Doctrine of the Real Presence is distinct from Transubstantiation." Dr. Pusey has told us that "Transubstantiation is probably a question of words;" and the following few lines, which our author quotes from "The Kiss of Peace," with his remarks upon them, will sufficiently indicate his line of argument "The Church of England holds Transubstantiation as taught by the Council of Trent, and only rejects Transaccidentation which Rome rejects.' This does not show that Mr. Cobb meant by Transubstantiation the change of the material substance. In point of fact, his words mean just the contrary. I cannot therefore admit that Mr. Cobb's words taught the Roman doctrine of Transubstantiation' Wunequivocally' (p. 19). The result is that Mr. Elliott has been forced to admit that "there is a difference between it (the Ritualists' doctrines) and Transubstantiation;" although he sees no apparent difference between it and Consubstantiation. To which Dr. Sanderson makes the pertinent reply: "If instead of saying in your sermon, 'You may go into these Ritualistic churches, and hear the Romish Doctrine of Transubstantiation unequivocally taught,' you had said, as your admission limits you to saying, 'You may go into these Ritualistic churches and hear the Lutheran Protestant Doctrine of Consubstantiation unequivocally taught,' I venture to think that the announcement would have fallen somewhat flat, and at least would scarcely have satisfied the vigorous appetite of the Church Association!" It is just the tract to circulate with advantage amongst those who, having but newly received the doctrine of the Real Presence as a Catholic Verity, find themselves unable to formulate their faith with adequate theological precision. The short catena of Fathers and Anglican Divines is excellent.

L The ECTURES and Lecturers seem to be very popular. Ritualists appear to be turning this popularity to some advantage. The Rector of St. George's, Billingsgate, has delivered two forcible Lectures at Bath on The Principles of the Reformation (Church Printing Company), which seem to have created some interest. We cannot discover throughout either any definite or precise statement of what in the Lecturer's judgment the "principles " of the Reformation are; but the tu quoque rejoinders of Mr. MacColl are at once forcible and pungent, and he puts his critics into several admirable fixes, from which Ignorance and Impudence conjoined will not be able efficiently to extricate them. Had Mr. MacColl dealt with the complex question of the rejection of legitimate Patriarchal authority by a mere National Church, he would have done a good work. On this crucial question, like so many of his fellows, he is wholly dumb. And this, though that question is uppermost in the minds of all.

A VOLUME, translated from the Spanish of Father B. Gracian, S.J., entitled Sanctuary Meditations for Priests and Frequent Communicants has just been issued by Mr. Washbourne of Paternoster-row. The treatise is formed on a good model and an excellent system; moreover, there is provided a Table of Meditations suitable for communicants on all the Feasts of the year; which renders the practical character of the book at once obvious and advantageous. We quite agree with the Translator that the Catholic writers of Spain are less known than they ought to be, and that Father Gracian's writings-if the book before us be a fair specimen -deserve to become popular in England. They are devout, forcible, and clear; the leading points are put with good religious taste, while the illustrations are simple, expressive, and drawn from Scriptural and patristic sources. It is well printed, readable, and cheap.

A NEW squib, entitled Wafted Away (London: Palmer), is very amusing and very readable. On taking it up we were unable to put it down again until we had read every line. There are numerous clever hits throughout-not the least clever being that which designates a new Communion as "The Church of Vasty Vagueness." The hit at modern miracles is both out of place and in bad taste. The rude illustrations, though rude, are charming.

THE late Lord Lyttelton, if he deserved anything of a memoir, deserved something better than the mere publication of three Funeral Sermons under the title of Brief Memorials of Lord Lyttelton (London: Rivingtons), together with Mr.

Gladstone's leading article, reprinted from Mr. Gladstone's own cleriical organ the Guardian. The Sermon by Bishop Mackarness is the best (we note that it contains a very definite prayer for the departed); the Bishop of Rochester's is the most jejune; and Mr. Marriott's the most feeling. No one is remarkable, and neither deserved publication.

