the Prince that he fought under, and the with of that Prince that he had commanded the English battalions. No man ever underftood the ufe, the practice, the neceffity of difcipline better. Where he commanded, the regularity of a Roman army prevailed; but the obedience of his foldiers was founded on generofity and gratitude; it was the effect of love, not of fear. He knew that fubordination was neceffary to fupport the existence of order in an army; but under him fubordi, nation never was attended, even in the extreme, with those marks of flavery that too often difgrace the British arms, by abufing the foldier with marks of fervile bafenefs. It was his maxim, that the Officer fhould confider himself as much dependent upon the affection and courage of the foldier, as the foldier should on the fkill and protection of the Officer. Wherever he commanded, his forces acted as infpired by one foul; they were connected by the bonds of amity, and they fought as brothers under the eye of one common father. The reward of Virtue fhould be rather glorious than profitable. Honour was the reward of Lord Granby's fervices; his honours arose naturally from his actions; they were his own, and they were infinitely beyond the recompences of Princes, titles, places, penfions, and other created or pecuniary emoluments; the wages with which vice is too often requited. : The money he poffeffed he applied nobly; conscious that the true value of it was not intrinfic, but lay in the use he made of it, his purfe was ever open to the neceffitous, and at the expence of his fortune he relieved and rewarded the foldiers who fought under him and this he did with that goodness of heart, that liberality of manner, which confers an obligation with delicacy, and which made him appear as if he was beholden to thofe who gave him an opportunity of exercifing generofity.It was the delight of this benign man, this brave veteran, to feed the hungry, to give drink to the thirty, to clothe the naked, to vifit the fick, and relieve the prifoner. In the exercise of these Chriftian virtues his enemies participated in his bounty; like a true Chriftian foldier, he confidered all mankind as his friends, and he fought only from thofe juft principles which Nature has implanted in the heart of man- selfprefervation, and the love of his country. This sketch of Lord Granby's character is not taken from the voice of Fame, common rumour being frequently founded more upon falfehood than reality; but truth, which is the offspring of Heaven, bears teftimony to his virtues, and ftamps him with the noble reputation of having lived and died an honelt man, the noblest work of God." ESSAYS on the THREE THEOLOGICAL VIRTUES, FAITH, HOPE, and CHARITY: Illuftrated with Emblematical Reprefenta tions. ESSAY III. ON CHARITY, HARITY is a step beyond Juftice; of the heart, and not of the hands. Gifts and alms are the expreffions, not the effence of this Virtue. A man may bestow great fums on the poor and diftreffed, without being charitable; and he may be charitable, when he is not able to beftow any thing. Charity is a habit of good-will or benevolence in the foul, which difpofes us to the love, affiftance, and relief of mankind, especially of thofe whose circumstances call for humane affiftance. The poor man who has this excellent frame of mind, is no lefs intitled to the reward of this virtue, than the man who founds a College. A liberality of difpofition may be difplayed in acts of generofity, at the expence of the claims of Justice; but Justice is to take place of Charity. What we ordinarily mined, be found to flow from a loose unguarded temper, rather than from an honeft liberal mind: the generous man in this view would foon find, were he difpofed to ftate his accounts, that he has facrificed to fools, knaves, flatterers, or the defervedly unhappy, all the opportunities of affording affiftance, where it is due; if not the ability of difcharging obligations incurred by imprudence. The measures of Justice prefcribed to us in our tranfactions with others, is remarkably clear and comprehenfive: Whatfoever ye would that men fhould do unto you do ye even fo unto them.' But one great caufe of uncertainty and hesitation in those by whom this fublime precept has been commented on and dilated, is the confufion of what the exacter cafuifts are careful to diftinguish, as debts of Juftice and debts of Charity. The discharge of the debts of Charity, or duties which we owe to others not merely at the call of Justice, but as dictated by benevolence, admits in its own nature a greater complication of circumstances, and greater latitude of choice than may be obvious at first fight. Juftice is indifpenfably and univerfally neceffary; and what is neceffary must be alway limited, uniform and diftinct. But beneficence, though in general equally enjoined by our religion, and equally needful to the conciliation of the divine favour, is yet, for the moft part, with regard to its fingle acts, elective and voluntary. We may certainly, with out injury to our fellow beings, allow in the diftribution of kindness fomething to our affections; and change the measure of our liberality according to our opinions and profpects, our hopes and fears. This rule therefore