jeant, and 12 marines: I want words to exprefs the obligations I owe that Gentleman ; he was the firft on every service, whether by day or by night: there was fcarcely a gun fired but was pointed by him or Lieutenant Despard, Chief Engineer, who has exerted himself on every accafion: I am perfuaded, if our thot had held out, we fhould have had the fort a week fooner: as Captain Nelfon goes to Jamaica, he can inform you of every delay, and point of fervice, as well as I could, for he knows my very thoughts. The bearer Lieutenant Mounfey can inform your Excellency of many things that may escape my memory: he is a very good Officer, and commanded the party I lent to reconnoitre the Look-out, and began the attack of it in concert with Captain Defpard and Captain_Nelson, who with his feamen volunteered that duty. Answer. The garrison of Fort St. Juan fhall furrender prifoners of war, and hall be conducted to fome port (in my option) of North-America, fubject to the Crown of Spain, and fhall be furnished with veffels and provifions necessary to the voyage provided they engage their parole of honour, not to bear arms against his Britannic Majefty, until an exchange of prifoners fhall have taken place, conformably to such cartel as is or may be established between the two nations. Article II. The garrifon fhall march out with colours flying, each man with a ball in his mouth, lighted matches, drums beating; each foldier shall have twenty rounds, mufquet and fide arms, together with two pieces of cannon (three-pounders) with twenty rounds to each. Answer. The British forces must be put in poffeffion of the principal gate of the fort between the hours of four and five in the afternoon, at which centinels fhall be kept, to prevent the Indians from committing any act contrary to the rules of war or laws of humanity: and, in favour of the gallant defence which the Commandant has made, the garrifon fhall be allowed to march out, colours flying, drums beating, lighted matches, mufquet and fide arms, with two rounds each man, to the foot of the glacis, oppofite to the fouth front of the cattle, where they shall pile up their arms and accoutrements, (the Officers keeping their swords) afterwards they fhall return to the castle. Article III. Every Officer and foldier, on evacuating the castle, shall be allowed. to keep their effects, baggage, money, and whatever elfe may actually belong to them. Anfwer. The Officers and foldiers fhall be allowed to keep their baggage, and whatever money may actually belong them, but every flave must be detained for the ufe of his Britannic Majefty. Article IV: The prifoners made at the advanced poft on the island of Bentole shall be restored. Answer. In cafe the garrifon fhall accept the terms of capitulation offered, the prifoners made at the advanced poft on the island of Bentole fhall be included in it; provided, however, that all flaves fhall appertain of right to the King my Master. Article V. The garrifon fhall be al lowed ten days for the evacuation of the fort, during which time they thall not be molefted by any perfon whatsoever. Anfwer. The garrifon fhall not be molefted by any perfon whatfoever, until their arrival at the place appointed. Article VI. The garrifon fhall be allowed the ufe of their own provifions. Answer. No other answer is neceffary to this article, than that already given to the firft. Article VII. The garrifon fhall be al lowed to carry with them all fuch ornaments and effects as are neceffary to their religion and mode of worship. Answer. Granted in the fulleft fenfe. Article VIII. The British forces fhall treat the garrison with humanity and politenefs, duties incumbent on all nations. Answer. It is the characteristic of Britons to treat their prifoners with humanity and politeness; and I pledge my word to do my utmost to keep the Mofquitos within the hounds of moderation. Articls IX. Should any doubts arife in the preceding articles, they shall be explained in favour of the garrison. Anfwer. As I do not mean to cavil, an answer to this article would be useless ; immediately on being put in poffeffion of D & the the interior of the fort and its dependencies, I mander in Chief. Juan de Ayffa, Governor of the Head Quarters, Camp be- Lift of Prisoners taken in the Castle of St. John's, April 29, 1780. One Captain and Governor, 1 Lieutenant, 2 Sub-lieutenants, 1 Captain of engineers, Captain, I Surgeon, 3 ferjeants, 3 drummers, 9 corporals, 17 foldiers of artillery, 1 cadet, 31 Spanifh foldiers, 61 foldiers of colour, 17 batteaux men, 6 flaves, women and children, 3 malefactors, 17 women, 13 children, I mafter-carpenter, 1 carpenter, ■ black-smith, 2 maíons, 25 wood-cutters, corporal of ditto, 2 Officers and Chaplains fervants, 14 taken at the advanced poft. (Signed) Juan de Ayfa, Governor. Return of the Killed and Wounded at the Taking of Look-out Ifland and the Caftle of St. John's, April 30, 1780 6oth regiment. rank and file killed; 1 ferjeant wounded. 