supplies from being sent to the army in Ireland, and it was reduced to straits. Availing himself of this, Charles secretly encouraged the officers to set forth remonstrances of their lamentable condition, and to use the language of despair. The opposite party complained that vessels with supplies were seized by the royal troops, and alleged that others were intercepted by secret intelligence given to the rebels; and it is extraordinary, indeed, that Charles himself commanded Ormonde-that individual had been bribed with a new title-to send him arms and ammunition, articles of which Ormonde himself loudly complained in public of not being sufficiently provided. The parliament sent commissioners to watch over Irish affairs, who even engaged their own credit for the supply of the troops, and made many judicious arrangements; but, under the colour that they had been sent without his authority by an assembly in rebellion against Charles, he commanded their departure from the island, and even issued orders to seize them on a charge of sedition, &c. Some of the justices and council strenuously opposed any cessation, for a peace durst not be entered into, and these were immediately displaced, and even threatened with an impeachment, on grounds which it was well known could never be substantiated. The lord-lieutenant was, on the same principles, detained in England. The officers in the army too, who opposed any agreement with the rebels, were discountenanced as disaffected to the king. All attempts to bribe the Scottish ge

neral, and seduce his army, proved ineffectual. The intrigues, however, failed to give a colour to the proceeding till September.-The fate of the English-Irish army, and the result of the cessation, shall be related in their place *.

*The statement of Mr. Hume on this subject, and he merely follows Carte, an author that makes the boldest assertions against evidence furnished by himself, is so extraordinary that it will be necessary to meet it. His statement is, that Charles was actuated by the laudable motive of saving the English-Irish army, (which was in the utmost straits,) as well as his Protestant subjects, and that then he naturally employed the army against the parliament. Now, the first commission to Ormonde to hear the complaints of the confederated Irish, is dated the 11th of January, (Carte's Ormonde, vol. iii. p. 117, 118,) and yet it appears, by a letter to Ormonde on the 12th of that month, or next day, that Serjeant-major Warren had been previously instructed to carry to Ormonde his majesty's commands for peace, and do other work. Along with this letter there is a memorial for the treaty," that,” says Charles, "honour and public safety may go along WITH MY PARTICULAR INTERESTS, which I permit you to communicate according to your discretion. For the rest, I have given so full instructions to this trusty bearer that I need say no more." (Appendix to Life of Ormonde, p. 1.) Yet this trusty bearer, the king mentions, knew nothing of Warren's message. Warren seems to have been dispatched in November; and one object was, to dispose the officers of the army to the king's service, and encourage them to complain. Accordingly, on the 19th December, Ormonde writes to Secretary Nicholas, that Warren himself, with others, had formally made a complaint, (vol. iii. p. 130,) but he takes care not to allude to the secret instructions; and here I must observe, that it is perfectly evident, by collating letters, &c. that both the king, Orinonde, and others of the royal correspondents, used in their dispatches a style which imported something very different from what privately passed. Compare the letters in the Appendix to the Life of Ormonde, and what we have quoted from the Appendix to Clarendon's History of the Irish Rebellion, with those in vol. iii. of Carte's Ormonde. On the 2d of February, Charles writes, "I am glad to see, by yours of the 18th of January, that you are ready to put those propositions in execution which I made to you by Serjeant-major

Death of
Pym.

In December this year, the parliament and people sustained a great loss in the death of Pym, whose poverty at his decease put a period to the ceaseless charges of the royalists, that he was amassing an immense fortune at

