the night] is a term used both for a rear-admiral, a patrole, and a mid-wife; and our scout, as spy, is the same word with the Dutch schout, in the above meaning. To scout a man out of society, is, like to shoulder him out of a room, to show him out of it, to direct him to leave it. I suspect the French term écout, and écouter, as well as the Latin aus cultare, to listen, to be upon the watch with the ear, to keep the ear upon the guard, belong to this stock. HORNE TOOKE derives shoulder from the Anglo-Saxon scylan, the Dutch scheelen, to separate, to divide; but that would do for any joint or divider of parts, and could never, by any conjuration, bring out either shoulder, schulder, or schouder. The word was formerly spelt, with us, schoude, which is the Dutch schoud, as shoulder.

"The due fashion of byrthe is this, first the head cometh forwarde, then foloweth the neck and SHOυdes.'

*

BYRTH OF MANKYNDE.

"When you rivet your pin into a hole, your pin must have а SHOULDER to it, thicker than the hole is wide, that the SHOULDER * slip not through the hole as well as the shank."

ΜΟΧΟΝ.

HORNE TOOKE also thinks our term shilling, the Dutch schelling, a silver piece of money, is corruptly written for shillen, as scylen, and so an aliquot part of a pound; but shilling is as schellingh, the participle present of schellen, to ring, to chink, as pure silver should when tried by that test, and thus as, nummus tinniens sono argenti solidi integrique. And schelm, as a notorious thief or rascal, is no other than the contraction of this schelling, as the making a noise in the world, by his villainous practices, and thus becoming notorious by them. And we say such a one is a notorious rascal or thief.

Here evidently as an extending prominence on each side; as the shoulders are.

" Lord Strutt's money shines as bright, and CHINKs as well, as that of Squire South,"-AnnuIHNOT,

"When not a guines CHINKED on Martin's boards,

And Atwill's self was drained of all his hoards."

SWIFT. "The particular RINGING sound in gold, distinct from the sound in other bodies, has no particular name."--Locke,

"People that hit upon a thought that tickles them, will be still bringing it in by HEAD AND SHOULDERS, over and over, in several companies."—L'ESTRANGE,

"They bring in even figure of speech, HEAD AND SHOULDERS, by main force, in spite of nature and their subject."-FELTON.

The word shoulder in the expression, shoulder of mutton, is in the sense of an arm of mutton, and thus in the ground sense of the word shoulder as above explained, but analogously extended to a sheep.

HEAD.

As in the phrases, he made head against his enemies; he made head against the storm; he gave his horse his head, &c.; and in the sense of he took means to defend guard, protect, preserve] himself against his enemies [the storm]; he left his horse to his own guardianship [care of himself], let him go his own way, the way he chose for his own safety. Hoede [huede]; q. e. custody, protection, guard, defence, safeguard, conservation, caution; with which our heed, formerly spelt hed and hede, is the same word.

"Sometimes has Henry Bolingbroke made HEAD * against my power."-SHAKSPEARE.

"Two valiant gentlemen making HEAD against them, seconded by half a dozen more, made forty run away."

"He gave his able horse the HEAD,
And bounding forward struck his agile heels
Against the panting sides of his poor jade,
Up to the rowel hilts,"

RALEIGH,

SHAKSPEARE.

Guarded himself [defended, protected, himself] against my power,

VOL. 11.

ARM.

As the limb that turns about by the shoulder joint, the same word as the Dutch and German arm, which is the contraction of arring, the antiquated participle present of arren, to turn, to turn upon, and thus as the turning limb, or that which turns by its joining. Hence also harre, a hinge. The Latin armus seems also to belong to this source. The arm of a tree, is simply as the turning of the tree at that point, and so is an arm of the sea [or river].

HEADSTRONG.

In the sense of ungovernable, unmanageable, furious. Heete's ster-wrongh; q. e. flying in a rage is stark mischief; becoming furious is sheer offence [wrong, grievance, injury]; fireing with passion, must lead to nothing but unmixed wrong. Heete is the participle present of heeten, to become heated, to grow warm, to wax hot, and thus as growing hot. S, is, is. Sterre, ster, stark, quite, immoveably. Wrongh, wronck, wrong injury.

"He ill aspires to rule

Cities of men or HEADSTRONG multitudes,
Subject himself to anarchy within."

MILTOS.

"How now my HEADSTRONG! Where have you been gadding, Where I have learnt me to repent the sin Of disobedient opposition."

SHAKSPEARE.

"An example of HEADSTRONG inconsiderate zeal, no less fearful than Achitophel from proud and irreligious wisdom." HOOLER.

JOHNSON resolves the term formally into head and strong; but what's that? a headstrong man is any thing but a strong headed man, and what else is to be made of the two words in their literal form?

Passmate, rash, furious, foaming, Heet dije; mounting into heat, noing up (coming] to a ft; wizing hot increasing to a stats sikum, froth; bringing on fury, hre, Heet, heat,

Dygen, dyjghan, diyden, to

pass, to promote, to grow up, of

djes the contracted participle present de geme Jonssow grounds the term in head, but the are, I hope, at least as many cool heads as Behance. Besides what has the word head to do at the phrase heady current? It is really treating head as if it were a fire-place or volcano, but even these are sometimes without signs of heat.

I with it of wins, which was goty 'd to be shyBo

A female sarecrow, an untuly slovenly female object, a disgustfully bediened woman; a woman rendered a fright by the arrangement or tawdriness Molskinne [as the feminized Molsk];

a scarecrow, a frightful figure, an object of the ratestow And motio binne has the precise sound of our pronunciation of malkin. Molik, is the travesty of Moloch, the

2

horrid king, to whose idol human sacrifices were offered; but, in the travesty, used in a ludicrous and contemptuous sense. Inne is a usual feminizing suffix; een god, a god, eene godinne, a goddess, een graaf, a count, eene gravinne, a countess, &c. Grimalkin, I take to have a same source, and the adjunct gri is the metathesis of giere, greedy, devouring; so that grimalkin, as the cat, is the devouring [greedy] terror of its peculiar prey, and the travesty of gieremolikinne; q. e. greedy scarecrow, frightener, or, probably, as the nearer sense of devourer of its live prey, and a trope of the blood-devouring monster. JOHNSON resolves malkin into mol, Mary, and kin, the diminutive termination; but why should little moll be necessarily a scarecrow or fright? The gri in grimalkin he construes into the French gris, grey, so that grimalkin would be as grey little Moll, and that the trope for a cat!

"First MOLOCH, horrid king, besmeared with blood
Of human sacrifice and parents tears,

Though for the noise of drums and timbrels loud,

Their children's cries unheard, that passed through fire
To this grim idol."

"The kitchen MALKIN pins

Her richest lockram' bout her reecky neck,
Climbing the walls to eye him."

MILTON.

SHAKSPEARE.

"GRIMALKIN to domestick vermin sworn
An everlasting foe, with watchful eye,
Lies nightly brooding o'er a chinky gap
Protending her fell claws, to thoughtless mice
Sure ruin."

PHILIPS.

TRASH.

Worthless stuff, matter of little value, rubbish, refuse, offal. 'Trys; q. e. the tops or shoots of bushes or hedges; that portion which is clipped off and treated as mere refuse, left to be trodden under foot as not worth taking away. Hence the verb to trash, in the sense of to clip [to lop, to crop, to