to and fro of the two ends of the ship on the waves before it goes to pieces. The impulse given by the oars, aided by the movement of the water, had driven it partially across the bank (dorsum), so that both the forward and hinder part are thrown one way and another by the action of the waves, for a few moments, and then the hull, in consequence of the pressure and strain at the extremities, breaks in the midst and goes to pieces.- -319. Herculis arma; that is, the clava.- -325. Nova gaudia; the newest love; in apposition with Clytium.334. Steterunt; the penult here is short. -345. Curibus; from Cures.- -350. Boreae de gente suprema; of the most ancient race of Boreas. 362-438. Pallas, the son of Evander, sees the Arcadian cavalry turning their backs, and hastens to rally them to the fight. He sets them the example of heroism, while on the other side Lausus, the son of Mezentius, slays several of the Arcadians, Etrus. cans, and Trojans. 362. Parte ex alia; that part of the field where Aeneas had directed the Arcadian and Etruscan cavalry to await his landing. See above, 238. It seems to have been on the banks of a dry torrent, too rocky and broken for cavalry. Pallas has left Aeneas on landing and hastened to take command of his own portion of the cavalry, which has been obliged to dismount on account of the nature of the ground, and thus to fight on foot, acies inferre pedestres.- -366. Quis; here translated as iis, them.- -Quando, since, connects this clause to the foregoing dare terga. Quis alone would have sufficed to indicate the causal relation, but quando is added for greater distinctness, though the construction is anomalous.- -378. Deest; here a monosyllable.- -382. Trojam; the camp of the Trojans.-383. Dabat lengthens the final syllable.- -384. Quem; Pallas.- -Non super occupat Hisbo; does not surprise him while thus engaged. Ladewig writes superoccupat. -385. Ille; Hisbo. See on ille, i. 3.—394. Caput lengthens the final syllable.- -396. Semianimes; sem-yan-i-mes.-399. Praeter; join with fugientem; flying along by him.—405. Optato; according to his wish. -412. Se-arma; he completely covers himself with his shield.- -426. Perterrita; for perterreri.—432. Extremi—acies; those on the outside or in the rear of the others make the ranks dense by crowding forward into the fight. 439-509. Turnus, warned by his sister, Juturna, hastens to the aid of Lausus and the Latins. He fights with Pallas, who is slain, and borne from the field by his friends. 439. Soror; the Nymph Juturna, sister of Turnus. See xii. 138 sqq. -444. Aequore jusso; from the required ground; from the ground which he had commanded them to leave. The common construction would have been jussi.—448. Tyranni; of the prince; Turnus. Comp. vii. 266.449. Spoliis opimis. See on vi. 855.- -458. Ire; historical infinitive.463. Victorem ferant; may the dying eyes of Turnus support, or be com pelled to endure the sight of me victorious over him.-466. Genitor; Jupiter.Natum; Hercules.-476, 477. Summa tegmina; the top of the covering; Forbiger understands by this the upper part of the corslet, where it covers the shoulder, here the left shoulder. The spear having already made its way (viam molita) through the border of the shield, grazed (strinxit) the body of Turnus, but inflicted no serious wound because of the obstruc tion afforded both by the shield and corselet in which it had spent the greater part of its force.- -478. De corpore is for aliquid de corpore, a part of the body.486. Ille Pallas.- -492. Meruit; the subject, according to Heyne, followed by Gossrau, Forbiger, and others, is ille, referring to Pallas; I send back Pallas to thee such as he has deserved to be (dead) by engaging in this war and venturing to combat with me.- -496. Baltei; dissyllable.497. Impressum nefas; the impious deed wrought upon it; that is, the murder of the husbands of the Danaides. See Class. Dict. 510-605. Aeneas in another part of the field hears of the death of Pallas, and furiously seeks Turnus, cutting his way through the enemy, and slaying many of the bravest. Ascanius at the same time leads forth the Trojan youth from within the camp. 519. Quos immolet; that he may slay them. See xi. 81 sqq. It was the custom of ancient heroes to sacrifice captives at the tombs or on the funeral piles of their friends killed in battle; thus Achilles does at the funeral pyre of Patroclus. Il. xxi. 26-28. See also on iii. 321-323.