prōmissus, a, um, P. perf. pass. of promitto. his wife and queen of his realm. The ancient Greeks and Romans entertained the idea that no one could die till Proserpine had first cut off a hair of his head. To this Virgil alludes at v. 698. prospicerem, imperf. subj. of prospicio. 66 ; pro-spicio, spexi, specpro-mitto, misi, missum, tum, spicere, 3. v. a. [for promittère, 3. v. a. [prō, "forth specio; fr. prō, before " mitto, "to send"]("To send specio, "to see " To see some forth"; hence) To promise.-object before one; to behold, disPass.: prō-mittor, missus sum, mitti. prō-nŭb-a, æ, f. adj. [prō, "presiding over"; NUB, root of nub-o, "to marry"] Presiding over marrying or marriage; an epithet of Juno as the patroness of marriage. propĕr-o, āvi, ātum, āre, 1. v. n. [proper-us, "quick"] 1. To be quick; to hasten, make haste.-2.Impers. Pass.: prōpěrari, That it is hastened or that haste is being made;-at v. 416 supply eis (Dat.), by them; so, that the expression means that they are hastening. proprius, a, um, adj. Not in common with others, one's, etc., own;-at v. 126 supply eam (= Dido) with propriam. prop-ter, prep. gov. acc. [obsolete adj. prop-is, "near"] 7" Near, hard by, close to "; hence) On account, or by reason, of; because of propugna-cŭlum, cŭli, n. [propugn (a)-o, in force of to defend"]("That which serves for defending or defence"; hence) A rampart, bulwark, etc. Proserpina, æ, f. Proserpine; the daughter of Jupiter and Cores. As she was gathering flowers in the fields of Enna (or Henna) in Sicily, she was carried off by Pluto to the lower world, where she became cern, espy. pro-těnus (-tinus), adv. [pro, "before"; tenus, "up to or as far as "]("Up to, or as far as, that which is before"; hence) Of time: Forthwith, immediately. pube-ns, ntis, adj. [obsol. pubě-o, "to reach the age of puberty"] ("Reaching, or arrived at, the age of puberty "; hence) Of plants: In full vigour, juicy, flourishing. Publius, fi, m. Publius; a Roman name. pud-or, ōris, m. [půd-čo, "to be ashamed"] ("A being ashamed"; hence) Shame, a sense of shame, modesty ;-at v. 27 personified as a goddess. pu-er, ĕri, m. ("The nourished one' ; hence) 1. A boy, lad.-2. A boy, in the sense of son; at v. 94 puer tuus Cupid [prob. akin to Sans. root PUSH, "to nourish "; and to róip, the Spartan form of rais]. = pug-na, næ, f. [PUG, root of pu(n)g-o, "to stab"] ("The stabbing thing"; hence) A fight hand to hand; a combat, battle. pugnabo, fut. ind.of pugno. pugn-o, avi, atum, are, 1. v. n. [pugn-a, "a fight"] 1. To fight, do battle.-2. With Dat. [§ 107]: To fight against in a figurative sense; to oppose, offer resistance to, resist; v. 38. pug-nus, ni, m. [Puc, root of pungo]("The striking thing"; hence) A fist. pul-cher, chra, chrum, adj. [for pol-cher; fr. pol-fo, "to polish"]("Polished "; hence) Fair, beautiful. pulcherrimus, a, um; see pulcher. pul-so, sāvi, sātum, sāre, 1. v. a. intens. [PUL, root of pello, to beat," etc.] To beat or strike; to buffet.-Pass.: pul-sor, sātus sum, sāri. pulvĕr-ulentus, ulenta, ülentum, adj. [pulvis, pulver-is, "dust"]("Abounding in pulvis"; hence) Dusty. Pūnicus, a, um; see Pœni. puppis, is (Acc. and Abl. Sing. mostly puppim and puppi), f.: 1. The poop, or stern, of a ship.-2. A ship, vessel. m. purpur-ĕus, ĕa, ĕum, adj. [purpur-a, "purple"]("Of, or belonging to, purpura"; hence) Purple-coloured, purple. Pygmalion, ōnis, Pygmalion; son of Belus king of Tyre, and brother of Dido and Anna [Gr. Πυγμαλίων]. pyra, æ, f. A funeral pile, a Tyre [Gr. πύρα]. quærens, ntis, P. pres. of quæro. quæro, quæsivi or quæsti, quæsitum, quærere, 3. v. a. Tc seek, search for, search out.Pass.: quæror, quæsitus sum, quæri. quæsītus, a, um, P. perf. pass. of quæro. qua-lis, le, adj. [§ 149] 1. Of what sort or kind.