Metropolitan of the whole of France in the 16th century derivel his ecclesiastical jurisdiction from the Bishop of Rome. And this was an arrangement coming down from times which were ancient even in A.D. 596.

In a subsequent portion of his Letter St. Gregory proceeds, "As for all the Bishops of Britain, we commit them to your care, that the unlearned may be taught, the weak strengthened by persuasion, and the perverse corrected by authority."

Thus, then, to deal only with the See and Province of Canterbury, it is perfectly clear, if we can trust Sts. Bede and Gregory and Augustine, that the only original source of the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Archbishop of Canterbury was the Bishop of Rome. So things remained for a thousand years, until the time of the Reformation, when the English Parliament stepped in, and, taking away the spiritual and ecclesiastical jurisdiction of our Archbishops, so far as it depended upon the Pope, and was derived from him, gave them for the time to come a State or Parliamentary warrant and authority for their episcopal jurisdiction. This arrangement, in its turn, lasted for a little more than 300 years, until, two years ago, Parliament made another change, and transferred the supreme ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Church of England from Dr. Tait to Lord Penzance.

This, I believe, will be found a simple and concise, but at the same time most true, account of the matter. I have no doubt this is Dr. Tait's own view, and that he honestly accepts the position. I think, therefore, that words which are rather too harsh are sometimes applied to him because he occasionally asserts what is perfectly certain, that, since the Reformation, no English Bishop or Archbishop can have any other ecclesiastical jurisdiction in foro externo except that which is given them by Act of Parliament. As to any spiritual authority which Anglican Bishops may possess in foro interno, that of course depends, as it does with any other Christian, entirely upon their personal character.

I fear in what I have written I have only given utterance to truisms, but truisms in these days need, perhaps, to be oft repeated.

I need scarcely say that I offer no opinion as to which is the best source, per se, of episcopal jurisdiction, whether Parliamentary or Papal, for the simple reason that I am unable to make up my own mind. If I could, I should, of course, either become an ardent supporter of Dr. Tait and Lord Penzance, or else avow my preference for the Roman system. At the same time I know, as a matter of fact, that holy and learned and venerable Priests of the English Church are beginning to ask the question, whether of the twain is better-to be in the obedience of the undoubted Primate of the Catholic Church, or to be subject in all spiritual things, as is the case with them at present, to the ex-Judge of the Divorce Court? THOMAS W. MOSSMAN.

Torrington Vicarage, Wragby, August, 1876.

AN UNIAT CHURCH; OR, CORPORATE REUNION. SIR, If I have done you injustice, or wrongly impugned your motives, will you permit me to tender you a most courteous and honest apology? Believe me, I profess to be, in controversy, a gentlemen, and not a Bible-loving, Protestant lad. With respect to Papal Supremacy over the Universal Church, at all times and under all circumstances, I beg respectfully, but no less strongly, to deny that the Bishop of Brechin, whom I, too, had the honour to know well, could have held its validity. Far from this. His Lordship distinctly stated in one of his last Charges, if not in his very last, that such an arrogated position rested only on certain "forged decretals," that he yearned for a Corporate Reunion of : Christendom, as we are all driven to pray for, but it was on the basis supplied by the well-worn quod ubique, quod semper, et quod ab omnibus. As to the accuracy of my statements, may I refer yourself and Mr. Allas Stewart to the Dean of Brechin? Of course, a certain supremacy was, I am aware, conceded to the Papal See, but I submit and modestly insist, until authoritatively refuted, that it was limited as I have already stated. Sir, I have my pious ambition. It resides, however, not in a triplecrowned hat, but in a Divine, Omniscient and Infallible Trinity. K. BRUCE STUART,

THE ECCLESIASTICAL OFFICES AND FEES BILL. We are indebted, says the Church Times of the 4th inst., to an unknown correspondent for a document of so extraordinary a character that we hasten to give it the greatest prominence in our power:"3, Paper-buildings, Temple, E.C., 28th July, 1876. "Sir,-This Bill has been withdrawn, but there is every reason to expect, tha sirce one chief object of the Bill was to provide the means of providing the Provincial Judge with a salary of £1,500 a year-with a salary for his secretary, and a sum for court expenses, and as that object is necessarily unobtained, a Bill, similar to, and not better than, the late one may be brought forward next year, unless a means be found in the meantime, which would make such a measure needless.

