New Lattakoo, to the westward of Delago Bay. My Hottentots never having seen or heard of an animal with one horn of so great a length, cut off its head, and brought it bleeding to me upon the back of an ox. From its great weight, and being about twelve hundred miles from the Cape of Good Hope, I was obliged to reduce it by cutting off the under-jaw. The Hottentots cut up the rest of the animal for food, which, with the help of the natives, they brought on the The backs of oxen to Mashow. horn, which is nearly black, is exactly three feet long, projecting from the forehead about nine or ten inches above the nose. From the nose to the ears measured three feet. There is a small horny projection of about eight inches immediately behind the great horn, designed for keeping fast or steady whatever is penetrated by the great horn. There is neither hair nor wool on the skin, which is the colour of brown snuff. The animal was well known to the natives. It is a species of the Rhinoceros; but if I'may judge of its bulk from the size of its head, it must have been much larger than any of the seven Rhinoceroses which my party shot, one of which measured eleven feet from the tip of the nose to the root of the tail. The skull and horn excited great curiosity at the Cape. Most were of opinion that it was all we should have for the Unicorn. An animal the size of a horse, which the fancied unicorn is supposed to be, would not answer the description of the Unicorn given by Job, chap. 39, verse 9, et seq., but in every part of that descrip tion this animal exactly answers REPORT relative to the Mov- Royal DublinSociety-House, July 10,1821. In compliance with the request of the Royal Dublin Society, I have visited the moving bog of Kilmaleady; and finding on my return to Dublin to-day, that very erroneous notions, respecting its magnitude and destructive effects, have been entertained, I think it my duty immediately to communicate to you, for the information of the society, some account of the nature and extent of this once alarming pheno menon. The bog of Kilmaleady, from whence the eruption broke out, situated about two miles to the north of the village of Clara, in King's County, is of considerable extent; it may probably contain about 590 acres; in many parts it is 40 feet in depth; and it is considered to be the wettest bog in the county. It is bounded on all sides, except the south, by steep ridges of high land, which are composed at the top, of limestone gravel, and beneath of cavernous limestone-rock, containing subterraneous streams; but the southern face of the bog is open to a moory valley, about a quarter of a mile in breadth, which for nearly half a mile in length, takes a southern direction in the lands of Lisanisky, and then turns at right angles to the west, and continues gradually widening for upwards of two miles. Throughout the centre of this valley flows a stream about twelve feet in breadth, which serves as a discharge for the waters from the bog and surrounding country, and finally joins the river Brusna, above the bridge of Ballycumber. The bog of Kilmaleady, like all other deep and wet bogs, is composed, for the first eight or ten feet from the surface downward, of a reddish brown spongy mass, formed of the still undecomposed fibres of the bog moss (sphagnum palustre) which by capillary attraction absorbs water in great quantity. Beneath this fibrous mass, the bog gradually becomes pulpy, till, at length, towards the bottom, it assumes the appearance, and, when examined, the consistence of a black mud, rather heavier than water. The surface of the bog of Kilmaleady, was elevated upwards of 20 feet above the level of the valley, from which it rose at a steep angle; and its external face, owing to the uncommon dryness of the season, being much firmer than usual, the inhabitants of the vicinity were enabled to sink their turf holes, and cut turf at a depth of at least ten feet beneath the surface of the valley, and in fact, until they reached the blue clay which forms the substratum of the bog. Thus the faces of many of the turf banks reached the unusual height of 30 feet perpendicular; when at length, on the 19th day of June, the lower pulpy and muddy part of the bog, which possesses little cohesion, being unable to resist the great pressure of water from behind, gave way, and being once set in motion, floated the upper part of the bog, and continued to move with astonishing velocity along the valley to the southward, forcing before it not only the clumps of turf on the edge of the bog, but even patches of the moory meadows, to the depth of several feet, the grassy surface of which heaved and turned over almost like the waves of the ocean; so that in a very short space of time the whole valley, for the breadth of almost a quarter of a mile between the bog-edge and the base of the hill of Lisanisky, was covered with bog to a depth of from eight to ten feet, and appeared every where studded with green patches of moory meadow. The hill of Lisanisky retarded the progress of the bog for some time; but at length it began to flow at right angles to its first course along the valley, where it turned to the west, and continued with unabated rapidity until it reached the bog road of Kilbride, (which runs directly across the valley, and is elevated five or six feet above it), and choked up the bridge through which the waters of the stream pass. This barrier retarded the progress of the bog for five days: at the end of that time, the accumulation was such from the still moving bog and the waters of the stream, that it flowed over the road, and covered the valley to the south of it for about half a mile, flowing with varied velocity, till it was again stopped for a few hours (as I understand) by a second road across the valley, leading from Clara to Woodfield: having also overcome this obstacle, it proceeded slowly westward, and if its progress had not been checked by the very judicious means that have been em ployed, the whole extent of the valuable meadows, which compose the valley where it expands to the westward, must long since have been covered. But when the flowing bog had passed over the road of Kilbride, and the consternation in the country became general, at the desire of the lords justices, Mr. Gregory employed Mr. Killaly, engineer of the directors general of inland navigation, to carry into execution any works that could be devised to arrest the progress of the bog. Mr. Killaly at once perceived that the only feasible remedy was to draw off the water that had accumulated; and to accomplish this end he employed a number of labourers to open the course of the stream where it was choaked up, and also the drains through the valley that could be directed into the stream. By this means the head of the water was soon lowered, and in consequence the bog ceased to flow, and all the loose masses which floated on the river, were broken to pieces by