Man is his paradife. He never leaves i without regret; never returns to it but with gladness. The friend of his foul, the wife of his bofom, welcomes his approach with fufceptibility; joy flushes her cheeks, and mutual are their tranfports. Infants, lovely as the fpring, climb about his knees, and contend which fhall catch the envied kifs of paternal fondness. Smiling plenty, under the guardianship of Oeconomy, is feen in every department of his family. Generofity ftands porter at his door. Liberality prefides at his tables and focial mirth gives to time its most pleafing motion. To the exiftence of a Married Man there is no termination. When Death overtakes him, he is only tranflated from one heaven to another; his glory is immortalized, and his children's children reprefent him on earth to the laft generation. The HISTORY of ENGLAND continued from Page 250 of our laft. AS the change in the Miniftry had caufed a divifion among the Whigs, fome adhering to thofe that were in, and others 10 thofe that were out of place, an oppofition was formed by thofe laft in conjunction with the Tories on feveral occafions, This evidently appeared when Sir William Windham (who had been difcharged) moved, that Dr. Snape fbould be appointed to preach on the Reftoration of King Charles. The Doctor was one of the King's Chaplains, and Mafter of Eatonfchool, but was of High-church principles, and had lately attacked the Bishop of Bangor. Sir William's motion was feconded by Mr. Shippen, and fupported, not only by feveral Tories, but alfo by all the Whigs, who had lately refigned their employments. Mr. Horace Walpole, who poke after Mr. Shippen, faid,That it was unufual, on fuch occafions, to put the negative on any man, whom a Member of that Houfe had thought fit to name; and that Dr. Snape was not only a perfon of merit and great learning, but had likewife the honour to be one of his Majelly's Chaplains. To thefe commendations Mr. Robert Walpole added, That he knew Dr. Snape to be both a very learned and a very honeft man: that he had not only intrufted him with the education of his own children, but alfo recommended the fons of the Duke of Devonshire and Lord Townshend to his care; and therefore he could not but thiuk, that he might be trufted with preaching a fermon before that Affembly. Mr. Lechmere obferved, That he could not but wonder, that a Member, who had been one of the Managers againft Dr. Sacheverel, fhould now fpeak in behalf of a Divine, who had afferted the fame notions of Paffive-obedience and Non-resistance, for which the other had been profecuted; and who had lately attacked a worthy champion of the Revolution and Proteftant Succeffion. Mr. Aillabie anfwered, That he gave his vote to Dr. Snape, because he looked upon him as a learned and honeft man: and, as for his having written againft the Bishop of Bangor's fermon, he did not think it a fufficient reafon to put upon him a negative, which would be prejudging of a controverfy, that did not properly belong to their cognifance.' The Lord Guernsey fpoke with itill more vehememence in behalf of the Doctor, fo that, the motion being thus ftrongly fupported, he was appointed to preach by a majority of one hundred and forty-one against one hundred and thirty-one. During thefe proceedings, the Minifters were no lefs employed than the meeting of Parliament. Negociations were carrying on, particularly to oblige the King of Sweden to make peace. The Czar had, the last year, married his niece, the Princefe Catharina, to the Duke of Mecklenburg Swherin, and refolved to procure the poffeffion of Wifmar for him. To that Pp2 erd end he had fent first twelve thousand Ruffians (which were afterwards in creafed to twenty-fix thousand) to affift at the taking of that place, when befieged by the Pruffians, Hanoverians, and Danes. But, the town having furrendered before the arrival of his army, his project fell to the ground, nor would the Allies fuffer any of his troops to be, garrifoned there. The Czar was vexed at this difappointment, and from hence may be dated feveral memo rable events, particularly the mifunder-, ftanding between him and the Court of Hanover. but England itself was to feel the effects. The first step to this reconciliation was by the means of Dr. Erfkine to found Prince Menzikoff, who, pleased with the defign, foon brought the Czar into it. But it will presently be feen, how defirous he was to clear himfelf from fuch an imputation. The Czar, having fent his forces into Mecklenburg, refolved to take a tour to France. He arrived at Amfterdam in December, where he expected the Czarina, who attended him in his travels; but the, being big with child, happened to be delivered of a Prince, as he was preparing to Soon after this, a defcent on Schonen fet out from Wefel, and came not to Amwas concerted between the Kings of Bruf- fterdam till the 10th of February. The sia and Denmark, and the Czar, in order Czar remained there and at the Hague till to oblige the King of Sweden to quit Nor- the 4th of April. When King George pafway, where he had penetrated with an fed through Holland, in his way from army of twenty thousand men, and was Hanover, the Czar was there, and, had they advancing towards Chriftianstadt, the ca defired it, might have had an interview, pital of that kingdom. The Czar feemed but the Czar excufed himself on pretence the most forward in this expedition, and of an indisposition. During the Czar's took upon him the command of the united ftay in Holland, the letters of Baron fleets of