- -541. Ingenti umbra tegit; covers him with the vast shadow of death. This is Wagner's interpretation. Some prefer Heyne's, which refers umbra to the broad shadow cast by Aeneas and his large shield over the body of his victim.542. Lecta; gathered; taken from the body by Aeneas.- -Gradive; an epithet of Mars.- -Tropaeum. See wood-cut at the head of Notes on the eleventh book.- -545. Dardanides; Aeneas.- -552. Ille; Aeneas.553. Loricam-impedit; Jahn understands by this that Aeneas, by thrusting his spear into the shield and corselet of Tarquitus, holds these so fixed that he cannot protect his throat from the blow of the sword.- -556. Super; moreover.- -558. Patrioque-sepulcro; nor shall cover thy limbs with a sepulchre of thy native land; literally, with the ancestral sepulchre.564. Amyclis; Amyclae; a town west of Caieta, not existing in the time of Virgil.- -565. Aegaeon; otherwise called Briareus.- -581. Diomedis. See i. 97, and note.- -586. Telo; with his weapon; Lucagus bends for. ward to strike and spur the horses with the point of his sword, while preparing to meet Aeneas. 606-688. Jupiter suffers Juno to delay the death of Turnus, and she rescues him from the field by sending a phantom in the form of Aeneas, which Turnus pursues until it leads him into a ship. This immediately conveys him away. In despair he is borne to Ardea, 610. Non-viris; said ironically.613. Si-foret; with our reading the apodosis must be supplied, non hic rerum status esset; or else si must be taken in the optative sense, "O that." Others prefer by changing the punctuation to make the following clause, non, etc., the apodosis.————693. Me-sentis; and if it is your understanding that I thus arrange this. If this, and this only, the postponement of his death, is the thought you entertain, -628. Quid; After gravaris with no ulterior and secret purpose-you can be indulged.elliptical; what matter would it be? or what would hinder? supply dare. This is said by Juno in a resigned and winning manner, half hoping, half fearing. -649. Thalamos; an allusion to the proposed marriage of Aeneas and Lavinia.- -652. Gaudia; his joyful hope. He does not see that his hope is vain, that the air bears it away.- -655. Clusinis; the ship was one of those commanded by Massicus, (see above, 166,) and under the immediate command of the prince, Osinius.- -663. Illum; Turnus. -669. Expendere; supply me.-—————— -672. Quid; object of faciet understood.681, 682. Sese mucrone induat; a bolder form for se mucroni, or in mucronem induat; he should pierce himself through and through with the sword; that he should, as it were, clothe or cover the blade with his body. 689-754. The deeds of Mezentius, and of some other heroes less distinguished. 689. Jovis monitis; by the impulse of Jupiter.- -698, 699. Latagum os faciemque; he strikes Latagus on the mouth and face; the Greek construction, in which the accusative of the whole object is accompanied by an accusative of the particular part affected.- -700. Segnem; inactive; helpless. -704. Face. See on vii. 320.- -706. Ignarum; here used passively; unknown; a stranger.-70%. Ille calls special attention beforehand to the subject, aper.—708. Vesulus; now Monte Viso, a mountain of the Alpine chain on the confines of Liguria, from which rises the Po.-716. Quibus Irae; both in the dative. See Gr. § 227.————720. Grains; so called under the prevailing belief that Cortona or Corythus was founded by the Pelasgi. -725. Surgentem in cornua; for surgentem cornibus; towering with his horns. –731. Infracta; broken; i. e. broken in the wound.- -732. Fugientem; from behind; Orodes is not running away from Mezentius, but pursuing some of the Rutulians, and pushing forward in a direction which left Mezentius in his rear. The latter scorns to attack Orodes at a disadvantage. -733. Caecum; unseen; if it should be inflicted from behind.—754. Fallente. See on ix. 572. 755-832. While the gods witness the still equal conflict, Mezentius at length is met by Aeneas and wounded, but effects a retreat through the interference of Lausus, his brave son. Lausus, in vain urged by Aeneas to desist from the combat, is finally slain by the hero, who deplores his fate. 764, 765. Maxima stagna; the vast depths. See on i. 126.