NOTICES TO CORRESPONDENTS. Received.-W. Carter.-R. J. H.-C. Walker.-The ex-Secretary of the A.P.U.C.W. C.-A. B. P.-A. B. E.-C. W. R.-A Friend. C. W. J.—R. J.—W. P.-Aliquis. -Oxoniensis.-A Tutor of Keble.-Philo.-A. B. P.-W. W.-A Churchwarden. S. A.-You must be pleased to bear in mind that the P.W.R. Act was, in no degree, sanctioned by the Church. Of course we are quite aware that the persons who fill the Episcopal Sees of England (with one miserable and solitary exception) were in favour of that atrocious measure. But there are such people as traitors existing, and such sins as time-serving and treachery. The Church, in its corporate capacity, has in no way sanctioned it. Public Opinion, never a safe guide. is an ignis fatuus, which leads its followers to destruction and to the Devil. For our own parts we decline going there.

As a rule, we must decline to insert both personal attacks of every sort and kind, and anonymous letters. If people want to ventilate their opinions (and a newspaper is certainly a proper vehicle for such action,) they must be good enough to sign their names to communications forwarded.

We beg our correspondents and supporters to address all Letters relating to the literary portion of this paper to "The Editor of THE PILOT, 376, Strand, London, W.C." and all communications regarding the sale and advertising, to Mr. J. H. BATTY, Publisher, at the same address.

"Has not all our misery, as a Church, arisen from people being afraid to look difficulties in the face? They have palliated acts, when they should have denounced them And what is the consequence?

That our Church has through centuries ever been sinking lower and

lower, till good part of its pretensions is a mere sham; though it be a duty to make the best of what we have received."-P. 274-"HISTORY

OF MY RELIGIOUS OPINIONS." BY VERY REV. J. H. NEWMAN, D.D.

HERE does not seem to us much chance of successfully bolstering up Turkey, notwithstanding the Revolution, the murder of the Moslem Knight of the Garter, and the action of England. Many believe that the recent assassination of two of the Turkish Ministers bodes no good. However, until Principle takes the place of Trickery and Expediency, and nations deal with each other as individuals should do, on Christian principles, neither Peace can be assured nor True Progress anticipated. For Christian nations to side with and uphold an Empire of Moslems is fundamentally wrong. The Mahometan infidels should either be converted, "disestablished," or put out of their misery. If England hesitates to undertake the good work, why should she selfishly interfere when Russia proposes its efficient and beneficial accomplishment?

THE

HE Holy Father (one of the most remarkable men who ever filled the chair of St. Peter,) entered on the thirtieth year of his Pontificate on Friday last. Solicited again and again to barter away principle, or to make terms with the Revolution and the Liberals, His Holiness has always given one answer-Non possumus. Pius IX. received minor orders on the 5th January, 1817, at Rome, at the age of twenty-five, and was ordained sub-deacon the 20th of December, 1818; and on the 10th April, 1819, priest; preconised Archbishop of Spoleto the 21st May, 1827, by Leo XII., consecrated the 3rd June following in the Eternal City by Cardinal Castiglioni (afterwards Pope Pius VIII.). He was translated to the Bishopric of Imola the 17th December, 1832, by Gregory XVI., created Cardinal in petto the 23rd December, 1839, by the same Pontiff, published to that dignity the 14th December, 1840, he was selected Pope the 16th June, 1846, at the Quirinal, crowned at St. Peter's the 21st of the same month, and enthroned at St. John's Lateran the 6th November, 1846. This holy and distinguished Pontiff, who was born at Sinigaglia the 13th May, 1792, feels himself so well that he speaks, as the most natural thing in the world, of celebrating in 1877 the jubilee of his fifty years in the Episcopacy.-Lord and Lady Denbigh had a dinner party and reception at their town mansion to cele

brate this anniversary of the Pope, at which the company consisted of the leading Roman Catholics of London.

THE

HE "third Synod" of the latest new organization-the members of which call themselves "Old Catholics," and the opponents of which cannot yet determine whether they are fish, flesh, fowl, or good red herring,"-has recently been held at Bonn. There were present (as we learn) 31 priests and 76 delegates. Dr. Von Schulte read the Report of the condition of the movement. There are now 35 communities in Prussia, 44 in Baden, 5 in Hesse, 2 in Birkenfeld, 31 in Bavaria, and 1 in Wurtemberg. The whole number of persons belonging to it is 17,203, corresponding with the population of the town of St. Alban's. The number of priests is 60. The rest of the meeting was devoted to the discussion of regulations regarding Ritual. Dr. Schulte reported on the motions respecting celibacy. "Many opinions were expressed" a fact we don't at all doubt-but it was agreed to pass over all motions on the subject to the order of the day. It was further resolved to leave it to the representatives to decide when the question should again be brought before the Synod. It was also decided that "processions were no longer in accordance with the spirit of the age," and that, therefore, no new ones should be introduced, and that any proposals to change those already in existence should be laid before the representatives." There are many other rites not "in accordance with the spirit of the age." If all these are abolished, the so-called "Old Catholics may find themselves both bare and poor. The revived Pagan taste for nasty nudeness, for instance, is now commonly current-shall clothing be consequently abolished because of this?