79th regiment. 2 rank and file killed; 3. Loyal Irish corps. 5 rank and file killed. Admiralty Office, July 18, 1780. Extract of a Letter from Admiral Geary, Commander in Chief of a Squadron of his Majefty's Ships employed to the Weftward, to Mr. Stephens, dated at Sea the 5th Inft. MONDAY, the 3d inftant, the Monarch, being a head on the look-out, at ten A. M. made the fignal for seeing a fleet of 25 fail; which judging to be a fquadron of the enemy's fhips of war, and that no time might be loft, I immediately ordered a general chace, which was continued all that day. At five P. M. the Monarch made the fignal to denote that fhe paffed the fternmost of the enemy's fhips without fecuring them, as foon afterwards did the Foudroyant, and fome others of the headmolt fhips, and at the fame time we could plainly discover from the Victory's mast-head, that they were nearly up with the rest of the enemy's fhips. Soon after seven a thick fog unfortunately came on, and I fhortened fail in order to close with the fhips nearest me, fteering the fame course under an easy fail until day-light the morning after. I with pleasure acquaint their Lordfhips, that all the hips have fince rejoined me, except the Monarch and Defence, which I am informed were left in chace of the enemy's fhip of war, under whofe protection the convoy had failed. The fleet which we chaced proves to be a convoy from Port au Prince, of between 25 and 30 fail, under convoy of the Fier of 50 guns, and a large fhip armé en Flute, of which the vessels named in the inclofed lift have been captured; and had it not been for the fudden coming on of the fog at the hour I have mentioned, it is my opinion that every ship of them would have been taken. A Lift of Prizes taken the 4th of July, and other Ports of France. Ship (name unknown) by the Defence. The above veffels are chiefly laden with fugar, coffee, and indigo. FRAN, GEARY. REMARKS REMARKS on the Advantages of watering LANDS. LL lands, which lie low, and near the banks of rivulets, brooks and prings, are capable of being watered, wherever the water is already higher than the lands, and kept within its courfe by the banks. If the rivulet, &c. have a very uick defcent, the improvement by waterng will be very great, and the expences mall, for the greater the defcent, the quicker the improvement. In all level ands the water runs flowly, which in geeral is the cafe alfo in large rivers; thereore but little land can be flooded by them, n comparison of what may be by smaller treams. But whenever large rivers run apidly, are capable of being controuled, and can be brought over the adjacent ands, the advantage is far greater than, can be obtained from rivulets. The water in large rivers is generally he most fruitful, for more land floods fal ing into them, they are fatter, and confequently more enriching to the meadows; but in many parts of the kingdom, where the great rivers are navigable, or have mills erected upon them, there are capital objections to the perfect improvement of the contiguous lands. By fmall rivulets and fprings ufually the moft land may be watered, and certainly with the leaft expence. The various forts of foils to be found near the banks of rivers, brooks, &c. may all be reduced under the three following heads : First, a gravelly, or found, warm, firm, fandy foil, or, which often happens, a mixture of fuch, or indeed almoft any foil that partakes of fuch qualities. Thefe foils, when there happens to be a defcent from the river, make an almost inftantaneous improvement; the fafter the water runs over thefe foils the betterr. Should there happen, fays Blythe, to be a quantity of land that comes under this defcription, not one moment's hefitation fhould be made about the success, for the advantage is the greateft that can be obtained by any mode of husbandry, with the leaf expence, and the greatest degree of certainty.' Second, boggy, miry, and rufhy foils (which always are found by the banks of rivers, where the land lies pretty level) are certainly to be greatly improved; perhaps equally fo with the other already defcribed, when the value of each in their unimproved state is confidered; for this fort of land is fcarcely worth any thing in that ftate; but by being properly watered, may be made to produce a large quantity of hay that will winter, and greatly forward horned cattle; although in its uncultivated form it would not maintain any kind of flock all the winter, and but very little in the fummer months. It must be observed, that, to bring this fort of land into a proper