แ You are aware that towards the sum of £1,500 a year for the Provincial Judge his Lordship now receives a net payment of £610, from the Mastership of the Faculties and other offices. A balance of £890 for the sustentation of the Provincial Judge is therefore all that is at. present required, with a further sum of, say £100 for court expenses, and £200 per annum for the judge's secretary.

"I have reason to believe that if the chancellors and registrars of the various dioceses were to agree to provide this balance, no further movement in the direction of the Ecclesiastical Offices and Fees Bill would be made.

"Mr. Hassard has expressed to me his willingness to charge the net income of his registrarship with 20 per cent. (subject to the Archbishop of Canterbury's sanction) towards providing the balance n eded; and, in addition to this, will act as secretary to the judge witho t salary, thus contributing to the fund £420 per annum, leaving a balance to be provided of £770 per annum.

"I shall be glad to hear from you, at your earliest convenience, if you would consent to contribute a portion of your official income for p10viding the balance required until other provision be made.

"The proportion which I would suggest for your consideration would be:-Three per cent. on chancellorships and regi trarships over £100 a year, and below £200 a year, in net value.

"Five per cent. on chancellorships and registrarships, of over £200 a year, in net value.

"This per-centage would, I think, raise a larger fund than would be required, and if so, the charge would be proportionately reduced. Believe me, yours faithfully, "T. H. TRISTRAM,

46

"Chancellor of the Diocese of London."

Endications of Current Opinion.

"We all like to see what the World says; though, perhaps, the World's sayings would not be so highly regarded, did we know who guided the pen and registered the opinion."-COLERIDGE.

ARCHBISHOP TAIT'S JOBBERY-PRIMATE PENZANCE
GOING A-BEGGING.

(From the Morning Post of August 19th, 1876.) Among the dropped Bills of last Session was one brought in by the tical offices and fees. Ostensibly the Bill was intended as a measure of Archbishop of Canterbury for the better regulation of certain ecclesiasreform, actually it was only a means of supply. To the uninitiated it professed to put an end to some old abuses in the ecclesiastical courts; to those behind the scenes it was known as an effort to find a salary for Lord Penzance. It embodied a conjunction of two happy thoughts. It will be remembered that several years ago Lord Shaftesbury brought in a very elaborate measure for the abolition of diocesan courts and registries and for the foundation of a great central registry in London. This Bill involved a complete revision of the structure and functions of existing diocesan courts, a recasting of the judicial machinery, the abolition of many offices, and the reduction of many fees. It was in some respects a good measure, but it did not receive much support, and ultimately it was withdrawn and consigned to the perpetual limbos of good intentions; since which the ecclesiastical courts have gone on as before. It will be further remembered that when the Public Worship Bill was before Parliament it was strongly urged by its promoters and advisers that it would cost the country nothing, and that the salary of the new judge would be provided from other sources. Mr. Disraeli went so far as to say that a judge had been found who would work for nothing. It turned out, however, that, so far from this being the case, the judge desired to have a salary, and was appointed on the promise of a salary, while as yet there was no answer to the question, Where is the money to come from? A financial difficulty had been created, and something must be done to meet it.

In a happy moment it was suggested to the Primate to combine a part of the idea of Lord Shaftesbury's Bill with part of the idea of the Public Worship Regulation Act, and out of these to invent a new Bill which should accomplish a portion of the Earl of Shaftesbury's object and it the same time raise a fund for the payment of Lord Penzance. Hence the Ecclesiastical Offices and Fees Bill. We need not take the reader through the provisions of that measure. It is now a caput mortuum, and has no iut rest for the public beyond the insight it gives as to the manipulation of ecclesiastical questions. It is enough to say that it proposed to abolish the Provincial Courts of Canterbury and York, and to transfer their business to the court of the provincial judge created by the Public Worship Regulation Act. That is all we are concerned with now. Whether that court could do the work better than the old courts, whether the new scale of fees was bet'er than the old, whether the pensions and compensations to the holders of vested rights were equitable or not we need not discuss. The one point to which we direct attention is that the provision of a salary for the provincial judge was the main purpose of the Bill. First it was found that a judge could not be had for nothing, and next that certain sources of income at one time relied upon were not available. It therefore became necessary to dig in other mines; and it having been thought that the ecclesiastical courts were traversed by an auriforous vein of considerable breadth and length, an effort was made, under cover of a reform of the courts, to get at this gold. But the Bill was not successful. It was referred to a select committee, and finally passed the House of Lords. In the Commons, however, it perished, and now lies among the slain. The Session is over, the Bill is lost, the provincial judge is yet unpaid, and there is no money for the expenses of his court.

