of every year, fupplies us with whatever is either agreeable or ufeful: let your studies be methodical, all conducted rather with a view to inftruction, than mere amuse ment. If you read without a plan, you wili overload your memory without improving it, and your knowledge will be Ittle better than an undigested chaos.

The mind, in which diforder prevails, is like city without government, or a house without unanimity. But a perfon of this difpofition deceives himfelf; and fancies, that if he keeps clear of thofe irregularities, which are offenfive to fociety, he may make himself easy, though he has all the reafon in the world to be diffatisfied with his way of life.

You will find many, who feem to delight in nothing but irregularity; who go to reft, when others rife; who eat, when others faft; who stay at home, when others go to Church; in fhort, whofe chief employment feems to be to break through every rule, without the leaft regard to method in any part of their conduct. A las! Fashionable Ladies, whofe gaiety is fo much the object of envy, confound right with day, know no laws but their own whims; have no time but for pleafure, no plan, except it is to avoid every thing that is like regularity! Nothing is fo bewildered, as the life of a woman given up to the hurry and tumult of the world: fuch a one has no fenfe of the value of time; he knows no diftinction of days, and pays no regard to duty: the tudies fashions, is wholly taken up with trifles; the delights in that which debafes the mind, and is contrary to reafon; fhe is perpetually seeking happiness where it is not to be found; and though wearied with the purfuit, renews it every day.

The world is full of perfons, always engaged in new projects, and diftracted with new defires, who die without reflection, because they have lived without any knowledge of themfelves. When the mind is thus difordered, it is afraid to look into itself; or if it ventures to examine at all, it only does it fuperficially, The fenfes are fo many tyrants, from whofe power we are unable to deliver ourselves; and nothing appears really valuable, which does not adminifter to their gratifica

tion.

Maintain then that dominion over your awn minds, that you be not overcome by thofe paffions, which will lay siege to your virtue; your thoughts will then be regulated by wildom, and you will be

fed above thofe clouds, which obfcure

the light of the understanding. Each of us may be confidered as an epitome of the world, which is fubject to eclipfes, changes of weather, to storms and tempefts: we all obferve the strange revolutions which happen in the univerfe; but as Providence, in the midft of fuch a multitude of created beings, preferves the utmost harmony both in Heaven and earth, fo ought reafon to preserve in the human mind the strictest attention to order and peace. Without this we degrade ourselves below the meaneft infect, or even the inanimate parts of the creation, all which answer the purposes for which they were made. Behold the bee, or the ant; a thousand times wifer, each of them, than the man who defpifes them; thefe never deviate from the laws of their nature, nor from the which Providence has affigned them: it is only by an imitation of their conduct and forefight, that families are maintained, and kingdoms preferve their power and splendor. This may ferve to convince you, that whatever state of life you are placed in, it will always be full of difquiet, if your judgment and your paffions are at variance; you must therefore frequently examine into the fprings and motives of your conduct, in order to regulate your affections. You will then fee, as in a picture, the tendency of your actions, and will foon be enabled to rectify whatever is amifs.

When a house is on fire, with what eagernefs do we haften to put it out? And fhall we fuffer our paffions to burn with fury in the midst of us, without giving ourselves the least trouble to extinguith the flame? We seldom reflect that the mind is a kingdom, which cannot be well governed, without a conftant care as well to defend it from its enemies, as to promote whatever may tend to the establishment of peace and tranquillity. Confider the stars which fhine in their courfes over our heads; confider the elements which are the fource of life and respiration; alas! What monitors are thefe to man to be always. ready like them to execute the commands of God! This view of the creation perpètually reminds us, that every rational creature alfo ought to move in its proper fphere, and difcharge its refpective duty. When we only act as we are influenced by a capricious humour, we infult the wifdom of a God of order, and raise a perpetual tumult in our own breasts.

