postquam.- -892. Quo quemque modo. Comp. iii. 459.-893-896. This description of two gates by which visions ascend to the upper world is derived by Virgil from the Odyssey, xix. 562-567. It is inserted here by the poet, interrupting for a moment the regular narrative, in order to explain beforehand the expression porta eburna, which is to follow.-Veris umbris; to real shades; actual ghosts of the dead which appear to men in dreams and visions of the night. Comp. iv. 386.-Falsa; but (by this ivory gate) the Manes send false visions to the upper world (caelum.) The infernal powers send up unreal and deceptive phantoms to mislead men.

-897-899. Translate the passage thus: then, when Anchises has addressed (addresses) Aeneas and the Sibyl in these words, (the words given in the foregoing instructions,) and has sent them forth by the ivory gate, he (Aeneas) speeds his way to the ships and joins again his companions. Anchises conducts Aeneas and the Sibyl to the ivory gate as the one which affords the easiest and quickest ascent to the upper world. They are thus saved the toil of reascending by the way they came, which, according to the words of the Sibyl, 128, 129, would have been a work of great labor. -Tum connects this sentence back to verse 892; the narrative having been interrupted by the description of the two gates.-Prosequitur and emittit are in the present for the perfect after ubi, like věnit after quum, i. 697.900. Caietae; now Gaeta, on the coast between Naples and Terracina.- -Recto limite; in a direct course. Wagner prefers the more usual reading, recto litore, which may be rendered, directly along the shore.

Arrival of Aeneas in Latium, and commencement of hostilities between the Latins and Trojans.

1-36. Aeneas buries his nurse on a promontory of Latium, which he names after her, Caieta. He then sails by the promontory of Circeium, the abode of the sorceress Circe, enters the mouth of the Tiber, and disembarks on the Laurentine bank of the river.

-3.

1. Tu quoque; thou also; as well as Misenus and Palinurus. See vi. 232, 381. The place where Caieta was buried is now called Gaeta.Nunc; now; even in the poet's times.- -Sedem; for sepulcrum. The passage may be rendered, and even now thy honored name keeps thy restingplace (in memory,) and the designation marks thy ashes. The name of the place, Caieta, is the honos; this preserves the memory of her burial-place.

-Ossaque nomen signat more distinctly expresses the idea contained in servat honos sedem.-10. Circaeae terrae; the promontory of Circeium, on the coast of Latium, called in iii. 386, insula Circae. Homer, Od. x. 135, designated the dwelling-place of Circe as an island.-11. Solis filia; Circe.

-11, 12. Lucos resonat; makes the groves resound. The verb is used transitively. Comp. sonat, below, 84.- -13. Nocturna in lumina; to illuminate the night; for nocturnal lights; in denoting an object or end.

15. Exaudiri; historical infinitive.- -18. Formae luporum; for lupi. Comp. v. 822.- -20. Terga ferarum. Comp. i. 635.- -21. Quae monstra talia; such fearful transformations as these; literally, which such prodigies. -27. Posuere; supply se; were calmed. Comp. x. 103.-28. Tonsae; the oars; arbores is understood.For the case, see Gr. § 245, ii. 3.

-33. Alveo; pronounced here alv-yo. -35. Flectere; instead of ut flectant.

37-44. Second invocation to the muse, at the opening of the second grand division of the poem, which describes the battles of the Trojans and Italians, under Aeneas and Turnus.

37. Reges; such as Latinus, Turnus, and Mezentius.-Erato; the name of one of the muses for the general term muse. So often Calliope, Melpomene, &c.Tempora rerum; circumstances; supply fuerint. For the mode, see Gr. § 265; Z. § 504.—39. Exercitus; squadron; the real sense seems to be the body of men on board the ships, destined to form the army on land.- -42. Actos animis; impelled by passion.- -45. Moveo; 1 enter upon. Comp. i. 262.

45-106. Latinus, the king of Latium, had an only daughter, whom his queen, Amata, had destined for the hand of Turnus, chief of the Rutulians. But before the arrival of the Trojans, Latinus had been warned by the oracle at Albunea that his daughter was to marry a foreign prince.

46. Regebat; had been ruling.47. Fauno; a deified prince of ancient Latium, regarded as a god of shepherds, as well as a god of prophecy. He was identified by the Greeks and later Romans with the Grecian Pan.- -Marica; a river nymph who was worshipped as the guardian deity of the Liris, near Minturnae. She is here called Laurentian, or Latian, because Latium was bounded at one period by the Liris.

EPAT TAATPIAN

Erato.

-48. Accipimus; we learn by tradition; and no doubt this is a genuine Italian tradition, unmixed with the fables of the Greeks, which confounded Saturnus, Faunus, Mavors, and other Italian deities with their Kronos, Pan, Ares, &c.- -51. Primaque-est; but he (virilis proles) when growing up was snatched away in early youth. -que has here the force of "and indeed," or "but."- -52. Tantas sedes; so great a kingdom.-Filia; Lavinia.-56. Regia conjux; Amata.- -59. Laurus; as in the palace of

Priam. See ii. 512 sq.

-68. Externum; as the bees had come through the air, trans aethera, and not from the immediate neighborhood, the arrival of foreigners was portended; as they had settled upon the summit of the sacred laurel, this indicated the occupation of the palace and kingdom by the strangers.69. Partes easdem; the same quarter to which the bees have directed their course. -70. Dominarier. Gr. § 162, 6; Z. § 162.