- -766, 767. Aut (quum) ingreditur, etc.; or when he both walks on the ground, &c.774, 775. I consecrate thee thyself, Lausus, as a trophy, covered with the spoils torn from the body of the robber Aeneas. Lausus was thus to be as a living trophy. A trophy, in the proper sense of the word, was the trunk of a tree erected and covered with the arms of the slain. See xi. 5 sqq., and wood-cut.—781. Alieno; here, intended for another.—786. Vires hand pertulit; it (the spear) did not convey its force; its force was spent in passing through the various and firmly wrought materials of the shield.—794. Ille; Mezontius -Inutilis; helpless.-Inque ligatus; by tmesis for illigatusque; and fastened; i. e. to the spear, which has penetrated his loin. —799. Sustinuit; bore up against (Aeneas) himself.—811. Majoraque, etc.; supply quid; and why do you dare things greater than your strength? 832-908. Mezentius meanwhile having retreated to the bank of the river, soon hears the tidings of his son's death. No longer able to fight on foot, he returns to the field mounted on his horse, and again encountering Aeneas, he is slain. 838. Colla fovet; rests his neck.———Barbam ; Greek acc. limiting fusus. -842. Ingenti vulnere victum; laid low by a mighty wound.————854. Omnes per mortes, etc.; (would) that I had given up my guilty life by every form of death; to death by every form of suffering. For the optative use of the pluperfect, comp. iv. 678.—869. Caput; Greek acc.————875. So may that father of the gods, so great Apollo do; may they effect that we, according to thy desire, may now join in combat.- —880. Horremus; plural for the singular.Nec-ulli; nor do I regard any of the gods; so as through fear of them to abstain from this contest.- -884. Ingenti gyro; he rides round and round Aeneas with the utmost speed, and at the distance of a javelinshot. 887. Silvam; the forest of darts adhering to the front of his shield. –889. Iniqua; Aeneas fought on foot.—892. Calcibus; best understood here of the fore feet.-893. Super; preposition here governing equitem.-894. Ejecto armo; with his leg thrown out, or stretched forth. This interpretation is preferred by the best commentators to that which joins ejecto with equiti understood. Ladewig translates ejecto, dislocated. The passage, 892-894, may be thus rendered: "The horse throws himself upward, and paws the air with his hoofs, and, casting off his rider, falls himself upon him, binding him to the ground, and, prostrate, resting upon him with his extended shoulder."—897. Super; adverb; moreover; as in 556. Nemesis Tropaeum. BOOK XI. Funeral honors to the dead, the truce, renewal of hos tilities, and death of Camilla. 1-99. Aoneas erects a trophy with the arms of Mezentius, and directs his followers to be ready at any moment to march against Laurentum. He then dismisses Acoetes, the aged attendant of Pallas, with the body of his slain master, and selects a thousand men to escort it to the home of Evander. 1. Interea. Comp. x. 1.- -3. Praecipitant curae; cares urge him.Funere; the reference is to the funeral rites of his fallen companions, and especially to those of Pallas. -4. Solvebat; for the combination of the -perfect and imperfect tenses in the same sentence, comp. ii. 1.—9. Tela trunca; the broken weapons; of Mezentius.-15. Quod superest; as to what remains; as to the remainder of the war. Comp. ix. 157.- -16. Manibus est; this, even such as this, is Mezentius by my deed; by my hands nothing of the proud Mezentius has been left but this trophy here.-20. Adnuerint sup. ; when first the gods shall have directed. As soon as the auspices shall have sanctioned a renewal of the conflict. For the usage of the tenses here, see Z. 496, 5.- -23. Sub Acheronte; in Hades.- -30. Positum. Comp. ii. 644, and note.- -31. Parrhasio. Comp. viii. 844.33. Comes datus ibat; had been assigned as companion. Comp. ii. 704, vi. 159, viii. 466, et al. Ibat is a lively substitute for erat in this phrase.Alumno; for filio.—44. Neque; for neve. See Gr. § 262, R. 7, n. 4; Z. § 535.- -47. Imperium; Heyne understands the promised conquest and dominion of Latium; Peerlkamp merely the command of the Tyrrhenian |