My endeavours have not been wanting, during your recels, to improve the happy profpect which was in view, by entering into fuch negociations, as I judged melt conducive to thofe good ends: and it is with pleasure I can acquaint you, that many defects in the treaties of Utrecht, which very nearly affected the trade. and even the fecurity of thefe kingdoms, have been remedied by fubfequent conventions, the happy confequences of which have already very fenfibly appeared, by the flourishing condition of our trade and credit. By the alliance lately concluded with France and the States-general, we are foon to be exfed of all fu ure apprehenfions from Dunkirk and Mardyke The Pretender is actually removed beyond the Alps: his adherents are deprived of all hopes of lupport and countenance from France; and even the affiftance of that Crown is tipulated to us in cafe of exigency It teemed reasonable to expect, that fuch a fluation of affairs at home and abroad thould have covered from their delufion all fuch of our fubjects, as had unhappily been feduced by the craft and wickedness of defperate and ill defigning men, and thereby have afforded me the opportunity, which I defired, of following the natural bent of my own inclinations to lenity, by opening this feffion with an act of grace. But fuch is the obtinate and inveterate rancour of a faction amongst us, that it hath again prompted them to animate and ftir up foreign Powers to difturb the peace of their native country: they will chufe rather to make Britain a fcene of blood and confufion, and to venture even the putting this kingdom under a foreign yoke, than give over their darling defign of impofing a Popish Pretender. I have ordered to be laid before you copies of letters which have paffed between the Swedish Minifters on this occafion, which contain a certain account of the projected invafion and I promife myfelf from your experienced zeal and affection to my perfon and Government, that you will come to fuch refolutions as will en able me, by the bleffing of God, to defeat all the defigns of our enemies against us. <Gentlemen of the House of Commons, I did hope the putting an end to the late rebellion would have fo far fecured the peace and tranquillity of the nation, that I might, confiftently with the fafety of my people, have made a confiderable reduc tion of the forces. But the preparations which are making from abroad, to invade us, oblige me to afk fuch fupplies, as you fhall find abfolutely neceffary for the de fence of the kingdom. "You are all fenfible of the insupportable weight of the national debts, which the public became engaged for, from the neceffity of the times, the preffure of a long and expenfive war, and the languishing ftate of public credit. But, the scene being now fo happily changed, if no. new ditturbances thall plunge us again into freights and difficulties, the general expectation feems to require of you, that you fhould turn your thoughts towards fome method of extricating yourselves, by reducing, by degrees, the debts of the nation. My Lords and Gentlemen, I have an intire confidence in you, and have therefore nothing to ask, but that you would take fuch measures as will beit fecure your religion and liberties. While you preferve those inestimable bleffings, I fhall fit eafy and fife on my Throne, haveing no other view but the happiness and profperity of my people. The King being withdrawn, and the Cominons returned to their House, Mr. Secretary Stanhope laid before them copies of the letters which paffed between Count Gyllenburg, the Barons Gortz and Sparre, and others, relating to a design of raifing a rebellion in Great Britain, to be fupported by an invation from Sweden. By thefe letters it appeared, that a defign war formed to dethrone King George, and conducted in fuch a manner, as almost to warrant fuccefs. Artful papers were published to foment and increase discontent and divifion; the apparent tranquillity enjoyed in Great Britain was to be an occafion of requiring and obtaining the reduction of the national, and difmiffion of the foreign forces; ships, bought at different places, were to assemble at Gottenburg by the end of March, when the east winds ufually blow, on board of which 8000 foot, and four thoufand horfe, were to embark with artillery, ammunition, and arms for fifteen thousand men. The great number of the difaffec ted had been fo far relied on, that the fecret of the negociation had been trusted in England but to very few perfons; nothing was tranfacted in writing; no treaty was made; the mutual concern for the fuccefs of the undertaking was, as it were, the warrant for the promises that were given. This method of treating prolonged the negociations, but withal was a fecurity against the ill confequences of a difcovery. Both fides were equally defirous of being concealed. The King of Sweden abfolutely refused to appear in the affair, till the time of execution; and the Pretender's friends, with whom Count Gyllenburg treated at London, would not engage for any thing till they had his master's word. They did not care to labour in vain; but, as foon as they fhould have the affurance of his affiftance, money should not be want ing, nor means to fupport the affair. Upon this, Baron Gortz fpoke out more plainly He fent word, he had done nothing but upon the knowledge of his mafter's intentions, and had lately been impowered in form to profecute the enter prize. He fent a copy of his full powers, which were unlimited, and it was vifible they were fo extenfive, only because there might be no occafion to mention the affair, which was to be concealed from the Minifters