The contents are estimated either by the foot or the yard, or the square, of 100 feet. Inriched mouldings, &c. are rated by running or lineal measure.

Deductions are made for chimneys, doors, windows, &c.

EXAMPLES.

EXAM. 1. How many yards contains the ceiling which is 43 feet 3 inches long, and 25 feet 6 inches broad?

Ans. 1224. EXAM. 2. To how much amounts the ceiling of a room, at 10d per yard; the length being 21 feet 8 inches, and the breadth 14 feet 10 inches Ans. 11. 98 83d.

EXAM. 3. The length of a room is 18 feet 6 inches, the breadth 12 feet 3 inches, and height 10 feet 6 inches; to how much amounts the ceiling and rendering, the former at 8d and the latter at 3d. per yard; allowing for the door of 7 feet by 3 feet 8, and a fire-place of 5 feet square?

Ans. 17. 138. 3d. EXAM. 4. Required the quantity of plastering in a room, the length being 14 feet 5 inches, breadth 13 feet 2 inches, and height 9 feet 3 inches to the under side of the cornice, which girts 8 inches, and projects 5 inches from the wall on the upper part next the ceiling; deducting only for a door 7 feet by 4?

Ans. 53 yards 5 feet 3 inches of rendering

PAINTERS' work is computed in square yards. Every part is measured where the colour lies; and the measuring line is forced into all the mouldings and corners.

Windows are done at so much a piece. And it is usual te allow double measure for carved mouldings, &c.

EXAMPLES.

EXAM 1. How many yards of painting contains the room which is 65 feet 6 inches in compass, and 12 feet 4 inches high? Ans. 894 yards. EXAM. 2. The length of a room being 20 feet, its breadth 14 feet

14 feet 6 inches, and height 10 feet 4 inches; how many yards of painting are in it, deducting a fire-place of 4 feet by 4 feet 4 inches, and two windows each 6 feet by 3 feet 2 inches ? Ans. 73 yards.

EXAM. 3. What cost the painting of a room, at 6d. per yard; its length being 24 feet 6 inches, its breadth 16 feet 3 inches, and height 12 feet 9 inches; also the door is 7 feet by 3 feet 6, and the window-shutters to two windows each 7 feet 9 by 3 feet 6; but the breaks of the windows themselves are 8 feet 6 inches high, and I foot 3 inches deep; including also the window cills or seats, and the soffits above, the dimensions of which are known from the other dimensions: but deducting the fire-place of 5 feet by 5 feet 6?

Ans. 31. 38. 103d.

IX. GLAZIERS' WORK.

GLAZIERS take their dimensions, either in feet, inches, and parts, or feet, tenths, and hundredths. And they compute their work in square feet.

In taking the length and breadth of a window, the cross bars between the squares are included. Also windows of round or oval forms are measured as square, measuring them to their greatest length and breadth, on account of the waste in cutting the glass.

EXAMPLES.

EXAM. 1. How many square feet contains the window which is 4.25 feet long, and 2·75 feet broad? Ans. 113. EXAM. 2. What will the glazing a triangular sky-light come to, at 10d. per foot; the base being 12 feet 6 inches, and the perpendicular height 6 feet 9 inches?

Ans. 17. 158. 1ąd. EXAM. 3. There is a house with three tiers of windows, three windows in each tier, their common breadth 3 feet 11 inches :

now the height of the first tier is 7 feet 10 inches

Required the expense of glazing at 14d. per foot?

Ans. 13. 118. 10jd.

EXAM. 4. Required the expense of glazing the windows of a house at 13d. a foot; there being three stories, and three windows in each story:

the height of the lower tier is 7 feet 9 inches

of the middle

of the upper

101

and of an oval window over the door 1

the common breadth of all the windows being 3 feet 9 inches?

Ans. 127. 58. 6d.

X. PAVERS' WORK.

PAVERS' work is done by the square yard. And the con tent is found by multiplying the length by the breadth.