I have always obferved, that perfons of a diffipated turn are as much difordered with respect to their affairs, as they are

unfettled

unfettled in their own minds; and leave no inheritance to their children, but debts and law-fuits. There is an easy kind of arithmetic which every lover of method is acquainted with; and which confifts in computing our obligations and our neceffities, and our ability to answer both, in order to keep ourselves within due bounds, and to pay a proper regard to that which may reasonably be expected from us. If you have not this love of method which I wish to recommend, you will never be able to regulate your actions, or your families, or your own minds. You will either behave with too great haughtiness, or with too great familiarity towards your domeftics you will not diftinguifh what is fuperfluous from what is neceffary; and for want of calculation, you will have nothing

but creditors, or debtors who have nothing

to pay.

When you are confirmed in this wife habit of acting methodically, every part of your conduct will be bappily adjufted: you will fet apart proper feafons for study and for recreation; you will manage your time and your income with prudence; you will diftribute exact juftice to your neighbours, and you will never engage in any important enterprize, without confidering the end nothing will ever make you forget the duties which you owe to your character and station; no day will pafs, in which you will not remember your duty to God: we never lofe fight of thofe duties, but when we go on without a fingle thought what we are, and what will become of us.

On the 29th, the army began their march, and proceeded to Dumblain; the troops which were there before, advancing, at the fame time, to the old castle of Braco, expecting fome refiftance, but they found it abandoned. The next morning the fame party, with two pieces of cannon, advanced upon the road to Tullibardine, to cover the workmen, who were clearing the way, and to prevent their being infulted by thegarrifon of Tullibardine. That day the army advanced to Auchterardire; that is, to the place where it stood, for the rebels had burnt the village to the ground, fo that the men were obliged to lie in the open air in as violent a cold night, as ever was known in thofe parts. The next morning early they marched to Tullibardine, the garrifon of which place had retired, except fifty men, who were made prifoners. Here the Duke of Argyle received intelligence, that the Pretender and his army had abandoned Perth the day before, and retired towards Dundee. This was very, agreeable news to the whole army, who had lain in the fnow for two days fucceffively. But, as it was four o'clock in the afternoon before the Duke had the intelligence, they could not reach Perth that night. However the Duke took with him four fquadrons of dragoons, and two battalions of foot, and marched that evening to take poffeffion of the town, where he arrived about two o clock in the morning with the horse; but the foot, through the length and deepnefs of the road, did not arrive till ten the next morning, very much harraffed by their march. Had the rebels had any intelli

gence, that the Duke was detached, with fo fmall an attendance, from the main of the army, he might have been in fome hazard, for the grofs of the army did not arrive at Perth from Tullibardine till late in the evening, the first of February.

The Pretender and his party had now got two days march before the royal army. It was neceffary therefore to pursue them without intermiffion, that they might have no reft. Accordingly the 2d of February the Duke of Argyle continued his pursuit at the head of fix fquadrons, two battalions, and eight hundred detached foot; lay that night at Errol, and on the 3d arrived at Dundee, though the main army, which made more eafy marches, did not come up till the 4th. Here the Duke's intelligence made him judge, that the rebel army, which had now proceeded to Montrose, would make fome ftop there, as that place was more tenable than Perth, and a feaport, where they might expect fupplies from abroad. Therefore he refolved not to allow them to fortify themfelves, but fent two detachments to Montrofe by two different roads: two thousand foot and fifty dragoons went by the way of Aberbrothick, and three hundred more, and fifty dragoons, marched by the way of Briechen; but the fnow was fo deep, that the march proved very tedious to thofe detachments, fince they were obliged to fummon in the country-people, to clear the roads. the 5th the whole army marched: the Duke with the cavalry and train by the road of Briechen, and the infantry with General Cadogan by the way of Aberbrothick.

On

In this day's march they had intelligence, that the Pretender had made his escape, both from his own people and the King's army, the morning before, on board a French fhip called the Maria Teresa of St. Malo, then lying in the road of Montrofe.