Here the matter might have rested till next year. But public interest has been galvanised into new life by an astounding circular letter from the Chancellor of the Diocese of London to his brother chancellors in other dioceses, asking for voluntary subventions to make up the deficiencies in the salary of the provincial judge; and holding out as a quasi bribe that such subventions, if readily forthcoming, would probably lead to an abandonment of all the other objects of the recent Bill, in which case the courts and offices as already constituted, with their profitable fees, would go on as before untouched by the spoiling hand of the reformer. The salary of the judge is £1,500 a year. Towards this he now receives £610 from his post as master of the faculties. A balance of £890 remains to be made up, together with about £300 for court expenses and secretary, altogether, in round numbers, £1,200. For the

encouragement of chancellors and registrars, they are informed by Dr. Tristram that Mr. Hassard, the successor of the late Mr. Hart Dyke as principal registrar of the Province of Canterbury, whose emoluments, by the way, are £1,220 a year, has consented to charge his income with twenty per cent. in behalf of this object. In other words he will contribute £120 a year. The other chancellors and registrars are invited to follow his example at a humble distance by contributing 3 per cent, where their incomes are below £200 a year, and 5 per cent. where they are above that sum. To stimulate their generosity Dr. Tristram uses these remarkable words, "I have reason to believe that if the chancellors and registrars of the various diocesses were to agree to provide this balance no further movement in the direction of the Ecclesiastical Offices and Fees Bill would be made." Dr. Tristram ought to know. He cannot be supposed to make so remarkable a statement without adequate justification. Ilave we, then, overstated the case in saying that the Bill was brought in with an ostensible purpose which was not its real one? Dr. Tristram's letter comes to this, that so long as the salary of the provincial judge is forthcoming from voluntary sources the ecclesiastical courts may go on unreformed. Fees that are often simply an extortion will still be enforced, and what little good to suitors and the Church the late Bill proposed to accomplish will be abandoned. We think that as the Archbishop of Canterbury brought in the Bill he may be respec fully a-ked to defend its intention, if Dr. Tristram has properly illustrated it. But if the Chancellor of Loudon is wrong, the sooner he is corrected by

authority the better. This proposal is simply as scandalous as it is ridiculous; scandalous because it offers a bribe to stay the progress of a piece of reform, and ridiculous because it is as impossible that Lord Penzance could consent to be paid by such a process, as it is, we hope, that good and honourable men, as chancellors and registrars must be supposed to be, would ever consent to a reform of their courts being bought off by such a process.

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CONTENTS OF NO. I. LEADING ARTICLES: Our Dangers and Duties-The Court of Divorce ab officio et beneficio-What is Conservatism? No. I. REVIEWS AND NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS: Life of the Bishop of Capetown-(Earle's) The Spiritual Body -Franciscan Missions among the Colliers-The Church Bells

of Leicestershire-Letters Addressed to an Irish Gentleman-Sir Aubrey de Vere's SonnetsShort Allegorical Sermons, &c., &c. FORTNIGHTLY NOTES: German Erastianism and PersecutionLegitimacy and Order-Report on VivisectionAnti-Christian Education-The Burials' Bill-The Folkestone Case-Canon Carter's Letter-Archbishop Tait Burking Convocation-The Vulgar Gilt Statue of Prince Albert-Radical Ritualists-The Discipline of Christ and the Discipline of Devils.-Church News, Art, Oxford Notes; with Letters to the Editor from Mr. De Lisle, Mr. Charles Walker, &c., &c.