is not equally determinate and abfolute with refpect to offices of kindnefs, and acts of liberality; becaufe liberality and kindness, abfolutely determined, would lofe their nature: for how could we be called tender or charitable for giving that which we are pofitively forbidden to withhold: Yet even in adjusting the extent of our beneficence, no other measure can be taken, than this precept affords us; for we can only know what others want or fuffer, by confidering how we fhould be affected in the fame fituation: nor can we proportion our affiftance by any other rule, than that of doing what we fhould expect from others. It indeed generally happens that the giver and receiver differ in their opinions of generofity; the fame partiality to his own intereft inclines one to large expectations, and the other to fparing diftributions. Perhaps the infirmity of human nature will fcarcely fuffer a man groaning under the preffure of diftress to judge rightly of the kindness of his friends, or to think they have done enough until his deliverance is completed. Not therefore what we might with, but what we could demand from others, we are obliged to grant; fince, though we can eafily know how much we might claim, it is impoffible to determine what we fhould hope. But in all inquiries concerning the practice of voluntary and occafional virtues, it is fafeft for minds not oppreffed with fuperftitious fears to determine against their own inclinations; and to fecure themselves from deficiency, by doing more than they There are few men fo cramped in their There needs no tronger argument to prove how univerfally and deeply the feeds of compaffion are planted in the heart of man, than the pleasure we take in the reprefentations of it: and though fome men, for untoward ends, have chofen to reprefent human nature in other colours, the matter of fact is fo ftrong against them, that from a general propenfity to pity the unfortunate we exprefs that fenfation by That it is the word humanity, as if it were a principle infeparable from our nature. not infeparable, too many inftances daily occur to prove; there are many reproachful inftances of felfih tempers, which feem to take part in nothing beyond themfelves. Yet humanity, the fource of charity, is fo great and noble a part of our náture, that a man must do fome violence to himself, and fuffer fome painful conflicts, before he can fupprefs it, and ingraft on his heart a difpofition of an oppofite nature. It It is obfervable in the parable of the good Samaritan, that when, the Prieft came to the spot where the wounded man Jay, he paffed by on the other fide; he might indeed have paffed by without turning afide or feeming to fee him; but there is a fecret shame attending every act of inhumanity, that is not easily conquered. There is many a man will do a cruel act, who at the fame time will blush to be seen at it, and is forced to turn aside before he can bring his heart into a frame to execute his purpose. It is farther obfervable that in many parts of Scripture our bleffed Saviour, in defcribing the day of judgment, does it in fuch a manner as if the great inquiry then was to relate principally to this one virtue of compaffion; and as if our final sentence at the great tribunal was to be regulated exactly by the degree of our works of charity: I was an hungred, and ye gave me meat thirfty, and ye gave me drink;naked, and ye cloathed me;-I was fick, and ye vifited me 3-in prison, and ye came unto me. Not that we are to infer from thence, that other good or evil actions will be overlooked by the All-feeing Judge; but to intimate to us, that a benevolent and charitable difpofition is fo principal and ruling a part of the Christian character, as to be the great test alone of the frame and temper of his mind, by which all his other virtues and vices were to be estimated. When therefore we see a truly compaffionate man, we may depend on his poffeffing a thousand other good qualities; and that he is a man with whom we may truft a wife, children, fortune, and reputation. It is for this reason, as the Apoftle argues from the fame principle, that he will not commit adultery➡ that he will not kill-that he will not fteal-that he will not bear false witness.* That is, the forrows which are stirred up in men's hearts by fuch trefpaffes, are fo fenfibly felt by a compaffionate man, that it is not in his power or nature to commit them. So that well might he conclude, that charity, by which he means the love of our neighbour, is the end of the commandment; and that whosoever fulfilled it, had fulfilled the law. Account of the Surrender of CHARLES-TOWN. Whitehall, June 15, 1780. This morning the Earl of Lincoln, Aid de Camp to his Excellency General Sir Henry Clinton, Knight of the Bath, arrived at this office with the following difpatches for the Right Hon. Lord George Germain. Charles-Town, May 13, 1789. MY LORD, I WILL not trouble your Lordship with a repetition of the delays and difficulties which protracted serious operations until the 29th of March, on which day the landing on Charles-Town Neck was effected. expedition, and without refiftance on the part of the enemy. The day fucceeding it the army moved towards Charles-Town, and on the night