at Stockholm. This affurance removed all uneafinefs and irrefolution; money was given; views were explained; means of fubfifting the foreign troops were particularifed; a perfon was procured, who was perfectly acquainted with the coafts where it was refolved they should land; thips of war were provided, from fixty to feventy guns; merchant-men, that were to carry corn to Gottenburg, were to ferve for tranfports. The scheme was well laid, and the execution feemed infallible, especially, if the army had been reduced, and the Dutch forces fent home. Twelve thoufand chofen Swedes, in a condition to receive thofe that were ready to join them, would have quickly formed a powerful army: encouraged by fuch an army, the people would have rifen on all fides: the Highlanders would have all been in arms: the torrent would have increafed without ceafing, and a battle would have decided the affair. Thus much is certain, the project was infinitely better concerted than the laft year's: the continual motions of the Swedish forces would have ferved to cover the true defign, till it would have been too late to oppofe it a few days were fufficient to convey them into Scotland or England. But a timely discovery confounded all these meafures, and established King George on the Throne. The letters, being read in both Houses, railed the utmost indignation in all the wellaffected to the Government, and addreffes were prefented, full of the most lively ex preffions of loyalty and zeal, and of refentment against the proceedings of the late Miniftry. The Loids, in their address, faid, "We are fenfible that the grofs defects and pernicious confequences of the late treaty of Utrecht could not have been remedied, but by your Majesty's unwearied application for the good of your fubjects, and by that just regard, which is paid by foreign Potentates to your known wifdom and integrity. It is with unfpeakable fatisfaction, that we fee your Majesty's endeavours fuccefsful in fuch conventions as have already given new life to our trade and credit; and particularly in the treaty lately concluded with France and the Statesgeneral. As your Majefty has, by this treaty, recovered to us, in fo great a meafure, thofe advantages, which might have been expected from a glorious and successful war, and were given up by a treache rous and dishonourable peace; we beg leave to congratulate your Majesty upon an alliance which opens to us a fair profpect of an undisturbed fucceffion, an equal balance of power, and a flourishing com merce. We return your Majefty our moft humble thanks, for your Majefty's most gracious condefcenfion, in having laid before your Parliament the difcoveries concerning the intended invafion; and cannot but regard, with the utmoft horror and indignation, the malice and ingratitude of those who have encouraged fuch an attempt againft their King and country. We are forry to find, that your Majefty's lenity has been ineffectual towards reclaiming a faction, who have rendered themselves fo obnoxious to your juftice.' When this addrefs was reported to the Houfe, a debate arofe on account of the Lord Coningby's urging it very earnestly, that the peace of Utrecht was treacherous and difhonourable. The Bishop of London afferted the contrary, and faid, He himself drew up the inftruments of that treaty; and, in his opinion, it was as good a peace as had been concluded for thefe forty years paft.' Lord Coningsby replied, He did not intend any perfonal reflection on any perfon; but the venerable Prelate who spoke laft might remember, that, about two years ago, when the Minifters who made the late peace were impeached, his Lord hip declared, he was kept in the dark, and fcarce knew any thing of what was doing at Utrecht.' The Commons, in their addrefs, obferved, That they could not, but with the highest refentment and indignation, look upon upon the obftinate and inveterate rancour of those who were again endeavouring to embroil their native country in blood and confufion and that it was aftonishing to find, that any who called themfelves Proteftants, could be so inflexible and reftiefs in their endeavours to impofe upon us a Popish Pretender, and rather venture to fubject the kingdom to a foreign yoke, than depart from their darling and avowed defign of altering and fubverting the prefent happy establishment in the Proteftant fucceffion. They conclude, We are all but too fenfible of the infupportable weight of the national debts, and therefore will not neglect to apply ourselves, with all poffible diligence and attention, to the great and neceffary work of reducing and leftening, by degrees, this heavy burden, which may prove the most effectual means of preferving to the public funds a real and certain fecurity.' The Convocation alfo prefented a very loyal addrefs, wherein was the following paragraph: We have feen, in the late declarations of fome of thefe men, who, nevertheless, call themselves by the name of Proteftants, what we muft look for, fhould a Popish Prince ever fit upon the Throne of thefe kingdoms. Whilst they allow us no better a character than that of Schifmatics and Heretics, of men cut off from the communion of Chrift's Church, and all the hopes of falvation, What can be expected from profeffed Papifts, who account no better of them (however they may flatter themselves) than they do of us; but that both they and we fhall be utterly deltroyed by them?" But the University of Oxford did not fhew them elves fo loyal; for, at the meeting of the Vice-chancellor, and other heads of the University, Dr. Dunfter, Warden of Wadham-college, having made a motion for an addre's to the King, and being fupported by Dr. Wynne, Bishop of St. Afaph, and by the Warden of Mertoncollege; Dr. Smairidge, Bishop of Bristol, de fired to know the fubject of the addrefs. Bithop Wynne readily anfwered, That they might addrefs upon these three heads: 1. The fuppreffion of the late unnatural rebellion: 2. The King's fafe return: 3. The favour fhewn by the Court to the Univerfity, in granting their late request,' that the Officers of Sterne's regiment, quartered at Oxford, fhould not burn publicly, on the day of his Majefty's arrival, the effigies of the Devil, Pope, Pretender, Ormond, Mar, and others.