It has been already obferved, that the abandoning Perth, and difperfing the rebel army as foon as they could get out of the reach of the King's army, had been refolved ever fince, if not before, the Pretender's arrival in Scotland; but that it was necellary to conceal this defign from the grofs of the army, as well as that the Pretender, and fome of the chief leaders of the undertaking, intended to make their efcape to France the first opportunity. However, the army's abandoning Perth fo precipitately, as to leave their waggons and artillery behind them, and then pointing their march to the fea-fhore, especially to Montrofe, where it was known that feveral French fhips lay, raised jealoufies in the heads of the army of what was really their intent, and produced confiderable murmurings, which the Earl of Mar could not appeafe, but by countenancing the march from Montrofe to Aberdeen, where he gave out they designed to make a stand. The army was made to believe, that the Pretender was to go along with them; and, to amuse them, his horfes and ordinary body guard were drawn up before the door of the heufe where he lodged. This removing all jealousy, the army became tractable again, and proceeded on their march. But the Pretender, inftead of going on with them, left his attendance in their ufual waiting, flipped out of a backdoor, and went on foot to the Earl of Mar's quarters, and from thence to the water-fide where a boat waited for them, and carried them on board with only three fervants. The fame boat returned, and took in the Earl of Melfort, the Lord Drummond, Lieutenant-general Bulkley, Sheldon, and others, to the number of feventeen in all, being perfons of the firft rank, either in his houthold or army, or originally privy to his defign.

When they were all on board, the veffel fet fail, fteering to the coaft of Norway, to keep clear of the English cruifers. They had a fresh gale at weft fouth-west, and made land the next evening; and coasting along the German and Dutch fhores, they arrived in five days at Gravelin in France; and the fame fhip returned in twelve days from her first fetting out, both to give intelligence of the Pretender's safe landing,

The Earl Marifchal and the Lord Tinmouth, fon of the Duke of Berwick, were about five miles from Montrofe, when the Pretender imbarked; and fo were to shift for themselves with several others. But it will appear from the fequel, that both the Earl Marifchal and General Gordon were in the fecret, though they pretended to make the army believe otherwife, to fecure themselves from their refentment, and only flaid behind to conduct the army to a place, where they could with fafety difperfe them: which they did fo effectually,that tho the Duke of Argyle ufed his utmost endeavours to come up with them, yet he could never overtake one party of them, and did not, in all the purfuit from Perth to the Highlands. take a hundred prifoners. They kept fo close together, and marched with fuch expedition into the mountains, that it was in vain for the Duke to pursue them any farther.

When the Pretender went away, he appointed General Gordon to command in Chief. When that General arrived in the army at Aberdeen (where they were but coldly received, in comparison of their former reception) he produced a paper of inftructions, which he had from the Pretender, and which, he said, he was commanded not to open till he came to that city. In this paper the Pretender complains chiefly of difappointments from abroad; and mentions the neceflity he was under, for his own preservation, to leave the country. He thanks them for their fo chearfully undertaking fo hazardous an enterprize, which, he fays, would not have been liable to the prefent difappointments, if their endeavours had been as well feconded by others, who had, by large promises, flattered him with their affiftance. He recommends to them to confult their own fafety, and to keep together till they arrived at fuch places, where they might feparate without becoming a prey to the enemy, and promised to let them hear from him fhortly.

It was the 6th of February when they arrived at Aberdeen, the third day after the Pretender imbarked. Here they ftaid but one night, and in that interval procured three veffels to carry over about two hundred Gentlemen, who defigned to make their escape that way. Thefe vellels received private orders to meet them to the north of Aberdeen, about Peterhead,

Buchan

Buchan-Rofs, and other parts, where they took in their intended cargo; but one of them, falling in with the King's cruifers, put in for the hore, where the Gentlemen landed again, and followed the rebel army through by-ways. The other two velleis, with about a hundred and forty Gentlemen, arrived fafe in France.