England, Holland, Denmark, and Gortz and Count Gyllenburg were publishRuffia, in order to drive the Swedish fleeted in England by the King's special cominto port. But this was all outward flow, mand. In these letters, there were fome For the appearance of the British fleet under paffages relating not only to Dr. Erkine Admiral Norris could not be very agrees the Czar's Phylician, but to the Czar himable to the Czar, as it prevented the defigns felf, reflecting on his conduct in regard he had formed against Denmark itself, to King George. Upon this the Czar orafter his disappointment at Wifmar. And dered Weffelouski to present a long memotherefore when, in a Council of War be- rial to King George, wherein he expreffes tween him and the King of Denmark, all a furprize at the malice of his enemies, to things were fettled for the defcent in make him a party concerned in the conSchonen, and the troops ordered to em fpiracy in favour of the Pretender: fhews bark, on a fudden the orders were coun- the improbability of it, as the Pretender termanded, and the project, which was to would not fail (should he succeed) of afreduce the King of Sweden to fuch terms fifting the King of Sweden against him as the Allies fhould think proper to impofe mentions his offering, the last year, on him, was laid alide, after the great guarantee the fucceffion of the Crown of expence the Danes had been at for the Great Britain in the House of Hanover, transportation of the forces, and other though he had obferved several disagreeable preparations. The Czar pretended the fteps taken by the British Minifters at the feafon was too far advanced, and that it Courts of Vienna, Pruffia, and Denmark, would be better to defer the expedition till, and even at the Diet of Ratisbon; and the fpring. This was ftrongly remon though he had been informed that the ftrated against in a long man fefto by the Court of England was privately treating of King of Denmark, to which the Czar a feparate peace with the King of Sweden, knowing his own fecret motives, returned, promifing him affittance on his yielding no anfwer, The Czar had for fome timeup Bremen, tas too plainly appeared by been difcontented with the Alles, who were all for preventing his having any footing in Germany, fo jealous were they of his power; and this difcontent of the Czar was what hindered the ruin of the King of Sweden, and was now like to reconcile him to his most powerful enemy, if Baron Gortz fucceeded in his project of making a peace between them, of which not only Denmark, Pruflia, and Poland, Count Gyllenburgh's letters, offers, how, ever, to establish the ancient good understanding between them, and to concert meafutes for the vigorous profecution of the war against the common enemy: concludes with faying, he could not but be very much concerned at the King's caufing to be printed the malicious infinuations of his enemies, which wounded his honour, without a previous communication of the fame, fame, or demanding an explanation of those paffages, as a good Ally fhould have done. As fome articles of this memorial related to the King as Elector of Hanover, there were two anfwers given to it, one by Mr. Stanhope, the other by the Chan cery of Hanover. The King fays, he is very far from fufpecting the Czar of entering into any engagements in favour of the Pretender: owns (as nothing can teffen the good understanding between them, but the continuance of the Ruffian troops in the empire) he caufed inftances to be made to the Courts of Vienna, Denmark, and Pruffia for uniting their endeavours to perfuade him to remove them: hopes the Czar will have a due regard thereto, and speedily withdraw his troops, fince the continuance of them in the empire intimates a defign quite contrary to the acting against Sweden, and creates fuch distrusts and jealoufies as cannot be otherwise removed. As for the publication of the letters, it was impoffible (fays the memorial) to omit the paffages concerning the Czar, because the King had weighty reafons to impart to the Parliament the letters entire as they were found. The anfwer concluded with affuring the Czar, that he fhould have reafon to be fatisfied, provided he would remove the only obftacle in their mutual understanding, the continuance of the Ruffian troops in the empire. Thele memorials did not reconcile the two Princes: the distance of their dominions, the interefts of their fubjects with regard to commerce, fofpended their refentments, but they were enemies the rest of their life. The Czar, curious as he was, would not have failed of vifiting England in his progrefs, had the two Monarchs been upon good terms. Davido ber 301 been fet at liberty the day before his arrival) with great privacy to an interview at Loo. Gortz undertook to adjust all differences within three months; and the Czar enbetween the Czar and the King of Sweden, gaged to fufpend all operations against Sweden till the end of that term. 16 F of by the British Refident at Peterburg, This interview having been complained the Czar's Minifters at firft denied it, but foon after were obliged to own it. The late Duke of Ormond, with one Mr. Jernegan, a Roman Catholic, was come to Mittau in Courland to propofe a marriage between one of the Czar's daughters and the Pretender, and to offer to fuade the King of Sweden to make peace go and with the Czar, and affift in fetting the perPretender on the Throne of Great Britain but the propofal of the marriage interfered with Baron Gortz's fcheme, who had long intended that Princefs