An adverb may be modified 1. By another adverb assuredly. ; as, Most By a preposition with its ob ject (adjunct); as, Agreea bly to nature, most of all. PREPOSITION. A preposition may be modified 2. By a noun in the objective case; as, Over the hills. COMPOUND SENTENCES. A Compound Sentence is made up of two or more N UNS INDEPENDENT. Nouns which have no grammatical connection with he subject or predicate of a sentence, are said to be dependent as. U virtue! PREFACE. THE selections which compose the body of the following work are so arranged as to constitute a gradual course of Exercises in Analyzing and Parsing. The Rules of Syntax are taken from WELD'S ENGLISH GRAMMAR by permission of the Publishers, and to these rules, and also to the Grammar from which they are taken, references are occasionally made, to assist the learner in explaining idiomatic or difficult passages. As the extracts are from some of the most accomplished and ap proved writers, the Ornaments of style, Figures of Rhetoric and Scanning, may be profitably attended to by advanced classes. The book may be used by learners in almost any stage of attain. ment after the elementary principles of Grammar are understood. The work is designed to take the place of Pope's Essay, Thomson's Seasons, Young's Night Thoughts, and other entire poems, which are used as parsing books in Schools. A variety in the selections, it is believed, will be more profitable and interesting to the learner than any single work can be, which exhibits no gradation un sty's, and the peculiarities of one writer only. A. H. W. 1 uniferthing RULES OF SYNTAX. 1. Syntax treats of sentences, and teaches the proper construction of words in forming them. CLASSIFICATION OF SENTENCES. Sentences are of four kinds, declaratory, imperative, in terrogative and conditional. A declaratory sentence is one in which any thing is simply affirmed or denied of a subject; as, Time flies; he will not understand. An imperative sentence is one in which a command is expressed; as, Buy the truth, and sell it not. An interrogative sentence is one in which a question is asked; as, Who hath believed our report? A conditional sentence is one in which something contingent or hypothetical is expressed; as, If it rains; though he slay me. Sentences are either simple or compound. A simple sentence consists of but one proposition; a compound sentence consists of two or more simple sentences. The simple propositions which make up a compound sentence, are called clauses or members. The leading clause is one on which the other members depend. A dependent clause is one which makes complete sens only in connection with another clause. SIMPLE SENTENCES. A simple sentence contains only one subject or no, inative, and onc predicate. The parts of a simple sentence are termed subject and predicate. The subject of a sentence denotes that of which some. thing is asserted. The predicate expresses that which is asserted of the subject. The subject restricted or qualified by other words is termed the modified subject. The predicate limited or modified by other words is termed the modified predicate. EXAMPLES. The south wind blows softly, is a simple sentence. BLOWS is the predicate modified by "softly." BLOWS softly is the modified predicate. A gentle breeze blows from the south. A gentle breeze is the modified subject. Blows from the south is the modified predicate. From the south is an adjunct of the predicate "blows." NOTE. An adjunct is two or more words joined to some other word to modify its meaning. It is generally a preposition with the word following it. COMPOUND SENTENCES. 1. A compound sentence consists of two or more sim ple sentences. 2. The simple sentences which compose a compound sentence are called clauses. EXAMPLES. The wind subsides and the clouds disperse. The wind subsides, is a simple sentence, or clause. The 1 Metellus conquered Jugurtha and took his elephants, What kind of a sentence is this? Why? Point out the simple sentences or clauses which compose it. Which is the connecting word ? CONNECTIVES.* The clauses of a compound sentence are connected by Conjunctions, Adverbs and Relatives. 1. BY CONJUNCTIONS. EXAMPLES. Point out the conjunctions in the following examples, and show what they connect. sor. True valor protects the feeble, and humbles the oppres Is this sentence simple or compound? Of how many clauses is it composed? What word connects these clauses? High seasoned food vitiates the palate, and occasions a disrelish for plain fare. The desert shall rejoice, and the wilderness shall blos som. Disappointment sinks the heart; but the renewal of hope gives consolation. His vices have weakened his mind, and broken his health. I know not whether Charles was the author, but I understood it to be him. In the last sentence, there are three clauses or simple sentences. 1. I know not. 2. Charles was the author. 3. Iunderstood it to be him. The first two are connected by whether. The 2d and 3d by but, *Particular attention should be given to the subject of connec rion |