IT T really seems unfortunate that we have no Minister of Public Works in England. If such an officer had existed, surely the Northumberland-avenue would never have taken the place of the old House of the Percies. The new road is all askew the direct and beautiful vista consisting of the timber yards of commercial Lambeth, flanked by that stately and imposing building the blank side of the Charing Cross Railway Station and its scientific Bridge. And the same kind of mistake is being made elsewhere; while the new domestic buildings that are being erected in and about London certainly represent "the Age and its Progress"-for anything more confused in style, more unreal and false in construction, could not be conceived. Vulgarity on a throne, supported by Mr. Compo and Mr. Flash, "architects of the period," reigns. By the way, it is reported that one of the late Prince Consort's sons he must be a witty fellow of tolerably sound principles,-on contemplating the great gilt image under Sir G. Scott's Gothic canopy, simply sighed out the three expressive words-" My Awful Dad!"

THOSE who are endeavouring to found new Bishopricks do not find it very easy to get the necessary money. The various schemes hang fire. Energy is damped. Action, by consequence, becomes uncertain and wayward. Just as people do not "buy a pig in a sack," so-to take up the new commercial standing-point-they won't give money for an "article" of which they do not know the true nature and exact value. A West-country parson recently addressed the following plain-spoken remarks to a supporter of the scheme for more Bishops :-"Rev. Sir,-You ask me to subscribe towards setting up a new Parliamentary See for the English Church. I reply that so long as the Bishops are willing to have the Faith and Practice of our Church settled by the exDivorce Judge, so long shall I continue to button up my pockets. For the last 30 years I have cheerfully contributed, according to my means, towards our Church Societies and good objects. Under the P.W.R. Act I cease. I don't want more Sees. I don't want more Bishops nominated by the head of a Parliamentary majority. So I take leave to decline complying with your request, and return the papers."

it away to their own friends, or contemptuously kicking "the dead man's hand," is known to everybody where the delightful race of unsanctified Liberals sets the fashion, or gets the upper hand. They agitate for "reform " in order to create new offices into which to put their friends or place themselves; they rob old schools (which are good and religious) in order to found new ones (which are bad and godless). And what some have done for the schools, others are attempting for the churches. Archbishop Tait began the game in the City of London some years ago; and the Editor of "Essays and Reviews," in gaiters (by the grace of Gladstone), is efficiently carrying it on at Exeter. Mr. Ingle, a parson of that city, seems to respect the Eighth Commandment; and so does Dr. Liddon (who has been called in as a spiritual doctor to prescribe for the current malady)—but why any Liberal should respect the Eighth or any other Commandment, is, as that venerated Peer, Lord Dundreary, remarked, "more than any fellah can understand."

THE Annual Meeting of the English Church Union was held on Tuesday week, and we cannot conceal our feeling of disappointment at the result of its deliberations. Anything more lame and unsatisfactory it would be difficult to conceive. The speeches in the afternoon were dreary in the extreme, and dealt largely in those expressions of mutual admiration which, however appropriate and well-deserved, will scarcely serve as a guide to Churchmen in the perplexities and difficulties which at present surround them. The President's Address, marked by all his wonted ability, earnestness and eloquence, contained much with which we can cordially concur. But we fail nevertheless to see in it an adequate estimate of the duties of Churchmen in the present critical position; and we totally disagree from him in the hope which we understood him to express, that the secular courts may give a decision in favour of the Catholic party. On the contrary, we desire nothing of the kind. As we do not wish to see Samson's head in Delilah's lap, we are naturally anxious that she should show herself in her true light. We cannot accept the jurisdiction of Cæsar in Divine affairs, even if he should decide in our favour; and the more his tyranny is felt, the sooner and more effectually will the Accursed Thing of Erastianism be cast out from our midst. The resolutions adopted at the evening meeting were needlessly involved and verbose, and were couched in a style worthy of a pettifogging country attorney. Their drift was well enough so far as it went; but the time has long It gone by for any but the very plainest speaking. that Erastian interis surely not enough to "declare Churchmen ference is not binding on the conscience." have a right to demand that a body like the E.C.U. should have the courage to commit itself to a practical policy. When will English Churchmen take a leaf out of the book of their persecuted fellow-Catholics in Germany, and learn to meet the demands of Erastianism with a simple "Non possumus?"