for the Duke of Holftein, to whom he was afterwards married. Mr. Jernegan was fent to Sweden for leave that the Duke of Ormond might come there as the Pretender's Minifter. The answer he brought to the Duke was, that the King of Sweden had itrong reafons for not admitting him. He was was left to manage the business at Petersfoon after fent from Mittau, and Jernegaн burg, with all poffible fecrecy. Mean while a Congrefs was formed at Abo, bewhich was afterwards removed to Aland. tween the Swedish and Ruffian Minifters, E only Ingria, and part of Carelia, but alfo The Czar's chief aim was to keep not Revel, with Estonia, and Riga, with Livonia, and to reffore to Sweden only Finland and the rest of Carelia. Baron Gortz flattered the Czar with the hopes of the King of Sweden's confent to these him in reftoring Stanislaus, and retaking dorodceffions, in confideration of his affisting what Denmark and England had conquered upon Sweden. The King of Pruffia was to be included in the treaty, and the Czar the better to make his own terms, engaged to prevail with him to restore Stetin for an equivalent fomewhere else. Upon thefe foundations Baron Gortz and M. Ofterman, the Czar's Plenipotentiary," concerted the plan of a peace between the Czar and the King of Sweden. By this plan the conqueft of Norway was defigned. The Czar was obliged to affilt his Swedish Majesty in that expedition, and both promifed to unite all their forces against the King of Great Britain, in cafe he thould interpofe. This feemed to have a view to the intereft of the Pretender, and a defign The Czar, after having spent three months in Holland, refolved upon a tour to the Court of France, with design to enter into a confederacy with the Regent of France. He offered to pour a numerous army into the empire, which fhould be at the difpofal of the Regent, provided he would pay him the fubfidies he demanded, which were very large. But his offer was rejected, and communicated by the Regent to King George. However, the Czar, during his ftay at Paris, concluded a treaty of friendship with France, in which the King of Pruffia was included, and, being preffed by the Regent, he promifed to withdraw his forces from Mecklenburg. The Czar, at his return to Amfterdam, admitted Baron Gortz (who had of of an invasion in Scotland, after the conqueft of Norway. When Baron Gortz fet out from A Land with the plan of peace, in order to obtain his master's content, the King of Sweden was with his army before Free derickstadt, in Norway, where he was killed in the night, between the 29th and 30th of November, 1718. Baron Gortz, not being infarmed of his death, was ar refted on the road, and having drawn upon himself the hatred of the nasion, and refents ment of the Nables, whom be had treated with haughtiness, he was by them condemned to the scaffold, where he died with great refolution. By the King of Sweden's death the face of affairs in the North was en tirely changed: Sweden was forced to sub, mit; the Czar, King of Denmark, and King George as Elector of Hanover, remained in poffeffion of what they had ac quired. Thefe affairs, though not ended till the following year, have been related at once to prevent any farther recourfe to them. But to return to England. The Earl of Oxford had now been confined in the Tower almoft two years, and, finding the feffion was like to end without entering upon his cafe, he caufed a petition to be prefented to the Houfe of Lords, wherein he submitted his cafe to their Lordships confideration, praying, that his imprisonment might not be indefinite, The Lord Trevor, who prefented his pe tition, made a long fpeech in his favour, as did alfo the Duke of Buckingham, the Earls of Nottingham and Abingdon, and the Lords Harcourt and North and Grey. It was infifted in the Earl's behalf, that the impeachment was destroyed and deter mined, fince he was not brought to his trial the fame feffion, in which he was impeach ed; and that the prorogation fuperfeded: the whole proceedings. The Earl of Nottingham, who in 1715, when an fa vour, had been one of the most zealous against the Minifters of the late Queen, fienuously infilted upon the impeachment's being fuperfeded by the prorogation, and demanded leave to enter his proteftation against the vote paffed to the contrary, by a majority of eighty-leven to forty-five This being rejected, the Duke of Buck ingham moved to appoint a day for the Earl's trial, which, after fome debates, and appointing a Committes to fearch for precedents, was fixed and appointed. It is remarkable, that the appointing a day did not occafion to long a debate as the fhortening the day, and that the Earl's friends preffed the Houle to appoint a fhort day, while the other fide pleaded f time. Accordingly the Duke of Buckingham, who had made the motion, declared in a speech for a fhort day, and named the 6th of June. But the Earl of Sunderland and the Lord Coningsby were for fending a meffage to the Commons, to know whether they were ready, or to appoins the 13th of June for the trial. After fome debate, the 13th was appointed by a majority of eighty-five againit forty-four, and a mellage was fent to the Commons to acquaint them with the fame. This mellage caufed no lefs debates among the Commons. They faw the face of their affairs a little changed: fame wha had been active in this profecution when it was first begun, and upon whom the House might be faid in fome measure to depend for carrying it on, feemed to look coldly upon the matter, and to decline the work, or