On the 7th, the rebels refolved to leave Aberdeen, and began their match early in the morning, and had evacuated the place by two in the afternoon. General Gordon, with the foot, formed the van, and the Earl Marifchal, with about a thousand horse, fo med the rear to prevent furprize. They marched to the left directly weft through Strath Spey, and Strath-Down, to the hills of Badenoch, where they quietly dispelled the common people mostly to their homes, but with a refolution to be ready to take up their arms on the first notice they should have from General Ger

dun.

About this time feveral Gentlemen, who had betaken themselves to the hills about Lochaber, received advice that two French fugates lay at the Orkneys in Pentland Frith, till they fhould come aboard. Up. on this the Lord Duffus, Sir George St. Clair, and Lieutenant general Eclin, with about one hundred and fixty Gentlemen more on horseback well armed and mount. ed, made a tally from the hills, and, croffing in a body the fhire of Murray, came down to the fea coatt, near a place called Bruch. Here they quitted their borfes to their fervants; and fuch, as they had no ufe for, they killed to prevent their falling a prey to the King's forces; then went on board fome mali hoats to purfue their way to the Orkneys; but, finding thefe boats too small and dangerous for that boisterous feafon of the year, they put in again at Dunibeth; where they hired two large barks, in which fixty of them got fafe to the frigate of twenty-fix guns. The others prefed another Scois veffel to carry them to the other frigate. When they arrived, off that coaft, the country-people were alarmed, and afraid, that they were come with a defign to plunder them, and feemed inclinable to fall upon them. But, the French thp coming in to their affistance, the people were foon fet right as to their mistake, and affifted them in getting on board the French fhip. Both the fhips fet fail, and landed them at Gottenburgh, in the King of Sweden's dominions, who was then fetting out with an army on his Expedition to Norway, and received their offer of entering into his fervice very courerously. But the Lord Duffus, going to

Hamburgh, was there feized at the suit of the British Envoy.

In the mean time, the Duke of Argyle was on his march to Montrofe, where he arrived on the 6th of February; and at Aberdeen, with five hundred men, on the 8th; but, the rest of the army not being come up, the purfuit could not be continued only he dispatched General Evans with two hundred dragoons to barrass their rear, or endeavour to divide their horfe from the foot; and, at the fame time, to give chace to the two hundred Gentlemen, who had feparated from the relt, to take fhipping at Frazersburgh; but the General fucceeded in neither.

While the Duke of Argyle was in chace of the rebel army by land, the men of was were as induftrious to annoy them by fea, and hinder their escape. But they had not the fortune to meet with one ship belonging to the rebels; though they were not remifs in their duty.

With all this diligence both on fea and land, it was ftrange that any efcaped; but it was much more fo, that not one of them ever fell into the hands of their purfuers, but arrived every man fafe in France; where they were hunted by the Earl of Stair, the British Ambassador at the French, Court, whole intelligence was fo good, that there was scarce one ftep taken by the Pretender, or any of his molt fecret friends, without his knowledge; by which means he difappointed the Pretender of the greatest part of the fupplies he expected from France, and watched his perfon fo narrowly, that he kept him a confiderable time on that fide of the water, to the general difappointment of the rebels. By his repeated memorials to the Regent of France, he kept him in conftant obfervance of the treaty of Utrecht; at leaft any violations, that were made, were only by connivance; in which cafes the Earl was never filent, as appears by two memorials; the one writ while the Pretender was in Scotland, and the other after he had abandoned it.

The facts contained in the first memorial were too well vouched, for the Regent to deny them; and it was difficult to find any evafion to reconcile them to the engagements of the Court of France in the treaty of Utrecht; for which reason he did not incline to give any answer. But the affairs of the Pretender taking a different turn, and he being obliged to leave Scotland, and being again arrived in France fome days after the firft memorial was delivered, the Earl of Stair prefented a fecond, to prevent his or any of his adherents being theltered in that Court,

The Pretender, upon his return to France from Scotland, being perfuaded, that the Lord Viscount Bolingbroke (who had entered into his fervice as Secretary of State to him, and continued in France, in order to fend fupplies to him into Scotland) had been faulty in the execution of his office, fent the Duke of Ormond to him for the feals, and removed him from all employments under him. This occafioned a controverfy (under his direction) by letters between his Secretary Mr. Brinfden, and Mr. James Murray, afterwards made Earl of Dunbar by the Pretender.