labourers placed at intervals throughout its course. Such was the situation of affairs on my arrival at the bog early on Saturday morning. During the course of the day, I exerted my self to carry into execution the well-advised plans which had previously been commenced by Mr. Killaly. Towards evening, the floating masses which came down the river began to lessen considerably both in size and number; and finding every thing proceeded with regularity and certainty, I thought it useless to remain longer. At present I entertain no ap prehension of further devastation from the bog, except in the event of a very great fall of rain during the present week. Slight rains would be of service to increase the current of water, and facilitate the removal of a considerable deposit of heavy, black bog mud, which at present fills the bottom of the stream. The general current, has, however, been much increased by the breaking down of the weirs on the river Brusna, below the junction of the bog river. I shall now describe the present appearance and state of the bog and moory valley. In the centre of the bog, for the space of about a mile and a half in length, and a quarter of a mile in breadth, a valley has been formed, sloping at the bottom from the original surface of the bog, to the depth of 20 feet, where the eruption first took place. In this valley or gulf there are numberless concentric cuts or fissures, filled with water nearly to the top. The valley between the edge of the bog and the road of Kilbride, for the length of half a mile, and an extent of between 60 and 80 acres, may be considered as totally destroyed. It is covered by tolerably firm bog, from six to ten feet in depth, consisting at the surface, of numberless green islands, composed of detached parts of the moory meadows, and of small rounded patches of the original heathy surface of the bog, varying from two to ten feet above its former course, so as to flow over the road. Beyond the road to Kilbride the bog has flowed for one mile westward, and covered from 50 to 70 acres; in this part the heathy patches of bog gradually lessen in quantity; the green is lands disappear, and nothing is observed but a thin deposit, consisting of granulated black bogmud, varying from one to three feet in thickness. This, though destructive for the present year, may when dry be burnt, and re moved for manure to the neighbouring uplands, or left on the spot to fertilize the valley. Thus the whole distance which the bog has flowed is about three miles in length, namely, one mile and a half in the bog, and the same distance over the moory valley: and the extent covered amounts to about 150 acres. GEOGRAPHY, ASTRONOMY, &c. New Shelland.-IN October, 1819, the brig Williams, of Blythe, in Northumberland, Smith, master, on a voyage from Buenos Ayres to Valparaiso, stretching to the south, from contrary winds, discovered land, on which the captain landed, and performed the usual formalities of taking possession, in the name of his late majesty, George III. On reaching Valparaiso, and reporting his discovery, and the abundance of seals which frequent its shores, a survey was ordered by captain Shirreff, of the Andromache; and the report reaching England, several vessels were fitted out, whose success has given a stimulus to other adventurers.-The extent of country explored from East to West, from Clarence Isle to Smith's Cape, is from 54 to 64 deg. west long., and from 61 to 64 deg. south lat., and the land is seen to the southward, as far as the eye can reach. The country already explored consists of numerous islands, without a vestage of vegetation. A species of moss only is found upon the rocks near the shore; eternal snows covering the more remote parts, which are mountainous. Although Nature, in those regions, assumes the most sterile and forbidding features, the thermometer was at no time below the freezing point; but the melting snows near the shore so completely saturate the soil as to check all vegetation. A species of coal was found in abundance, which burnt very well, thus affording the means, if wanted, of replenishing the fuel. The rise and fall of the tide is about twelve feet. Shrimps and penguins are beyond all conception numerous. The islands, headlands, &c. have been named, and the observations ascertaining the latitude and longitude, from repeated experi ments, found true; so that we may soon hope to see a correct chart, from the surveys which have been taken, on the arrival of captain Smith, in the Blythe, who is shortly expected.-Part of an anchor-stock, evidently Spanish, being bolted with copper, and bearing certain marks, was found on shore, and is presumed to be the only vestige now remaining of a 74-gun ship of that nation, which sailed from Spain, Gelatinous Meteor at Amherst in Massachusets.-On the 13th of August, 1819, between eight and nine o'clock in the evening, a fireball, of the size of a large blown bladder, and of a brilliant white light, was seen in the atmosphere. It fell near a house, and was examined by Rufus Graves, esq.formerly lecturer of chemistry at Dartmouth College. It was of a circular form, resembling a solid dish, bottom upwards, about eight inches in diameter, and about one in thickness, of a bright buff colour, with a fine nap upon it, similar to that in milled cloth. On removing this nap, a buff coloured pulpy substance, of the consistence of soft soap, 'appeared, having an offensive suffocating smell, producing nausea and giddiness. After a few minutes exposure to the air, the buff-colour was changed into a livid colour, resembling venous blood. It attracted moisture readily from the air. A quantity of it in a tumbler soon liquified, and formed a mucilaginous substance, of the consistence, colour, and feeling of starch, when prepared for domestic use. The tumbler was then set in a safe place, where it remained undisturbed for two or three days, and it was found to have all evaporated, except a small dark-coloured residuum adhering to the bottom and sides of the glass, which, when rubbed between the fingers, produced about a thimbleful of a fine ash-coloured powder, without taste or smell. With concentrated and diluted muriatic and nitric acids, no chemical action was observed, and the matter remained unchanged. With the concentrated sulphuric ácid, a violent effervescence ensued, a gas was evolved, and the whole substance nearly dissolved. Volcanic Appearance in the Moon." On Sunday evening, the 4th February," says captain Henry Kater, "I observed a luminous spot in the dark part of the moon, which I was inclined to ascribe to the eruption of a volcano. The telescope used was an excellent Newtonian of 64 inches aperture, with a power of 74. The moon was exactly two days old, and the evening so clear, that I was able to discern the general outlines in the dark part of her disc. Her western azimuth was about 70°, and her altitude about 10 degrees. In this position at |