AT T the Evening Meeting we listened with great and marked attention to Mr. Knox Little's speech, because (although he said nothing of any value or consequence) he always appeared to be on the very point of saying something, and the audience cheered him vociferously, apparently because, notwithstanding all his words, he very cleverly managed to say nothing. He began by declaring that "they had reached a time in their movement when things were taking a shape which was clear and definite, and it was necessary for them to say who they would obey, and who they would not,"—a But as for point on which we perfectly agree with him. solving the difficulty, he did not even attempt it. The fog darkened, the mist thickened, the advice grew portentously nebulous. His view of the Reformation is thus reported :

torica nova scientiarvm avgmenta feliciter adhibvit | per xix. annos hvjvsce eccles. cath. decanvs navis solitvdinem tvrbæ fidelivm et divinis officiis restitvit | verbis Christi sacrosanctis vnice confisvs, adversos sibi religioni secvlvm si quis alivs conciliabat, frvctvs longi certaminis senex tandem percipiens."

AN INTERESTING MONUMENT.-During the progress of restoring St. Budeaux Chu ch, near Plymouth, an interesting monument has been uncovered, which was hidden for nearly a century, and which was erected early in the reign of Elizabeth to some members of the ancient family of Gorges. The principal seat of this family was for many years at Wraxall, in the county of Somerset, near Bristol, and in the church there are handsome monuments to their memory. The monument is described as an altar tomb, with a curiously carved reredos behind it. Birds, fruits, flowers, &c., surround two shields of arms, and on the recumbent stone are three other shields of arms. The remains will be carefully preserved, as they commemorate a family whose ancestors were famous in the early history of the kingdom. Part of the ancient residence of the Gorges is still standing. It is now the property of Louisa Lady Ashburton, widow of the second baron.

THE E.C.U.-The annual meetings of the E.C.U. were held on Tuesday afternoon and evening. There had been early celebrations at nearly sevenly churches in London and suburbs for the object of the Union, and a choral celebration at All Saints', Margaret-street, with sermon by the Rev. Berdmore Compton. At the meeting in the afternoon the President delivered an address. When the Rev. C. F. Lowder entered the room he was, as usual, greeted with loud applause, which was also accorded to Mr. Shaw Stewart, Colonel Bagnall, and the Rev. R. W. Randall, the last two speakers introducing the subject of the Increase of the Episcopate, which the members received rather coldly until Mr. Randall explained that he wanted Bishops who would do Church work in the Church's way. The after dinner meeting was well attended, notwithstanding unfavourable weather; and a very earnest address was given by Canon Carter on the question how far Churchmen can acknowledge the authority of the State in spiritual matters. Dr. Walter Phillimore followed on Erastianism; and the Rev. A. H. Mackonochie (who met with an enthusiastic reception), and the Rev. W. J. Knox Little supported the resolutions moved by Canon Carter.

CLERICAL TRAINING COLLEGE AT LEEDS.-The work which Dean Hook carried on for so many years at Leeds in affording to the younger clergy a practical insight into parochial duties is about to be recommenced by the present vicar, Dr. Gott, on a more extended and perinanent basis by the establishment of a training institution or college for candidates for Holy Orders. A sum of £800 was some time ago placed in Dr. Gott's hands for the promotion of this object, and he has secured for the use of the students a house close to the vicarage, where they will live in common and prepare for ordination. The house will be opened under the general supervision of the vicar and with the sanction of the Bishop of Ripon, and its immediate head will be the Rev. E. S. Gibson, late Vice-Principal of the Theological College at Wells. Instruction will be given in the working of a large parish, while the students will have the opportunity of receiving practical lessons and of undertaking active work in connection with the Leeds churches. Devotional help is also to form a feature in the course. Already Dr. Gott is enabled to announce four exhibitions of £80 a year in connection with the school.