CONTENTS OF No. II. LEADING ARTICLES: Religion in Germany and its Warnings-Other Fallacies of Lord Penzance-What is Conservatism? No. II. REVIEWS AND NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS: Some Modern Difficulties, by Mr. Gould-The Discipline of Christ and the Discipline of Devils-Animal Torture, by Mr. G. R. Jesse-Scraps from my Serap Book-Dr. Pusey's Sermon at Oxford-Funeral Discourses on Lady Augusta Stanley-Mission Life in East London-Dean Burgon's and Caon Paynes's Sermons-Oxenham's New Books, &c. FORTNIGHTLY NOTES: Religious Persecution - Don Carlos of Spain-Observance of Lent-Queen or Empress?-Non-Christian Education-Water-drinking by Act of Parliament-Threepenny-Bit LaymenThe Hon. C. L. Wood's Apologia-The Vagaries of Ritualism - Mr. Tooth's Policy. CORRESPONDENCE: Letters from Messrs. Huff, Hobbs, Mossman, Preston, and "Presbyter Anglicanus." Art, Letter from Rome, Church News, &c.

CONTENTS OF No. III. LEADING ARTICLES: Is Disestablishment likely to be a Cure for Present Evils? Judex Judicatus - What is Conservatism? No. III. REVIEWS AND NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS: Seccombe's Science, Theism, and Revelation-The Life and Times of Prince Charles Stuart-The Church in Baldwin's Gardens-The Annals of EnglandMagrath on University Reform-Nevins's Christ.anity and Astronomy-Can Churchmen Recognize the New Judge? FORTNIGHTLY NOTES: The Queen an Empress-Inspection of Convents-Dr. Mylne, Bishop of Bombay-The University of S. America-School Board Elections-Magna Charta and Church Freedom -City Swindlers - Bishop Perry's Fears - Mr. Grueber's Declaration-Filth of the Divorce CourtNew Bishoprick for Cornwall-Observance of LentThe Gauntlett fund. LETTERS: Mr. Huff on LawMr. Shipley's "Three Hours' Service at Santa Maria Novella, Florence." Church News, &c.

CONTENTS OF No. IV. LEADING ARTICLES: Religion at Oxford-Constructive Policy - What is Conservatism? No. IV. REVIEWS AND NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS: Memorials of the late Rev. Robert Stephen Hawker, M.A., sometime Vicar of Morwenstow. Edited by the Rev. F. G. Lee-The Dead in Christ: a Word of Consolation for Mourners -The Anthem Book: An Antiphoral, adopted to the Book of Common Prayer-Studies at the Foot of the Cross-Seven Last Words from the Cross. POETRY: The Curse of the Abbeys, by the late Rev. Dr. J. M. Neale. FORTNIGHTLY NOTES. Empress of India-The Barbad an Difficulty- Infidel Education-" Scientific" Barbarities- Dr. Arnold and his Opinions-Eishop Lord Arthur Hervey's Charge -Bishop Wordsworth and the anti-ErastiansPastoral of the Bishop of Winchester-Lord Penzance and his Salary-Mr. Disraeli's Appointments-Good Friday Services at St. Peter's, London Docks Death of Lord Lytteltou Demoralization of the Stage, &c. LETTERS: Mr. Eurle on the Spiritual Body-The English Church Union-The New Lambeth Court-The Free and Open Church System. Mr. C. S. Grueber's "Declaration." The High Church Press and Presbyter Anglicanus."

19

CONTENTS OF No. V. LEADING ARTICLES: The Report of the Royal Commission on Vivisection-A Contentious Conference-What is Conservatism? No. V.-Archbishop Tait at Keble College-Tennyson's "Queen Mary at the Lyceum. REVIEWS AND NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS: Report of the 'roceedings at the Reunion Conference at Bonn, translated from the German, with a Preface by H. P. Liddon, D.D.-" Do They Well to be Angry?" by Presbyter Anglicanus Queen Mary, by W. J. Blew. FORTNIGHTLY NOTES: The Royal Titles Bill-Rev. Greville J. Chester's Paper on Cruelty practised in Egypt-The Church Synod of the Irish Church-Prebendary Irons at the London School Board-How to treat She- and He-School Board Inquisitors-Middlesex Conservative AssociationThe Opening of Keble College Chapel-Dr. Pusey's Sermon at Opening of Keble College-The May Meetings: Dr. Ellicott, Dr. James, and The "Comic Gospel-Dr. Pusey's Theory as to Confession. Oxford Notes (from our own Correspondent). LETTERS: "Presbyter Anglicanus" and the E.C.U. The Two Jurisdictions-Lee's Memorials of Hawker. -Want of Fuel.-A Letter to the Bishop of Rochester from Archdeacon Denison. Church News, &c.

