior events, which might essentially affect the rights and welfare of the union. In such a con

required for the occupancy of the territory west of the river Perdido, to which the title of the United States extends, and to which the laws provided for the territory of Orleans, are applicable. With this view the proclamation, of which a copy is laid before you, was confided to the governor of that territory, to be carried into effect. The legality and necessity of the course pursued, assure me of the favourable light in which it will present itself to the legislature; and of the promptitude with which they will supply whatever provisions may be due to the essential rights and equitable interests of the people thus brought into the bosom of the American family.-Our amity with the powers of Barbary, with the exception of a recent occurrence at Tunis, of which an explanation is just received, appears to

out of the vacant grounds which have accrued to the nation within those limits.— Such an institution, though local in its legal character, would be universal in its beneficial effects. By enlightening the opinions; by expanding the patriotism; and by assimilating the principles, the sentiments and manners of those who might resort to this temple of science, to be redistributed, in due time, through every part of the community, sources of jealousy and prejudice would be diminished, the features of national character would be multiplied, and greater extent given to social harmony.-But above all, a well constituted seminary in the centre of the nation is recommended by the consideration, that the additional instruction emanating from it, would contribute not less to strengthen the foundations, than to adorn the structure of our free and happy system of government.-Among the commercial abuses still committed under the American flag, and leaving in force my former references to that subject, it appears that American citizens are instrumental in car

have been uninterrupted, and to have become more firmly established.-With the Indian tribes, also, the peace and friendship of the United States are found to be so eligible, that the disposition to preserve both continues to gain strength.-I feel particular satisfaction in remarking that an interior view of our country presents us with grateful proofs of its substantial and increasing prosperity. To a thriving agriculture, and the improvements relating to it, is added a highly interesting extension of useful manufactures, the combined product of professional occupations, and of household industry. Such, indeed, is the experience of economy, as well as of policy, in these substitutes for supplies heretofore obtained by foreign commerce, that, in a national view, the change is justly regarded as of itself more than a recompence for those privations and losses resulting from foreign injustice, which furnished the general impulse required for its accomplishment. How far it may be expedient to guard the infancy of this improvement in the distribution of larying on a traffic in enslaved Africans, bour, by regulations of the commercial tariff, is a subject which cannot fail to suggest itself to your patriotic reflections. It will rest with the consideration of Congress also, whether a provident, as well as fair encouragement, would not be given to our navigation, by such regulations as will place it on a level of competition with foreign vessels, particularly in transporting the important and bulky productions of our own soil. The failure of equality and reciprocity in the existing regulations on this subject, operates, in our ports, as a pre-War and Secretary of the Navy will submium to foreign competition; and the inconvenience must increase as these may be multiplied under more favourable circumstances, by the more than countervailing encouragements now given them by the laws of their respective countries. Whilst it is universally admitted that a well-instructed people alone can be permanently a free people; and whilst it is evident that the means of diffusing and improving useful knowledge form so small a proportion of the expenditures for national purposes, I cannot presume it to be unseasonable to invite your attention to the advantages of superadding, to the means of education provided by the several States, a seminary of learning, instituted by the national Legislature, within the limits of their exclusive jurisdiction, the expence of which might be defrayed or reimbursed

equally in violation of the laws of humanity, and in defiance of those of their own country. The same just and benevolent motives which produced the interdiction in force against this criminal conduct, will doubtless be felt by Congress, in devising further means of suppressing the evil.-In the midst of uncertainties, necessarily connected with the great interests of the United States, prudence requires a continuance of our defensive and precautionary arrangements. The Secretary of

mit the statements and estimates which may aid Congress, in their ensuing provisions for the land and naval forces. The statements of the latter will include a view of the transfers, of appropriations in the naval expenditure, and the grounds on which they were made.-The fortifications for the defence of our maritime frontier, have been prosecuted according to the plan laid down in 1808. The works, with some exceptions, are completed, and furnished with ordnance. Those for the security of New York, though far advanced towards completion, will require a further time and appropriation. This is the case with a few others, either not completed, or in need of repairs.-The improvements, in quality and quantity, made in the manufactory of cannon; and of small arms, both at the public armories, and private factories, war