TEWKESBURY ABBEY.-Under the direction of Mr. Gilbert Scott this sacred édifice is to be restored, and Sir E. A. Lechmere, Chairman of the Restoration Committee, has issued a circular on which he sketches what has been done, and what remains to be accomplished. The galleries, high modern pews, and other unnecessary incumbrances have be n cleared away from the choir. The 13th century chapel near the north transept have been openen to the church. The room over the baptistry, which forms a portion of the Norman church, and is thought by the best authorities to be almost, if not quite, unique, has been opened to the south transept. The masonry of the choir walls, piers, arches, and vaulting has been thoroughly repaired, and the workmen are nov engaged in repairing and cleaning the masonry of the north transept, the ambulatory chapel, and the two bays of the nave aisles. The work which still remains to be done is thus described:-"1. The clearing of all plastering and whitewash from the walls, pillars, piers, arching, and vaulting, the westernmost part of the church from the easternmost bays. 2. The repaving of the transept, the ambulatory, and chapels. 3. The re-roofing and restoration of the 13th century chapeis. 4. The seating, screens, pulpit, reading-desk, lectern, &c. 5. The erection of a reredos (if decided upon). 6. The restoration of the sedilia of the chapels, and the reparation of the ancient windows where necessary."

ST. MICHAEL'S, EAST TEIGNMOUTH.-The Vicar of this parish, the Rev. H. C. Deshon, has been for some time engaged on the work of restoring the chancel of his church. When Mr. Deshon took up his abode in Teignmouth five years since, he found that he had had left to him, as the Vicar of St. Michael's, a legacy of poverty and decay. The old church, which is plain well nigh unto ugliness, was in a sad condition; amongst other peculiarities its pulpit stood at the west end of the building, and the seats faced that way. All this was remodelled, and various other alterations were made. Finding improvement so desirable, Mr. Deshon was bold enough to attempt a scheme for the building of a new chancel in the place of the old and ugly one, but in this he met with opposition from some who argued that the church would stand for another hundred years, and do very well as it was. The vicar's view was that as long as it did stand it would be a standing disgrace, and having at last found sufficient support for his scheme, he at once set it on foot. The foundation-stone of the new chancel was laid in July last, by Lady Courtenay, and including the window which has been given by Mr. Whidborne, of Teignmouth, and the new pulpit, the gift of a lady, the whole work will not cost much less than £2000. The church will be reopened during the first week in August. The vicar, who has had singular difficulties to deal with throughout, is determined that the new chancel shall be something so superior to the old édifice that

the parishioners will see the necessity for a total restoration of their church.

CANON LIDDON ON CITY BENEFICES.-The following letter has been published:"Christ Church, Oxford, June 8, 1876. My dear Sir,-Į thank you for the papers you have sent me with reference to the Union of Benefices Bill. I cannot, I fear, do more than enclose a small trifié towards paying your postage expenses, &., as I have no parish of my owa and my time is taken up by University and other business. But I am glad of the opportunity of expressing to you my sympathy with, and respect for, your resistance to this measure. The interests at stake are not merely, or chiefly, historical and antiquarian; although these of course have their weight. Proposals like that before Parliament appear to ignore the serious truth, that the real work of the ministers of Christ lies in building up the Christian life in single souls: surely, under any circumstances, a very difficult work, and more easily to be carried out in a small parish than in a large one. Instead of this, the modern ideal is that of a very diluted "influence for good" of some kind, exerted, through public addresses and similar means, over large masses of people. This ideal is really, as I believe, a social rather than a properly religious, one; but it is in harmony with the temper, and it satisfies the public conscience, of our age. Surely a small city parish, into the work of which a clergyman throws his whole mind and heart, might become a focus of intense Christian life, from which it should radiate into surrounding and less favoured districts! The destruction of such parishes involves a forfeiture of the opportunity of doing spiritual work in the most thorough way. It is a step in the direction towards which we have been and are moving more quickly than those of us would wish who believe Christian ty to be something more than a vague influence for social good.-I am, my dear Sir, yours very truly, H. P. LIDDON.-Rev. John Ingle."