CONTENTS OF NO. VI. LEADING ARTICLES: Lord Granville's Resolution on the Burials Question

The Prospects of Christianity in the East-What is Conservatism? No. VI.-Nebuchadnezzar and Henry VIII. Letter to A. P. De Lisle, Esq., on the Formation of an Uniat Church. No. I. REVIEWS AND NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS: Delivery and Development of Christian Doctrine-Terra Incognita: or the Convents of the United Kingdom-Conadence in the Mercy of God-How to Communicate Properly-Stories from the Old Testament- Bidding to Intercession-Law and Vestments. ANTI-ERASTIAN DOCUMENTS: No. 1. Declaration touching the Royal Supremacy in Matters Ecclesiastica-No 2. Resolutions Regarding the Gorham Case-No. 3. Fourteen Objections to the Constitution, Powers and Mode of Procedure of the Existing Court of Final Appeal. INDICATIONS OF CURRENT OPINION: The High Church Party Drifting "- Tory Patronage. FORTNIGHTLY NOTES: Mahometanism-Return of the Prince of Wales-Reception of the King of Hauover-The Convocation of Canterbury and the Burials' BillLords Selborne and Coleridge on the Burials' BillLord Sandown and the Education of the Poor-Counsels' Fees The Divorce Court and Morality-Agitation against Drunkenness-Legal Reform-The Working Men's Petition" to Convocation- he New Parliamentary Irish Church"-The Necropolis CompanyVivisection-Church House for S.P.C.K and S.P.G.— The Appointment to the Bishopric of MelbourneRitualistic Wesleyans. THE CATHOLIC REVIVAL

Lisle on Corporate Reunion-Reply to Mr. Charles Walker. REVIEWS AND NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS: St. Thomas of Canterbury: A Dramatic Poem: By Aubrey de Vere.-Dean Goulburn's The Child Samuel "-Mr. Willis's Sermons Preached in St. Agatha's Chapel, Finsbury. FORTNIGHTLY NOTES: On the War--Depression of Trade-Disserting "Ritual ists"-The Bishop of Oxford and Rev. Dr. WillisSecession of the Son of Hon. Mr. Nelson-The Vicar of Rugeley-The Radical Ritualist's Game - Eccentric Ritualistic Parson-The Scottish Guardian and its Admirers. THE CATHOLIC REVIVAL AT HOME: The Lay Protest against the Public Worship Regulation Act-Crosses on the Altar-Fragmenta Varia, &c., LETTERS: Barbarity, Demonism and Lying of the Vivisectors-Neo-Ritualistic Rant-Where are We? Mr. Bruce Stuart and the Bishop of Brechin-Corpus Christi Day at Arundel-To the London Congregation of the Rev. Father Ignatius.

&c. LETTERS: An Important Admissiou-Parliament the Dernier Resort in Things Temporal: Convocation in Things Spiritual-The Horrors of Vivisection-St. Saviour's Hospital- Do they Well to be Angry "-Protestantism, Rationalism and Monasticism in the Church of England - Invocation of Saints.

CONTENTS OF No. VII. LEADING ARTICLES: Eastern Complications-Lord Carnarvon's Vivisection Bill-What is Conservatism? No. VII. Letter from Charles Walker, Esq., to A. P. De Lisle, Esq., on the Formation of an Uniat Church. No. II. REVIEWS AND NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. Delivery and Development of Christiau Doctrine-The Great Commentary of Cornelius A Lapide-The Person and the Work of the Holy Ghost-The Sacrament of the Holy Eucharist: au "Oration" by Father IgnatiusCardinal Manuing and History-So Sinks the Day Star. The Bishop of London and the Vicar of St. Vedast's, City. INDICATIONS OF CURRENT OPINION: The Education Policy of the Tories. FORTNIGHTLY NOTES: The ex-Sultan-Corporate Reunion-The Education Act-DisestablishmentArrogance of the Bishop of Bombay-New Bishoprics Holborn-Loudon

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Review-Canon Baynes and "Ritualism "-Ld. Shaftesbury and His Letter to the Governors of St. George's Hospital-The "Committee of Dissenting Deputies -Foreign Tities-Twycross v. Grant-Horse-racingVulgarity of the Liberal Papers-Depression of Trade. CORRESPONDENCE: Vivisection (three letters) An Uniat Church. OXFORD NOTES: The Catholic Revival at Home, &c., &c.