-74. Ornatum, comas, coronam; in respect to her apparel, &c. See on oculos, i. 228.- 77. Vulcanum; fire; as in ii. 311.-78. Ferri; was noised abroad.- –79. Canebant; they (i. e. the prophets) foretold.—80. Portendere; it portended.—81. Oracula Fauni. The oracle of the prophetic Faunus was in a grove near the fountain of Albunea, a deified prophetess, to whom a sulphurous fountain had been consecrated near Tibur, or Tivoli. The name is applied both to the nymph and the fountain. -82, 83. Sub alta Albunea; under the height from which the fountain of Albunea descended. 83, 84. Nemorum-sonat; which makes great woods resound with her sacred fountain. In this translation, which corresponds to that of Ladewig, maxima nemorum is a partitive expression for maxima nemora, governed by sonat as a transitive verb; a mode of disposing of the passage, at least, as satisfactory as any which has been proposed. The last explanation of Heyne, approved by Forbiger, makes maxima in apposition with quae, and supplies aquarum; thus: Albunea, which, greatest of the waters (streams) of the woods, resounds with its sacred fountain.- -Mephitim; the noxious exhalation rising from the sulphurous fountain, as at the present day from the Solfatara di Tivoli, probably suggested the idea of some deity presiding over the place.- -87. Quum tulit-incubuit. This is a general account of the manner in which this oracle gave the desired information; which was by visions and voices, revealed to the priest, while sleeping on the hides of the victims previously slain in sacrifice. In the present instance Latinus acted as priest himself; for in Latium the priestly office was a royal prerogative.-91. Acheronta; Acheron; for the powers of the lower world.- -Avernis; in Hades.92. Ipse; not as usual through the priest, but himself in person consulting the oracle.- -96. Connubiis; con-nu-byis.- -9%. Mea. The voice is that of Faunus, the ancestor of Latinus.- -98, 99. Qui ferant; such as shall bear; for tales ut sint laturi.

107-147. While the Trojans are partaking of food on the shore, and using their loaves of bread for dishes on which to lay the gathered fruits, the bread itself being finally eaten, Ascanius exclaims, "We are eating our tables !"—and thus the predic tion of the Harpy and of Anchises is fulfilled.

109. Adorea liba; wheaten loaves.—110. Epulis; their food; i. e. the fruits they have gathered in the neighborhood.-111. Cereale solum; the Cereal support; the wheaten table.—114, 115. Orbem and quadris, both describe the loaf, which was circular and divided into four equal parts or quadrants, by radiating marks. For the infinitive, see on vi. 696.-11.

Alludens; jesting.- -119. Eripuit-pressit; the father caught the word in stantly from the lips of (the boy) speaking, and, amazed by the divine revela tion, followed up (the omen.) For he forthwith exclaimed, all hail, &c.123. Anchises. Comp. iii. 257, and note.- -128. Haec, illa; see on iii. 558; a similar relation of the pronouns.-136. Primam; first of the dei ties to be worshipped on taking possession of a new land.- -139. Phrygiam matrem; Cybele. See iii. 111.- -140. Duplices parentes; his two parents;

1

Anchises in Hades, and Venus in Olympus.

148-194. On the following day, the Trojans explore the neighborhood of their camp around the Tiber and the Numicius, and Aeneas sends a hundred envoys to confer with king Latinus, while he commences the building of his new camp or town.

150. Diversi; in different directions. -Haec stagna; supply esse depending on explorant, or a verb implied in it; they ascertain that these are the still waters of the fountain Numicius. The Numicius, or Numicus, a little stream on the coast of Latium, issues from a swamp; it is now called Stagno di Levante.- -154. Ramis Palladis; with the boughs sacred to Pallas; the olive, emblem of peace.-Velatos; veiled; it is not used here of wreaths bound round the head, but borne in the hand, and called below, 237, vittas, because they are formed by means of laurel leaves and bands. Comp. 237, viii. 116, xi. 101.- -15%. Designat. Comp. v. 755. The little town thus enclosed was Troja Nova, or Castrum Trojae, four furlongs from the sea. Its walls extended on the right hand to the river; on the left, towards the sea, there was a plain.-158. Molitur locum; builds up the place; for "he builds houses in the place." Comp. 290.-159. Pinnis; for muris.- -160. Latinorum loses the last two letters here. See Gr. § 307, 3. -167. Ingentes; of noble aspect; the men are of heroic stature.168. Tecta; here, a temple, according to the Roman custom of receiving envoys in temples.169. Medius; in the midst of his attendants; this seems the most natural rendering, though Forbiger translates in medio solio. -171. Urbe summa; on the acropolis.174. Omen; the sacred usage; a practice ominous of good to the reign of the new king.-175. Ariete ;

Janus.

at one end of the court, rabea, or striped toga.

here ar-ye-te.176. Perpetuis mensis; at the continuous tables; the tables arranged in one unbroken line.- -177-180. We can have no better authority than Virgil on the name, character, and origin, of the genuine Italian gods and heroes.Cedro retains the final o.186. que in spiculaque is lengthened by the arsis. -187-189. Ipse Picas-sedebat, gerebat. The image of Picus, to whom the temple is dedicated, unlike the other statues, is in a sitting posture, in a conspicuous place, perhaps holding the lituus or augur's staff, and clothed in a The lituus is called Quirinalis, as being one of the