THE BISHOP OF DURHAM'S ADVICE TO HIS CLERGY.-It is well that the ancient monuments of the country are not under the care of the present Bishop of Durbam. Some of the papers have reported a speech made by that Prelate at a late reopening of a church in his city which may make us thankful that a Bishop is not absolute master of all the ecclesiastical buildings in his diocese. Speaking of the church whose opening he was celebrating, Bishop Baring "regretted that the north wall had not been knocked down, as it would have been but for a very worthy body called the Archæological Society, who met together and issued their fiat that the wall was to stand because it was 700 years old and ugly." If this be truly reported, it sounds as if the fact of a thing being 700 years old was really, in the Bishop's eyes, ground for knocking it down. The question of ugliness may be passed over, as that is a matter of taste, on which the Bishop and the Archæological Society most likely thought differently. It is to be suppose, too, that the Bishop would not have been satisfied with knocking down the old wall, but that he would have built up a new one of some kind or other. And possibly such a wall as the Bishop would have built up would have seemed ugly in the eyes of the Archæological Society. The principle, then, laid down by the Bishop of Durham is the systematic destruction of everything 700 years old on the ground that it is 700 years old. No adversary of Sir John Lubbock's Bill has yet ventured ou so sweeping a dogma as this. One would think that Bishop Baring must have learned it at Rome from some of the Popes of the Renaissance. The Bishop urges his clergy, "when engaged in the restoration of churches, not to be slaves of any antiquarian society, and not to give heed to letters in the newspapers." It is a comfort that they at least need not be slaves of their Bishop. Large parts of the walls of Durham Cathedral are not far short of 800 years old, and in Bishop Baring's eyes they very probably are ugly. Jarrow and Monk wearmouth, the earliest homes of Christianity in Durham, are older still, probably uglier s ill. Some wicked Papists once remarked that, however high the Bishop of Rome might sit, the Bishop of Durham, on his throne in the Cathedral, sat higher still. It is well that Papal exaltation does not carry with it Papal authority, or the Church of St. Cuthbert might have its walls "knocked down as freely as St. Clement or St. John Lateran.-Pall Mall Gazette.

FRAGMENTA VARIA.-Major Ditmas, one of the Secretaries of the Church Associat on, is dead. -The Annual Report of the E.C.U. shows a net gain during the year of 1,275 adherents; the roll now comprising 2,420 clergymen, 5,583 lay members and associates, 5.080 women associates, and 794 ordinary associates, making a total of 13,877.-The Bishopric of Calcutta has been offered to the Rev. J. Moorhouse, Bishop-designate of Melbourne, but he has declined it.-The Bishop of Ely has admitted three lay readers for work in the parish of Houghton Regis, two of them being members of the corporation of the adjoining town of Dunstable.The Home Secretary has intimated to the Rector of Truro that in the event of the Cornish Bishopric Bill becoming law, the Episcopal seat will be at that town.-Dr. Griffiths, late Canon of Rochester, has given £1,000 to the Clergy Orphan School.-About 1,500 children belonging to Church Sunday-schools in Canterbury, attended a special service held in the Cathedral on the afternoon of Trinity Sunday, when the Archbishop addressed them.-The anniversary festival of Cuddesdon Theological College was observed on Tuesday week, when there was a very large gathering of old students. The Blessed Sacrament was celebrated early in the morning; later in the day Matins was sung and a sermon preached by the Bishop of Maritzburg, followed by a luncheon in the palace grounds, under the presidency of the Bishop of Oxford. Several clergymen stayed behind for a retreat.-An effort is being made to rebuild the parish church of Lower Brixham, Devon, as a memorial to the Rev. H. F. Lyte, the author of " Abide with Me," and other well-known hymns, who was for twenty-five years, till his death in 1847, the incumbent of that parish.-The Rev. W. S. Rainsforth, Curate of St. Giles's, Norwich, is said to have left the Anglican Communion and joined some schismatical sect.-The Rev. W. H. Davies, Rector of Compton, near Guildford, whilst preaching in his church on Trinity Sunday was seized with a fit and died shortly afterwards-The Archbishop of York has left England for Switzerland.-In memory of the late Lord Lyttelton subscriptions are invited for the purpose of placing in Worcester Cathedral