CONTENTS OF No VIII. LEADING ARTICLES: The Endowment of Research-Can the Establishment be Defended?-The University Bill. Letter from Charles Walker, Esq., to A. P. De Lisle, Esq, on the Formation of an Uniat Church. No. III. REVIEWS AND NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS: A History of the Catholic Councils from the Original DocumentsDisestablishment; or, a Defence of the Principle of a National Church. (First Notice)-The Church Association and the Rector of Broadwater-The Principles of the Reformation-Sanctuary Meditations for Priests and Frequent Communicants-Wafted Away -Brief Memorials of Lord Lyttelton. FORTNIGHTLY NOTES: The Mahometan InfldelsThe Holy Father, Pius IX.-"Third Synod" of "Old Catholics "-Necessity for a Minister of Public Works in England-New Bishopricks-The "Liberals "Annual Meeting of the English Church UnionRitualistic Talkers-Mr. G. R. Jesse and his Crusade against Vivisection-The P.W.R. Act. CORRESFONDENCE: Signs of the Times-The Society of Anglo-Israel and the Blessed Virgin Mary-The A.P.U.C.-The Bishop of Bombay-Evidence for the Eastward Position-To Churchmen. The Catholic Revival at Home. Fragmenta Varia. Oxford Notes. Failure of the P.W.R. Act. Dean Stanley's Insult to the Colonial Bishops.

CONTENTS OF No. IX. LEADING ARTICLES: War in the East-Progress of Civilization-Dr. Wordsworth and the Wesleyans. Letter from C. Walker, Esq., to A. P. De Lisle, Esq., on the Formation of an Uniat Church REVIEWS: No. IV. Disestablishment; or, a Defence of the Principle of a National Church. (2nd and Concluding Notice)—A Voice in the Wilderness-Lectures: Delivered at St. Margaret's, Lothbury, by Henry Melvill, B.D.-The Position, Ecclesiastical and Civil-Some Reasons of our Christian Hope-John Wesley and Modern Wesleyanism-Church and Dissent: An Appeal to Holy Scripture-The Christian Apologist-Tue Literary Remains of Catherine Maria Fanshaw. INDICATIONS OF CURRENT OPINION: M. Loyson's Reform-Our Present Difficulties. FORTNIGHTLY NOTE: War in the East-Garibaldi-"Old Catholics "The Bishop of Maritzburg-Dr. Charles Wordsworth-Brummagem Blackguardism-A Ritualistic Chadband. East-End Churches. (By a Roving Correspondent.) CORRESPONDENCE: The A.P.U.C. -The Anti-Vivisection Society and Mr. G. R. JesseOur Lady and the Tribe of Ephraim-Mr. K. Bruce Stuart on Himself. The Catholic Revival at Home. Anti-Erastian Documents-No. 1V. Petition to Con vocation. Restoration of Exeter Cathedral. Fragmenta Varia, &c., &c.

CONTENTS OF No. X. LEADING ARTICLES: The Need of More Parsons-Casting Out the Children of the Poor-Repeal of the Public Worship Regulation Act. Eight Reasons for Not Agreeing with the Doctors Memorial to, and Arguments before, the Home Secretary in Favour of Vivisection. Mr. De

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Ecclesiastical Discourses, delivered on Special Occasions. By Right Rev. Bishop ULLATHORNE. 68.

Sermons on the Sacraments.

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THE ORDER for the VISITATION

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"A most admirable publication has just been issued 'The Order for the Communion of the Sick, with Notes and Directions.' As a practical help to Clergy who desire to celebrate and minister the Holy Mysteries with reverence and care, we know of no volume likely to serve their purpose better. All the directions are full and lucid, while the author's own valuable dissertations are evidently the work of one who writes from experience, and who writes con amore."-Union Review.