ftate, much more expence and judgment is neceffary, than in the former. Third, ftrong, wet, cold, clay foils are the moft difficult to be improved, as well from their fituation, which is mostly a dead level, as from their tenacity, which will not admit of draining, but with great expence, much care and attention, and even then, unless a ftrong body of water can be procured to throw over them, and that from a river, whofe water is fruitful, little advantage will be reaped; but whenever thofe advantages can be had in the winter, and a warin fpring fucceeds, the crops of grafs upon thefe lands are immense. Rivulets and brooks are the streams that can be used to the greatest advantage, becaufe the expence of erecting wares acrofs them will not be great, neither are there any of thofe objections to which large rivers are liable; befides, if they run through a cultivated country, the land floods, occafioned by violent rains, bring a very large quantity of manure, fuch as chalk water, fheeps dung, and the ftraining of the arable fields, as well as the fcourings of the roads and ditches, the runnings of the farm-yards, the drains and finks from the towns and villages; all of which are otherwife carried, by the rains, into the leffer, and from thence into the larger ftreams, and are totally loft to the farmer. It is inconceivable, what twenty-four hours water properly conveyed over the lands will do, in a dry fummer ; a beautiful verdure will arife in a few days, where a parched, rufty foil could only be feen; and one acre will then be found to maintain more ftock than ten would before. The peculiar benefit of fuch feed at fuch time let thofe farmers estimate, who have experienced a dry fummer with a large ftock, and no meadows. A third advantage muft not be paffed over, as it may poffibly ftimulate fome farmers to attempt to water their coarse lands. Every per perfon who has a breeding ftock of ewes knows the difficulty of procuring proper food for the lambs in February, March and April, after the turnips are eaten, or when they have failed, and before the natural or artificial graffes are fit to take them. This difficulty is effectually remedied by the Water Meadows, which, when laid up in time, properly watered, and drained, will have a fufficient bite for the ewes and lambs by the end of February, and they may be kept in them with perfect fafety, till the end of April; nothing makes the ewe thrive better than this fpring grafs, or produces more milk; this is called Spring feeding the meadows. To thefe advantages another may be addreffed to the Gentleman, who wishes to improve his eftate; and whose benevolent heart prompts him to extend a charitable hand to the relief of the induftrious poor, and not to the encouragement of idleness and vice; almoft the whole of the expences in this mode of cultivation is the actual manual labour of a clafs of people, who have no genius to employ their bodily ftrength otherways, for their's and their families fupport: confequently, viewed in this light, the expences can be compararatively but small, the improvement great and durable. To the PROPRIETORS of the UNIVERSAL MAGAZINE. GENTLEMEN, T has been for several months a matter I of aftonishment to me as well as to many others, that bread has been continued at fo high a price, especially when it is condered that the two laft harvests were the moft plentiful ever remembered; yet this fuperabundance, this undeferved bounty of Providence, has been in a great measure defeated by the fordid views of a few felf-inBerefted individuals, who to enrich them felves turn a deaf ear to the great numbers who are pining in penury and want, and who (hame to our laws) are fuffered to thrive upon the diftreffes of the needy and indigent. That this is the cafe, let us turn our attention to the fale of wheat at that great mart of grain, Bear-Key, and we hall find that the average price for fome time paft has not exceeded feven pounds a load, confequently the loaf may be afforded for fourpence halfpenny, and an ample profit left for the baker; nor can I account for its being dearer, unless it is owing to thofe harpies the mealmen, who at all events fhould be checked in the fhameful practice of artfully keeping up the price of Bour. How the chief Magiftrate can acquit An ESSAY on FEMALE EDUCATION. Tiens hiftory takes lets notice of, tied by Solon, the famous Athenian lawfew sketches of the plan of education fetgiver, are the most ancient that have been handed down to our times; and they ferve to corroborate an opinion, which we have always entertained, that the education of the Ancients was more directed to improve the body than the mind. Solon or tion we know, from the flory of Virginia, they received at public schools; where fciences