EXAM. 1. What cost the paving a foot-path, at 38. 4d. a yard; the length being 35 feet 4 inches, and breadth 8 feet 3 inches? Ans. 578. 114d. EXAM: 2 What cost the paving a court, at 38. 2d. per yard; the length being 27 feet 10 inches, and the breadth 14 feet 9 inches? Ans 71. 48. 54d.

EXAM. 3. What will be the expense of paving a rectangular court-yard, whose length is 63 feet, and breadth 45 feet; in which there is laid a foot-path of 5 feet 3 inches broad, running the whole length, with broad stones, at 3s. a yard; the rest being paved with pebbles at 28. 6d. a yard? Ans. 40%. 5s. 101d.

XI. PLUMBERS' WORK.

PLUMBERS' work is rated at so much a pound, or else by the hundred weight of 112 pounds.

Sheet lead, used in roofing, guttering, &c. is from 6 to 10 lb. to the square foot. And a pipe of an inch bore is commonly 13 or 14 lb. to the yard in length.

EXAMPLES.

EXAM. 1. How much weighs the lead which is 39 feet VOL. I.

• inches

6 inches long, and 3 feet 3 inches broad, at 81lb. to the square foot?

Ans. 1091,3lb. EXAM 2. What cost the covering and guttering a roof with lead, at 188. the cwt; the length of the roof being 43 feet. and breadth or girt over it 32 feet; the guttering 57 feet long, and 2 feet wide; the former 9.831 lb. and the latter 7.373 lb. to the square foot ? Ans. 115. 98. ijd.

XII. TIMBER MEASURING.

PROBLEM L

To find the Area, or Superficial Content, of a Board or Plank.

MULTIPLY the length by the mean breadth.

Note When the board is tapering, add the breadths at the two ends together, and take half the sum for the mean breadth. Or else take the mean breadth in the middle.

By the Sliding Rule.

Set 12 on B to the breadth in the length in feet on B, is the fractional parts.

inches on A: then against content on A, in feet and

EXAMPLES.

EXAM. 1. What is the value of a plank, at 1d. per foot, whose length is 12 feet 6 inches, and mean breadth 11 inches? Ans. Is 5d. EXAM. 2 Required the content of a board, whose length is 11 feet 2 inches, and breadth 1 foot 10 inches?

Ans. 20 feet 5 inches 8". EXAM. 3. What is the value of a plank, which is 12 feet 9 inches long, and I foot 3 inches broad, at 24d, a foot?

Ans. 38. 3 d.

EXAM 4. Required the value of 5 oaken planks at 3d. per foot, each of them being 17 feet long; and their several breadths as follows, namely, two of 13 inches in the middle, one of 14 inches in the middle, and the two remaining ones, each 18 inches at the broader end, and 114 at the narrower ? Ans. 14 58 9d.

PROBLEM

PROBLEM II.

To find the Solid Content of Squared or Four-sided Timber.

MULTIPLY the mean breadth by the mean thickness, and the product again by the length, for the content nearly.

As length: 12 or 10 :: quarter girt : solidity.

That is, as the length in feet on c, is to 12 on D, when the quarter girt is in inches, or to 10 on D, when it is in tenths of feet; so is the quarter girt on D, to the content

on c.

Note 1. If the tree taper regularly from the one end to the other; either take the mean breadth and thickness in the middle, or take the dimensions at the two ends, and half their sum will be the mean dimensions; which multiplied as above, will give the content nearly.

2. If the piece do not taper regularly, but be unequally thick in some parts and small in others; take several different dimensions, add them all together, and divide their sum by the number of them, for the mean dimensions.

EXAMPLES.

EXAM. 1. The length of a piece of timber is 18 feet 6 inches, the breadths at the greater and less end 1 foot 6 inches and 1 foot 3 inches, and the thickness at the greater and less end 1 foot 3 inches and 1 foot; required the solid content? Ans. 28 feet 7 inches.

EXAM. 2. What is the content of the piece of timber, whose length is 24 feet, and the mean breadth and thickness each 1.04 feet? Ans. 26 feet.

EXAM. 3. Required the content of a piece of timber, whose length is 20.38 feet, and its ends unequal squares, the sides of the greater being 19 inches, and the side of the less 97 inches ? Ans. 29-7562 feet.