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The Communion of Saints :

THE CATHOLIC DOCTRINE SET FORTH FROM HOLY SCRIPTURE AND THE FATHERS AND ANCIENT BISHOPS OF THE UNDIVIDED CHURCH.

WITH REMARKS UPON THE USE AND SYMBOLISM OF THE VESTMENTS, LIGHTS, INCENSE THE MIXED CHALICE, THE SIGN OF THE CROSS, AND THE POSITION OF THE CELEBRANT. By WILLIAM GRANT,

THE

Layman of the Church of England, Author of "The People's Mass Book." London: JOHN H. BATTY, 376, Strand, W.C.

PEOPLE'S

MASS

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BOOK. Being the Order of the Administration of the Holy Eucharist according to the Use of the Church of England, with the Complete Devotions, Literally Translated, of the Ancient Liturgy of the Western Church; the Offices of Preparation and Thanksgiving before and after Mass, and some Rubrics from the First Book of King Edward the Sixth.

The PEOPLE'S MASS BOOK is intended to supply the want, largely felt by the English Catholic laity, of a devotional Office, at once in perfect harmony with the Liturgy of our Prayer Book and with the Ancient Missal of the West. It contains in a popular form, adapted to the simplest comprehension, as well as to the requirements of the most advanced Churchman, those formularies of Eucharistic Worship, undoubtedly Apostolic in their main features, which have been used by the great Saints, Martyrs, Confessors and Doctors of Western Christendom during, at least, the past fifteen centuries; and which, to the present day, are employed in the celebration of the Christian Mysteries throughout by far the larger part

of the Church of God. These devotions are combined with the English Liturgy in such a way as to present both the one and the other complete and yet without confusion. The Manual is equally adapted for use at plain and at Choral Celebrations; and contains Forms of Prayer for those who communicate, as well as for those who merely assist at Mass.

The Rubrical directions, introduced from the First Book of King Edward VI, may serve to show the real mird of the English Church respecting those ritual observances which Puritanism contrived, in former days (as the Preface to our present Prayer Book, with evident reprehension, points out), to decry and bring into contempt.

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CHRISTIAN

CONTENTS:

1. SCIENCE LEADING UP to RELIGION.

APOLOGIST.

2. On the FUTURE UNITY of CHRISTENDOM. A. P. de LISLE.

3. The GOSPEL ACCORDING to ST. PAUL. Professor STANLEY LEATHES.

4. MIRACLES and the Church Quarterly Review.

5. The NATURE of SCIENTIFIC PROOFS. Rev. GEORGE HENSLOW, M.A., F.L.S., F.G.S.

6. The RESURRECTION BODY NOT the NATURAL BODY. JOHN CHARLES EARLE, B.A.

7. The OXFORD MOVEMENT and INFIDELITY. EDITOR.

See Article on "The Christian Apologist" in the "Saturday Review" for July 1st.

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THE GOVERNMENT AND THE TURKISH QUESTION.

T

Now it

HE feelings of utter horror and indignation with which the whole of England heard of the awful tragedies in Bulgaria have at last reached what may fairly be called the boiling-point. It is not difficult to understand that, at such a time, and under such circumstances, there should be a strong temptation to commit a very grievous injustice in the endeavour to fix on some one the blame of these transactions. And this very natural tendency it has, we are sorry to say, been the object of certain disreputable politicians to turn to account for their own ends. Let us not be misunderstood. We do not for a moment accuse the Liberal leaders, as a body, of using the "Bulgarian Horrors for selfish purposes, by charging the Tory Government with complicity with them. But we fear it must be admitted that individuals among them have been guilty of what we must plainly call the great wickedness of seeking to damage their political opponents by trying to fix on them the responsibility for these crimes. Probably the lowest depth of this abominable and atrocious policy was reached by a certain penny "Church " contemporary, alluded to in our last number. But every party has its dregs, and it would be unfair not to admit that Lord Hartington and the more respectable portion of the Liberal party have not indulged in this sort of meanness. At the same time an endeavour has been made, especially by Mr. Gladstone, to fix on the Government what is called " a moral responsibility" in the matter. seems to us that there is absolutely no alternative between acquitting the Government altogether, and acknowledging their guilt to the fullest extent. Either they are wholly innocent of the charge, or else they have deliberately and wilfully aided and abetted the Turks in the commission of these outrages. We thing that a careful perusal of Mr. Gladstone's arguments goes to shew that, if they are good for anything, they prove too much-that is, they prove that not only Lord Beaconsfield and Lord Derby, but the whole Government have been purposely assisting the Turks, and deliberately winking at their enormities. Mr. Gladstone's pamphlet and his speech produce on our mind the impression that though he shrinks from openly preferring the greater charge of actual complicity, he really believes it himself, and broadly hints as much; and we say that such a course is as flagrantly unjust as it is patently unmanly and contemptible. He was himself partly responsible for the Crimean War, that most disastrous of the many mistakes made by successive Whig Governments in matters of foreign policy; and he does not advocate the dismemberment of the Turkish Empire. What is this but to favour the maintenance of the general status quo, for favouring which the Government have been roundly abused? And he is not prepared to displace the existing Ministry: that is, he will not undertake the responsibility of himself supplying the defi