During thefe proceedings, Lewis XIV. of France died at Verfailles on the 1st of September, N. S. 1715, in the 77th year of his age almost completed (having been born on the 5th of September, 1638) and in the 738 year of his reign, which began May May 14, 1643. His death produced a fort of revolution in the Govern ment of France. The King, by his will, had placed the Adminiftration of the Government in a Council, of which the Duke of Orleans was Chief. But the Duke was

not, by his authority, to decree any thing, or iffue any order in the name of the minor, without the advice and confent of the Council. The day after the King's death the Duke of Orleans (attended as the Kings of France ufually are on the like occafions) came to the Parliament of Paris, and, atter the King's will was opened and read, complained of a difpofition fo contrary to the laws of the realm, and fo prejudicial to his right. He therefore moved, that the will thould not be registered, but that the Parliament fhould adjudge the Regency to him without any restriction. They immediately complied with his motion, and adjudged the Regency to him, with power to nominate fuch fubordinate Councils for preparing all affairs to be laid before him, as he fhould think fit. Lewis XIV. was fucceeded hy his great grandfon Lewis XV, fon of the Duke of Burgundy (who was Dauphin after the death of his father) and of Maria Adelaida of Savoy. Lewis XV. was born the 15th of February 1710, and was between five and fix years old when his great grandfather died. He was the third fucceffive minor that came to the Crown of France, fince the death of Henry IV.

The Duke Regent was fon of the Duke of Orleans, brother of Lewis XIV. and was then in the 41ft year of his age. He was married, in 1692, to one of the late King's natural daughters.

He began his Regency with an act of justice and prudence. The edits of the

Kings of France formerly had not the fanction of laws, before they were regiftered in the Parliament of Paris, whole undoubted right it was to examine them; and, in cafe they contained any thing againft the laws of the realm, to remonitrate against them. But the late King had deprived the Parliament of that liberty in the year 1667, fince which time they had been compelled to regifter all his edicts, without being permitted to make any reprefentation again't them. The Regent reftored this privilege to them by an edict, which was registered a few days after the King's death. At the fame time he caufed to be registered a declaration, containing a scheme of Go vernment to be obferved in the kingdom during the King's minority. Pursuant to which he named, befides the Council of Regency, fix other Councils, and, by that means, a new way of Administration in the Government was introduced.

By the death of Lewis XIV. the affairs between Great Britain and France ftood upon a very different foot than before. The Regent, by virtue of King Philip's renunciation, and the death of all the Princes in France, fprung from Lewis XIV, was become next heir to the minor King, and confequently it was his intereft to cultivate the friendship of fuch States as were likely to fupport his title against the King of Spain, and particularly of England. It was his bufinefs to feek all means for weakening the only Prince in the world, that had any right to difpute his fucceffion, or oppofe his views. Hence his acceffion to the quadruple alliance; his promoting, or at leaft conniving at the deftruction of the growing naval power of Spain in 1718; his tipulation in favour of Don Carlos, in order not only to divert Spain from forming defigns against his power in France, but to weaken Spain by increafing her expences. To these measures the Regent was carried, in order to divert and weaken King Philip, and King George undoubtedly went into all his ambitious views, as the only means to retrieve the fatal mistakes of the treaty of Utrecht. But the fruits of all these proceedings were entirely loft by the death of the Regent and the birth of a Dauphin, and instead of facilitating the fucceffion of the Honfe of Orleans, and thereby dividing the House of Bourbon for ever, they proved the foundation of all the expenfive difputes, which fubfifted many years between Great Britain and Spain, as will appear in the courfe of the Hiftory.