at least to have lefs of that confidence, the Houfe ufually thewed them before. This caused a vote to appoint a Committee to enquire into the fate of the Earl of Oxford's impeachment. The Committe found upon enquiry, that feveral Members of the Secret Committee (who begun the profecution) had been called up to the House of Peers, as the Lords Onflow, Coningsby, and Marsham, and that others feemed remifs, or were abfent. Therefore the Houfe was moved, and did agree, that Mr. Carter, Sir. William Thompion, the Serjeants Birch, Pengelly, and Reynolds, should be added to the Secret Committee. At their first meeting, Mr. Carten was chofen Chairman in the room of Mr. Walpole, who, with feveral others, abfented himself. For this reafon Mr. Secretary Addison, Mr. Craggs, Serjeant Mead, and Mr. Jeffop, and a little after Mr. Lechmere, now Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, were added to the number. *: All the eminent Lawyers of the House being thus named to be of the Committee, they immediately fell to preparing to make good the articles of impeachment, in cafe the Houfe fhould agree to proceed to the trial; but all the while they left people in fufpence as to their refolution, even till the day before the trial was to be. The King had appointed Lord Chancellor Cowper to be Lord High-fleward on this occation, and all things were in readiness for the trial; when, on the 12th of june, ameffage was fent from the Commons to the Lords, to demand longer time for their pre preparations, purfuant to the following report of the Committee: That the Committee had met several times, and made some progress in the matters to them referred ; but that the profecu tion of the impeachment having been inter rupted for fo many months, by the interven tion of many weighty and urgent affairs, which more nearly and immediately concerned the welfare, defence, and fecurity of the kingdom, it was become abfolutely ne ceffary for thofe, who should be appoint ed to manage the impeachment, to review and carefully perufe all the treaties, records, letters, and other papers proper and neceffary for fupporting this profecution; which being voluminous, it would be impoffible, within the time appointed for the trial, to adjust and apply the proper evidence to the several articles. N ANECDOTE of the prefent TOTHING can more endear a Mo narch to his subjects, or render him more illuftrious in the estimation of the Thinking and the Good in all countries, than when he difpenfes his bounties with a fingle eye to the claims of Humanity,, uninfluenced by the ignoble views of Party, or the interested folicitations of the Great and Affluent. Of this his moft Chriftian Majefty has lately given an inftance, which, while it befpeaks the goodness of his heart, cannot fail to give him the noblest right to the appellations of the Great and the Upon this message, the Earl of Sunderland moved to allow the Commons a fort night The Duke of Devonshire faid, Twelve days were sufficient. The Lords Trevor, Harcourt, and others, infitted that, the Lords having fixed a day for the trial, they ought not to grant any farther time: but the Duke of Devonshire's 'motion for twelve days was carried by feventy-fix against fifty-feven; and the 24th of June was appointed for the day of trial, of which notice was fent to the Commons. Upon this the Commons, to let it be feen that they refolved to go on with the trial, voted the preparatory orders, and appointed the Committee, with four other Members, to be the managers to make good the articles of impeachment. [To be continued.] 1 FRENCH KING. Well-beloved, with which Adulation had dignified his two immediate Predeceffors. The Prince de Mont barey lately prefented a lift to his Majefty of the young Gentlemen, who were candidates for the vacant places in the Military School. In this lift were a great number who were very strongly recommended by persons of the highest rank. Since thefe, faid the King, have no Protectors, I will be their Friend; and he instantly gave the preference to them. OBSERVATIONS on ARRESTS, IMPRISONMENT, for DEBT, and ACTS of GRACE. [From Mr. BURKE'S SPEECH, at the Guildhall, in Bristol, previous to the late Election for that City.] ད ལ་ མཉ། སྕོ་ལྕZA༽r་ HERE are two capital faults in our One is, that every man is prefumed folvent. A prefumption, in innumerable cafes, directly against truth. Therefore the debtor is ordered, on a fuppofition of rability and fraud, to be coerced his liberty until he makes payment. By this means, in all cafes of civil infolvency, without a pardon from his creditor, he is to be im prifoned for life and thus a miferable miftaken intention of artificial science operates to change a civil into a criminal judgment, and to fcourge misfortune or indifcretion with a punishment which the law does not inflict on the greatest crimes. The next fault is, that the inflicting of that punishment is not on the opinion of an a public Judge; ve ferred to the arbitrary difcretion of a private, may interested, and irritated, individual. He, who formally is, and fubftantially ought to be, the judge,is in reality no more than ministerial, a mere executive instrument of a private man, who is at once judge and party. Every idea of judicial order is fubverted by this procedure. If the infolvency be no crime, why is it punished with arbitrary imprifonment? If it be a crime, why is it deliver ed into private hands to pardon withost difcretion, or to punish without mercy and without measure? To thefe faults, grofs and cruel faults |