and literature, no longer confined to rigid philofophers only, began to affume a fofter form, and to fuit themselves to female talents and genius. It has long been alledged by the men, that the women, when learned, are generally pedants; how far this opinion is juft, we fhall not pretend to determine; but dained, that youth general fhould be firft taught to fwim, and to imbibe the rudiments of literature; that the poor fhould be inftructed in trades, mechanic arts, and agriculture; but that fuch as could afford a genteel education fhould learn to play on mufical inftruments, to ride, to hunt, and be expert in every kind of exercife; to all which they were to add the study of philofophy. Such was his fyftem of male education; a fyftem more calcula-fhould it really be fo, we may naturally ted to strengthen the body than to cultivate the mind. Such gleanings of his female fyftem as have reached our times are still more extraordinary: young women were ordered to exercise themselves in running, wrestling, throwing quoits, darts, and other mafculine amufements; which muft have tended in the ftrongest manner to deftroy every feed of delicacy that Nature had implanted in the female mind; and which, in all probability, gave birth to that boldness and effrontery, for which the Athenian women at last were so remarkable. enough account for it: the knowledge of women, in general, is much less extensive than that of the men; on this account, when any individual among them finds that he is poffefled of a confiderable share of knowledge, the confiders herself as thereby fo much elevated above the rest of her fex, that the cannot help taking every opportunity of fhewing this elevation. The Romans took great pains in teaching their young men. Those who could afford it commonly kept in their own houses preceptors to inftruct them; those who could not fent them to public schools, where they were generally inftructed by Grecian mafters; besides these methods, fuch fathers as were capable taught their own children, not only the literature of the times, but also morality, and their duty to their country. Cato inftructed his fon in fuch a variety of arts and exercifes, as feem almoft improbable; and Auguftus, though Sovereign of the world, taught his grandchildren to write. When fuch were the teachers, when fuch the love of learning, we may affure ourselves that women, who had now attained no small importance, were not neglected; and it is probable, from that greatnefs of mind, which many of them in a variety of inttances difplayed, that their education had always a tendency, not only to inspire them with fentiments of morality, but likewife with that inflexible conftancy and firmness of mind, fo exceedingly neceffary in a itate, whofe agitations and convulfions were fo frequent, that every member flood in need of the utmoft fortitude to sustain the shock. In Rome, however, we find them not only emerging from flavery, but ftarting up at once into real importance. In the earlier periods of this great republic, the Romans had but few laws, and no intercourfe but with rude and ferocious neighbours like themselves: hence the only education of men was that of war, rigid aconomy, and inflexible patriotilin; which are all virtues of neceffity in the infancy of almost every ftate. The edu cation of the women confifted in learning the duties and employments of domestic life: fuch as cookery, spinning, weaving, and fewing; which were taught them by their mothers or relations. In thofe days, children were not fuckled in the hut of a mercenary nurse, but by the chalte mother who bore them; their education, during nonage, was in her hands; and it was her chief care to infil into them every virtuous principle: in her prefence, every loote word, or improper action, were strictly prohibited; the tuperintended not only their ferious ftudies, but even their amuse ments, which were always conducted with During the long and fuccessful reign of decency and moderation. But by de- chivalry in Europe, as women were the grees, as the Romans became rich with conftant object of romantic heroism and the plunder of their neighbours, as the extravagant adoration, we may naturally tafte for the arts and sciences became more conclude, that their education tended general, the education of the women be- chiefly to enable them to fhew themselves gan to be extended on a larger scale; and in fuch a manner as to excite heroes to to the domestic duties, taught them by fight for, and lovers to adore them. Even their mothers, were added fuch parts of fo late as the beginning of the fourteenth polite education as were thought neceffary century, there was hardly any learning afor cultivating their minds: this educa-mong the men; the Greek was fo entirely neg |