of the 1st of April broke ground within 800 yards of the rebels works. By the 8th our guns were mounted in battery; and I had the fatisfaction to fee the Admiral pals into Charles-Town harbour with the fuccefs his conduct deserved, though under a very heavy fire from Sullivan's Ifland. At this period we judged it advisable to fend the enclosed fummons to the place, which returned the answer I have the honour to tranfmit with it. By this time a depot was formed; the Admiral had paffed the bar, and I had the effential affiftance of Officers and feamen The batteries were opened the next day. of the Royal Navy for my operations I From their effect we foon obferved the fire was alfo ftrengthened with the corps from of the enemy's advanced works to abate Georgia, under Brigadier-general Pater- confiderably; the attention of the engifon, which, through a country intersected_neers, and diligence of the troops, but enwith rivers, and rendered more difficult by heavy rains, had advanced, not unoppofed, in the fpice of twelve days, from Savannah to Ahley-river. The paffage of Alley, under the conduct of Captain Elphinstone, and by the good fervice of the Officers and failors of the fleet, was accomplished with order and creafing as they proceeded. A fecond parallel was completed on the 19th of April, and fecure approaches opened to it. We were now within 450 yards of the place. My communications had hitherto required the greatest attention. They had been chofen from Perreneau's landing in Stono river across the Wapoo, and by fmall inlets, leaving only a mile of land-carriage into the part of Ashley-river oppofite our camp. Works for the protection of the ftores and fhipping in Stono, others on the communication, and several redoubts and batteries on Ashley, were the labours neceffary to give fecurity in fo important a point. The prefence of the fleet in the harbour relieving me from apprehenfion on that part, and the Admiral taking to himself the defence of Fort Johnson, I was able to detach 1400 men under Lieutenant-colonel Webster, of the 33d regiment, to break in upon the enemy's remaining communication with the country. Our fuccefs but for this meafure would have been incomplete, as I had reason to fear a naval force could not be got into Cooper-river, nor confequently the place be totally invefted. Your Lordship will obferve, that Col. Webster had, in the execution of his orders, rivers to crofs, and other difficult operations to effect, in presence of a very fuperior cavalry, which might harrafs him much. It was therefore of the utmolt importance to ftrike at this corps, and, as fuddenly as poffible, to feize the principal paffes of the country. The furprize and defeat of the collected cavalry and militia of the rebels, and the poffeffing Biggin's-bridge over Cooper by Lieutenant-colonel Tarleton with the horfe, the legion, and Major, Ferguson's detachment, gave the command of the country to Col. Webfter, threw into his hands great fupplies of provifion, and enabled him to take a poft near the head of Wandoo-river, forbidding by land all further access to the town from Cooper to the inland navigation. An armed naval force which the Admiral fent into Servee-bay, and another ftationed in Spencer's Inlet, completed the inveftiture to the fea. A confiderable re-inforcement joining me from New-York the 18th of April, I immediately ftrengthened the corps beyond Cooper-river, which, thus augmented, I requested General Earl Cornwallis to take under his command. On the 6th of May the third parallel was completed close to the edge of the rebel canal, and a fap carried to the dam, which contained its water on the right, by which means a great part was drained to the bottom. We could now form jufter opinions of the defences of the town towards the land, which extended in a chain of redoubts, lines and batteries, from Afhley to Cooper. In front of either flank of the works, fwamps, which the canal connects, ooze to each river; betwixt thefe impediments and the place are two rows of abbatis, various other obftructions, and a double-picketed ditch; a horn-work of masonry, which, during the fiege, the enemy closed as a kind of citadel, ftrengthened the center of the line and the gate, where the fame natural defences were not found as nearer the water: eighty pieces of cannon or mortars were mounted in the extent of these lines. On the 6th of May our batteries were ready in the third parallel. New and very forcible motives now prevailed to induce the place to capitulate. Admiral Arburthnot had landed a force of feamen and marines on Sullivan's Island under Capt. Hudfon, to whom, on the threat that fhips should batter the fort, the garrifon delivered themselves up on terms. Lieutenant-general Earl Cornwallis had heen no lefs fuccefsful in the country. The cavalry under Lieutenant-colonel Tarleton had again the good fortune which conduct and gallantry deferve, and overtook at the Santee a body of horse the enemy had with infinite difficulty collected together. They were fpiritedly charged, and defeated. Most of the riders fled to the moraffes, or threw themselves into the river, from whence few can have extricated themfelves. Fifty or fixty men were killed or taken, and every horse of