* The Bishop Smalridge, replied, The rebellion had been fuppreffed long before; a Thanksgiving had already been obferved for it, and therefore he thought it now too late to addrefs upon that subject.' As to the fecond, There would be no end of addrefles, if they made one upon fuch an occafion. And as for the third, The late favour they had received was overbalanced, by having a whole regiment quartered upon them. Dr. Charlett, the Matter of Univerfity-college, urged, That there was no precedent for addreffing a King, who returned from his German territories.' Dr. Gardiner was against addreffing, to fave charges, on pretence, that they were out of cafh. Dr. Cobb, and others, made other objections, and fo the motion for addreffing dropped. But the Univerfity of Cambridge did not follow their example, but prefented a loyal addrefs, wherein they owned the King to be their only rightful and lawful Sovereign. [To be continued. ] ACCOUNT of the Manner in which the Ruffians treat Perfons affected by the Fumes of burning Charcoal: Extracted from a Letter from Dr. Guthrie of St. Petersburg to Dr. Priestley. [ From the Philofophical Tranfactions, Part II, 1779.] RUSSIAN houfes are heated by the is compofed, as hot as you defire, and fuf means of ovens, and the manner of heating them is as follows: a number of billets of wood are placed in the peech or flove, and allowed to burn till they fall ina mafs of bright red cinders; then the vent above is fhut up, and likewife the door of the peech, which opens into the room, in order to concentrate the heat; this makes the tiles, of which the peech ficiently warms the apartment; but fometimes a fervant is to negligent as to shut up the peech or oven before the wood is fufficiently burnt; for the red cinders fhould be turned over from time to time, to fee that no bit of wood remains of a blackish colour, but that the whole mafs is of an uniform glare (as if almoft tranfparent) before the openings are shut, eite the the ugar or vapour is fure to fucceed to mifmanagement of this fort, and its effects are as follows: If a perfon lays himfelf down to fleep in the room, expofed to the influence of this vapour, he falls into fo found a fleep, that it is difficult to awake him, but he feels (or is infenfible of) nothing. There is no fpafm excited in the trachea arteria,' or lungs, to roufe him, nor does the breathing, by all accounts, seem to be particularly affected; in fhort, there is no one Lymptom of fuffocation, but, towards the end of the catastrophe, a fort of groaning is heard by the people in the next room, which brings them fometimes to the relief of the fufferer. If a perfon only fits down in the room, without intention to fleep, he is after fome time feized with a drowfinefs and inclination to vomit. However, this laft symptom seldom affects a Ruffian, it is chiefly foreigners, who are awaked to their dangers by a naufea; but the natives, in common with ftrangers, perceive a dull pain in their heads, and if they do not remove directly, which they are often too fleepy to do, are foon deprived of their fenfe and power of motion, infomuch that, if no perfon fortunately discovers them within an hour, after this worft ftage, they are irrecoverably loft; for the Ruffians fay, that they do not fucceed in reftoring to life those who have lain more than an hour in a state of intenfibility. The recovery is always attempted, and often effected, in this manner: they carry the patient immediately out of doors, and lay him upon the fnow, with nothing on him but a thirt and linen drawers. His ftomach and temples are then well rubbed with fnow, and cold water or milk is poured down his throat. This friction is continued with fresh snow until the livid A 1 hue, which the body had when brought out, is changed to its uatural colour, and life renewed; then they cure the violent head-ach, which remains, by binding on the forehead a cataplasm of black rye bread and vinegar.. In this manner the unfortunate man is perfectly restored, without blowing up the lungs, as is neceffary in the cafe of drowned perfons; on the contrary, they begin to play of themselves as foon as the furcharge of phlogifton makes its efcape from the body. It is well worthy of obfervation, how diametrically oppofite the modes are of restoring to life those who are deprived of it by water, and those who have loft it by the fumes of charcoal; the one confifting in the internal and external application of beat, and the other in that of cold. It may be alledged, that the ftimulus of the cold produces heat, and the fact feems to be confirmed by the Ruffian method of restoring circulation in a frozen limb by means of friction with fnow. But what is moft fingular in the cafe of people apparently deprived of life in the manner treated of, is, that the body is much warmer when brought out of the room than at the inftant life is restored, and that they awake cold and fhivering. The colour of the body is alfo changed from a livid red to its natural complexion, which, together with fome other