ciencies he censures.

The country, even in the midst of its most just and righteous indignation against the Turks, will, we believe and hope, have the sense to appreciate the really admirable and unanswerable arguments by which Lord Derby has made a clean sweep of the cobwebs of misrepresentation which have for some weeks been collecting. The charge of "indifference" to the crimes of the Turks he rebutted by showing that the Government had not heard of them until after their occurrence. As a matter of common-sense and policy, apart from humanity, no English Government can afford to be indifferent to events which immensely increase the already great difficulties of the situation. He showed, too, the folly of the charge that the Turkish Government was emboldened to commit these crimes by the presence of the English Fleet at Besika Bay; the fact

being that the atrocities were already accomplished before the Fleet was sent for by Sir H. Elliot (with the concurrence of the other foreign ambassadors, and for the protection unarmed Christians against threatened outbreaks), and even before the rejection of the Berlin Memorandum was known at Constantinople. It is much more probable that these horrors would be perpetrated by a people who fancied themselves abandoned by their allies, than that they should deliberately do that which they knew would disgust other Powers. It is all very well to say that the English Government ought to have been informed about these atrocities. But they occurred in localities where, because there were no British interests to guard, no British Consul was resident. So far as regards the past. With reference to the future, Lord Derby has made it plain that the Government will use all its influence for the future protection of the Christians, and for the punishment of the principal criminals in Bulgaria. Of course the Liberals will take credit to themselves for "a change" in the Ministerial policy. There has simply been no change whatever. The Government has pursued a wise and consistent policy throughout; and we are much mistaken if the country does not see that in the free and unembarrassed judgment of Lord Derby and his colleagues lies the strongest possible security for a righteous and beneficial settlement of the Eastern Question.

EDUCATION

EDUCATION IN IRELAND.

DUCATION is still the question of the day. In England it cannot be said that any satisfactory solution has been even hinted at. The audible voice of the majority does not in effect express their real sentiments; for while it is certain that ninety-nine hundredths of the people are professedly believers in Christianity, it is equally manifest that, in consequence of sectarian animosity, the religious convictions of this vast majority are practically supressed. The result is that the English people do not know, or at least do not say, what they want. Still, as soon as they do know and say itand the time must soon come when they will do both-they are certain to get whatever they demand.

In Scotland it is otherwise. There the people know what they want, they know how to get it, they do get it. The voice of the people is plain and clear. It is loudly spoken. It is effectual in obtaining what it calls for. The badge and motto of the country evidently characterizes its political action.

How about Ireland? The people there know well what they want, but cannot obtain it. Five-sixths of the Irish are, beyond all question, desirous of entrusting the education of the country to the Clergy, their natural teachers. Why should not the sense of the Irish people be deferred to in this matter equally with the sense of the Scotch people as it is expressed, and with the sense of the English people as soon as it shall be expressed?

All that we shall say on the present occasion is this: that the highest dictates of principle, the most obvious suggestions of expediency combine to urge the adoption of a just and generous policy in the matter of Irish education. We shall recur to the subject at an early opportunity, for we entertain a profound conviction that the happiness and tranquillity of Ireland, as well as the solidity and integrity of the British Empire would be advanced in an almost incalculable degree, by the adoption of a measure which should carry out the policy we have here indicated, and that the Statesman who shall undertake its introduction will assuredly earn the lasting gratitude of his country.