Warren, assuring you, that that service shall not be hindered by the arrival of a more powerful head." (This, of course, was Leicester, the lord-lieutenant, who was purposely kept in England by Charles.) "And I earnestly desire you (for many reasons, which I have not time now to set down) to send me word, with all speed, the particulars of this business, as how, when, and in what measure it will be done, as likewise what use they will make of Mr. Bourke's dispatch in relation to it. Accommodation is much spoken of here, I having yesterday received propositions from the parliament; but those that see them will hardly believe that the propounders have any intention of peace; for certainly no less power than His, who made the world of nothing, can draw peace out of these articles." (This evinces with what disposition the treaty of Oxford was entered into.) "Therefore, I leave you to judge what hope there is for you to receive supplies from hence, which you should not want were it in the power of," &c. On the 8th, he writes-" I am glad that mine of the 12th of January are come to your hands, and that you will lose no time in the prosecution of that business, commanding you to slacken nothing in it, whatsoever the Justices may say or do. I would not this way seem to doubt your diligence in obeying my commands, but that I find, towards the conclusion of your letter, that the justices intend to desire of me a stop of the execution of that commission; and I know that I need not bid you hinder, as much as you may, the concurrence of my Protestant subjects. This last of yours, if I be not deceived, shews me clearly that my commands by Major Warren are very feasible; wherefore I desire you earnestly to lose no time in that neither, and that you would, with all speed, send me Warren over, very particularly instructed, which way and when I may expect the performance of that business, with all the circumstances conducing to it." Vol. ii. App. p. 2, 3. See further, a letter on the 22d, and one on St. Patrick's day, in which he says-" Besides what you will receive in answer to your last dispatch by my secretary, I must add this, to desire you to send to Chester as many muskets as you can spare, with all expedition. I would wish 2000, and likewise forty barrels of powder to the same place." And on the 23d of March he writes, "I

the public expense; but a new calumny succeeded, that he had been cut off for his iniquity by the loathsome disease, morbus pedicularis, with which Sylla had been affected--a disease which has absurdly be enascribed to many *. His body was

have so fully intructed this trusty bearer, that I add nothing, but only by way of memorandum, that the Lord Forbes's fleet is to be seized" (this lord commanded troops from Scotland to suppress the Irish rebels,)" whether there be peace with the Irish rebels or not; but not to be undertaken except you be more than competent to do it: And if there be peace in Ireland, then my Irish army is to come over with all speed to assist me, and not else, except I send you word." Ib.Now, if this be considered, along with the plot with Antrim, and the whole correspondence in the third volume of Carte's Ormond, it will set matters in a very strange light. See from p. 130 to 266. It appears by a letter from Digby to Ormonde, 29th November, that Antrim, who had been liberated by the interposition of the king, (see p. 213,) had returned to his old project; and yet it was in January following, that the commission which is in the Clarendon Papers was granted to him. See Borlace's Ireland, p. 103, 104, 111 112, 114, 121, 128, 129, 135. See Clar. vol. iii. p. 159, et seq. Rush. vol. v. p. 348, et seq. Whoever will attend to what we have quoted and referred to, and to what we have formerly proved on this subject, will not entertain a doubt on the matter. The very fact, indeed, that Charles wished a pretext for bringing over the English-Irish army to England, and thence encouraged the officers to complain, and that he had projected the introduction of the Irish rebels long before the cessation, affords a presumption which is insurmountable. Carte, who abuses all who opposed the royal designs, charges Monro, who refused an earldom, and upwards of £2000 per annum, as a bribe to join Charles, with having indifferently plundered friend and foe; but it is strange that the Protestants did not complain.

* Rush. vol. v. p. 376. Whitelocke, p. 69. Clarendon, vol. iii. p. 462. Journals of the Commons. See Letters in third volume of Carte's Ormonde. The malice of Clarendon makes him repeat the silly tale (which he probably assisted to invent) regarding the cause of Pym's death, and endeavour to destroy his character for integrity by a story which, like the other, only reflects against himself; that one of the witnesses against Strafford, "an Irishman of very mean and

exposed for some time, to refute the groundless clamour. It was believed, that the load of business, with anxiety for the public service, overpowered a naturally infirm constitution at an advanced period of life. His debts were paid by the parliament.

low condition, afterwards acknowledged, that being brought to him as an evidence of one part of the charge against the lord-lieutenant, in a particular of which a person of so vile quality would not be reasonably be thought a competent informer, Mr. Pym gave him money to buy a satin suit and cloak, in which equipage he appeared at the trial, and gave his evidence." Now surely, if this person of vile quality was not worthy of credit, upon his oath against Strafforde, he should not, on his bare word, have been believed against Pym, when the restoration (for that undoubtedly was the "afterwards") had put all power in the hands of Clarendon's own party. But who was this witness? What did he swear to? To whom did he make this important disclosure? Clarendon is prudently silent as to all this. The same writer denies the great natural talents of Pym, and alleges that they were not much adorned with art; but he admits his capacity for business, and allows that " he had a very comely and grave way of expressing himself, with great volubility of words, natural and proper." But see what Baillie says of his powerful eloquence, in his Journal of Strafforde's Trial.