circumftances, would almoft lead me to suspect, that they are reftored to life by the fnow and cold water fome how or other, freeing them from the load of phlogiston with which the fyftem feems to be replete; for although the first application of cold water to the human body. produces heat, yet, very cold atmosphere, if often repeated in it then cools instead of continuing to heat, just as the cold-bath does when a perfon remains too long in it. A remarkable SUICIDE which lately happened at Lyons. Young man well known in that city, handfome, well-made, of an amiable difpofition, and very accomplished, fell in love with a young woman whofe parents refufed their confent to his propofals of marriage. The lover, in an agonizing fit, broke a blood-veffel; the Surgeon declared there was no remedy to ftop the bleeding. His miftrefs found the means of getting an interview with her lover, and prefented him with a brace of piftols and two poignarde, that in cafe the former should fail, the latter might certainly dispatch them. They embraced each other tenderly, for the laft time. The triggers of both the pistols were faftened to rofe-coloured ribbands. The lover took hold of the ribband of that piftol which was defigned to dispatch his mistress, he held that defigned for her lover; at a fignal agreed upon, they both fired at the fame time, and both instantly fell down dead. ANEC ANECDOTES of the late Dr. GOLDSMITH. We have already given the Life of this excellent Poet in our Magazine for May, 1774. The Life of a Scholar,' as he himself has remarked, feldom aboands with adventure. But we are fond of talking of those who have given us Pleafure; and the most trivial Particulars, which in a common Man would pafs unnoticed, form the most interefting Traits in the Character of a Man of Genius. We flatter ourselves, therefore, that fome further Anecdotes, characteristic of this great and fingular Man, will not be ill received by our Readers, as a Supplement to his Life. HILE Dr. Goldfmith continued, finith imagine that he should be one day Win Trinity College, Dublin, he ex- obliged to afk a favour from the director hibited no fpecimens of that genius, which, in his maturer years, raised his character fo high; and it was not till 1749, two years after the regular time, that he obtained the degree of Batchelor of Arts. The more early particulars of his life have been already inferted in our Maga zine. His vifit to the Duke of Northumberland, and the ftrange blunder he committed, in mistaking the' Duke's Gentleman for the Duke himself, is likewife well known. The Doctor, at that time, was much embarraffed in his circumftances, but, vain of the honour done him, was conftantly mentioning it. One of thofe ingenious executors of the law, a bailiff, who had a writ against him, determined to turn this circumftance to his own advantage. He accordingly wrote a letter to him, that he was fteward to a Nobleman, who was charmed with reading his laft production, and had ordered him to defire the Doctor to appoint a place where he might have the honour of meeting him, in order to conduct him to his Lordship. Poor Goldfinith was too vain not to fwallow the bait immediately. He appointed a coffee-houfe, to which he was conducted by his friend Mr. Hamilton, the Printer of the Critical Review, who in vain remonftrated to him. on the fingularity of the application. On entering the coffee-room, the bailiff paid his refpects to the Doctor, and defired that he might have the honour of immediately attending him. They had fcarce entered Pall-mall, in their way to his Lordship, when the bailiff produced his writ; but, Mr. Hamilton generously paying the money, the Doctor was redeemed from captivity. The first knowledge Mr. Garrick had of his abilities was from Goldfmith's attack upon him, in his Prefent State of Learning in Europe. Little did Gold of a theatre. However, when the office of Secretary to the Society of Arts and Sciences became vacant, the Doctor was perfuaded to offer himself a candidate. He was told that Mr. Garrick was one of the leading members, and that his interest would be of consequence. He waited upon the manager, and requefted his vote and intereft. Mr. Garrick could not avoid obferving, that it was impoffible he could lay claim to his recommendation, as he had taken pains to deprive himself of his affistance, by an unprovoked attack upon his management of the theatre. Goldfmith bluntly answered, In truth he had spoken his mind, and believed what he faid was very right. The manager difmiffed him with civility, and Goldsmith loft the office by a very great majority. Mr. Davies (from whofe Life of Garrick we felect fome of these anecdotes) has rather given a harsh colouring to fome features of the Doctor's character. He was a perfect Heteroclite (fays he) an inexplicable existence in creation; such a compound of abfurdity, envy, and malice, contrafted with the oppofite virtues of kindness, generofity, and benevolence, that he might be faid to confift of two distinct fouls, and to be influenced by the agency good and bad spirit. His reputation, which was daily increafing from a variety of fuccefsful labours, was now lifted up fo high, that he escaped from indigence and obfcurity to competence and fame. He had a conftant levee of his diftreffed countrymen, whose wants, as far as he was able, he always relieved. He has been often known to leave himself without a guinea, in order to relieve their neceffities. The poor woman, with whom he had lodged, during his obfcurity, in Green Arbour Court, loft an excellent friend, when he died; for he often fupplied her from his own table, and vilited |