the corps, with the arms and appointments, fell into our hands. Although, in a fecond correfpondence which the enemy folicited, they had shewn in their propofals for a furrender far too extenfive pretenfions, the Admiral and myself could not refrain from attempting once more to avert the cruel extremity of a ftorm. In this renewal of treaty however we did not find their indifcretion much abated. The batteries of the third parallel were therefore opened, and a manifeft fuperiority of fire foon obtained: the corps of Yagers acting as markfmen were on this occafion extremely useful. Under this fire we gained the counterfcarp of the outwork which flanked the canal; the canal itself was paffed, and work carried on towards the ditch of the place. The 11th Gen. Lincoln fent to us his acquiefcence in the terms he had two days before objected to. Whatever severe juftice might dictate on fuch an occafion, we re refolved not to prefs to unconditional fubmiffion a reduced army, whom we hoped clemency might yet reconcile to us. The articles of capitulation were therefore figned. On the 12th Major-general Leflie took poffeffion of the town. There are taken feven General Officers, a Commodore, ten continental regiments, and three battalions of artillery, together with town and country militia, French and feamen, making about fix thousand men in arms. The titular Deputy - governor, Council, and Civil Officers, are alfo prifoners. Four frigates and several armed veffels, with a great number of boats, have likewife fallen into our poffeffion, and about four hundred pieces of cannon. I have yet, my Lord, to add to this letter the expreffions of gratitude I owe to the army, whofe courage and toil have given me fuccefs. I have moft warmly to thank Lieutenant-general Earl Cornwallis, Major-generals Leflie, Huyne, and Kofborth, and Brigadier-general Paterfon, for their animated affittance. I truft I do not flatter myself vainly, that the good fervices during the fiege of the Officers and foldiers of the Royal artillery, of Capt. Elphinstone, and the Officers and feamen of the Royal Navy serv ing with us on fhore, of the corps of engineers, of the Officers and soldiers of every corps, British and Heffian, and particularly the Yager detachment, will receive his Majefty's gracious approbation. I have efpecially to exprefs my obligations to Lieutenant-colonel Webster, and the corps which acted under him. And I have to give the greatest praise to Lieut. Col. Tarleton and the cavalry, for their conduct, bravery, and eminent fervices. But to Major Moncrieff, the Commanding Engineer, who planned, and, with the affiftance of fuch capable Officers under him, conducted the fiege with fo much judgment, intrepidity, and labori ous attention, I wish to render a tribute of the very highest applaufe and moft permanent gratitude; perfuaded, that far more flattering commendations than I can beftow will not fail to crown fuch rare merit. Your Lordthip has feen how great a fhare Admiral Arbuthnot and the fleet have had in every measure. I can add, that had we been neceffitated to make an aflault, I am perfuaded a very conspicuous part would have been taken by the hips, to favour us at that important crifis. I have the honour to fend your Lordfhip returns of our lofs. I have the ho nour to be, &c. H. CLINTON. -Total of the Return of the Killed and Wounded of the Troops under the command of his Excellency General Sir Henry Clinton, from their de barkation in South Carolina the 11th of February, to the furrender of Charles-Town the 12th of May, 1780. British, German, and Provincial. Enfigns. ferjeant, 73 rank and file, killed; Captain, 7 Lieutenants, s Serjeants, 179 rank and file, wounded. OFFICERS killed. 71ft regiment. Enfign M'Gregor, Enfign Cameron. OFFICERS wounded. 22d Reg. Grenadier company. Lieutenant White. Lieutenant Bever. 33d ditto. 42d ditto. 64th ditto. Freeman. 71ft regiment. Capt. M'Leod, Lieutenant Wilson. Graff's Grenadiers. Lieutenant Frietsoh, Lieutenant Oethanfs. H. CLINTON. Admiralty-office, June 15. His Majelty's fhip, the Perfeus, commanded by the Hon. Keith Elphinstone, arrived last night at Spithead from Charles-Town in SouthCarolina, from whence she failed the 17th of last month, having on board Sir Andrew Hammond, who came to this office this forenoon, with a letter from Vice-admiral Arburthnot to Mr. Stephens, of which the following is a copy. Roebuck, off Charles-Town, May 14, 1780. SIR, I HAVE the fatisfaction to acquaint you, for the information of my Lords Commiffioners of the Admiralty, that Charles-Town, with all its dependencies, the fhipping in the harbour, and the army under General Lincoln, has furrendered to his Majesty's arms. My laft letter, by a Dutch fhip bound to Amfterdam, which failed the 16th of February, will have informed you of my departure from New-York, and my arrival off Savannah, with a squadron of his Majefty's fhips, efcorting a confiderable body of troops under the command of Sir Henry Clinton. Molt of the miffing fhips having arrived, no time was loft in profecuting the inthe Europe to this fhip; and the tranfports tended expedition. I fhifted my flag from having repaired their damages fuftained on the paffage, I proceeded with the fleet on the |