[54 rant additional confidence in the compe- | principles of war can be taught without actency of those resources, for supplying the tual war, and without the expense of extenpublic exigencies.-These preparations for sive and standing armies, have the precious arming the militia, having thus far provid-advantage of uniting an essential preparaed for one of the objects contemplated by tion against external danger, with a scruputhe power vested in Congress, with respect lous regard to internal safety. In no other to that great bulwark of the public safety, way, probably, can a provision of equal it is for their consideration, whether fur- efficacy, for the public defence, he made ther provisions are not requisite, for the at so little expence, or more consistently other contemplated objects, of organization with public liberty.-The receipts into the and discipline. To give to this great Treasury during the year ending on the mass of physical and moral force, the ef- 30th of September last (and amounting to ficiency which it merits, and is capable of more than eight millions and a half of dolreceiving, it is indespensible that they lars), have exceeded the current expenses should be instructed and practised in the of the Government, including the interest rules by which they are to be governed. of the public debt.-For the purpose of reTowards an accomplishment of this im-imbursing at the end of the year 3,759,000 portant work, I recommend, for the consideration of Congress, the expediency of a system, which shall, in the first instance, call into the field, at the public expence, and for a given time, certain portions of the commissioned and non-commissioned officers. The instruction and discipline thus acquired would gradually diffuse thro' the entire body of militia that practical knowledge and promptitude for actual service, which are the great ends to be pursued. Experience has left no doubt, either of the necessity, or of the efficacy of competent military skill, in those portions of an army, in fitting it for the final duties which it may have to perform.-The corps of engineers, with the military academy, are entitled to the early attention of Congress. The buildings at the seat fixt by law, for the present academy, are not so far in decay, as not to afford the necessary accommodatiou. But a revision of the law is recommended, principally with a view to a more enlarged cultivation and diffusion of the advantage of such institutions, by providing professorships for all the necessary branches of military instruction, and by the establishment of an additional academy, at the seat of government, or elsewhere. The means by which war, as well for defence, as for offence, are now carried on, render these schools of the most scientific operation an indispensible part of every adequate system. Senators I have ordered my Minister Even among nations whose large standing for Foreign Affairs to communicate to you armies and frequent wars afford every the several circumstances which occasion other opportunity of instruction, these the junction of Holland with the Empire. establishments are found to be indispensi--The Orders published by the British ble for the due attainment of the branches of military science, which require a regular course of study and experiment. In a government, happily without the other opportunities, seminaries where the elementary

dollars, of the principal, a loan, as authorised by law, had been negociated to that amount, but has since been reduced to 2,750,000 dollars; the reduction being permitted by the state of the Treasury, in which there will be a balance remaining at the end of the year, estimated at 2,000,000 dollars. For the probable receipts the next year, and other details, I refer to statements which will be transmitted from the Treasury, and which will enable you to judge what further proceedings may be necessary for the ensuing.-Reserving to future occasions, in the course of the Session, whatever other communications may claim your attention, I close the present, by expressing my reliance, under the blessing of Divine Providence, on the judgment and patriotism which will guide your measures, at a period particularly calling for united councils, and inflexible exertions, for the welfare of our country; and by assuring you of the fidelity and alacrity with which my co-operation will be afforded.

FRANCE.-Napoleon's Message to the Conservative Senate, laying before them a report of the State of the Empire, and of his measures relative to Holland, the North of Europe, England, Prisoners of War, the Valais, &c. 10th Dec. 1810.

Council in 1806 and 1807 have rent in pieces the public law of Europe. A new order of things governs the Universe. New securities becoming necessary to me, the junction of the mouths of the Scheldt,