-2. In comparisons, in adverbial force: Like as, just as; vv. 69, 143 [akin to Sans. ka-s, "who"]. quam, adv. [adverbial acc. fem, of quis] 1. In what manner, as, how, how much, as much as.-Particular uses: a. After comp. words, and words involving a comparative idea, e.g. alius, etc.: Than.-b. With superl.: As much (or little) as possible.-2. In comparisons, either as a correlative of tam,or with ellipse oftam:-quam longa, (fully,tam longam, quam ea-i. e. hiems sit longa) as long as it i. e. the winter-is, v. 193.-3. In exclamations: How!-quam forti pectore, of how brave a breast! v. 11.-4. After designations of time: That. quam-primum, adv. [quam, "as"; primum," first"] (As first as"; hence) As soon as possible, forthwith. quam quam, conj. [quam, 'as," repeated] ("As as hence) Though, although [§ 152, II, (3)]. quando, adv. and conj.: 1. Adv.: When.-2. Conj.: Since [akin to Sans. kada, once"]. 66 quant-um, adv. [quantus] So much as, as much as, how much. qua-ntus, nta, ntum, adj. How great, how much [akin to Sans. ka-s, "who"]. quassatus, a, um, P. perf. pass. of quasso. quas-so, sāvi, sātum, sāre, 1. v. a. intens. [for quat-so; fr. quat-io, "to shake"] ("To shake violently "; hence) To shatter, batter, etc.; to knock or drive about. - Pass.: quassor, satus sum, sāri. quǎter, adv. [akin to quǎtŭor; see quatuor] Four times. quatuor, num. adj. indecl. Four [akin to réσoap-eS, TÉTTαPes; also to Sans. chatur (for chatvar)]. que, enclitic conj. And:que... que, both... and :-que .et, both... and; v. 506 [akin to Té]. quercus, ūs, f. An oak. quĕr-ēla, elæ, f. [quĕr-or, "to complain"] A complaining, complaint, lamentation. quicquam; see quisquam. qui-cumque, quæ-cumque, quod-cumque, pron. rel. [qui; suffix cumque] Whoever, whatever; whosoever, whatso ever. queror, questus sum, 1. quid; see 1. and 2. quis. queri, 3. v. dep.: 1. Act.: To 2. quid, adv. [adverbial complain of-2. Neut.: a. To neut. of 1. quis] For what purcomplain.-b. Of the screech-pose, etc.; wherefore, why. owl: To utter a melancholy, or mournful, note or sound [root QUES or QUER, akin to Sans. root CVAS, to sigh"]. ques-tus, tūs, m. [fr. quer or, "to complain,' through root QUES] A complaining; a complaint, lamentation. quiérant, for quiěvěrant, 3. pers. plur. pluperf. ind. of quiesco. qui-es, ētis, f. ("A lying down"; hence) 1. Rest, repose, from anything.-2. Rest or repose in sleep; sleep [akin to Sans. root çI, to lie down; to sleep"; also, to Gr. kei-μai, "to lie down "]. quie-sco,ēvi, ētum, escère, 3. v. n. [for quiet-sce; fr. quies, qulēt-is, "rest"] ("To be in a state of quies"; hence) Of things as Subject: To become still, peaceful, tranquil, etc. qui-n, conj. [for qui-ne; fr. qui, abl. of relative pron. qui, qui, quæ, quod, pron.: 1. Relative: a. Who, which, what, that.-b. At the beginning of a clause instead of a conj. and demonstr. pron.: And this, etc. -c. With Subj.: (a) To point out a purpose, etc. For the purpose of; that; in order to or that; to.-(b) In a restrictive quiet-us, a, um, adj. [quleforce: As far as.-d. With SCO, to rest," through root ellipse of demonstrative pron.: QUIET; see quiesco] At rest, enHe, or she, who; that which:-joying rest; tranquil, calm, quiet; dextra fidesque, Quem, for dex--at v. 379 supply eos (= supertra fidesque ejus, Quem, v. 597; os) with qulētos. quæ, for ea, quæ, v. 333; habes, quod = habes id, quod, v. 100. -e. The relative clause is sometimes placed before the demonstrative clause, when anything is to be brought prominently forward; cf. v. 545.-f. The relative sometimes attracts a subst. out of the demonstrative clause into its own: -quem dederat cursum fortuna, perēgi, for perēgi cursum, quem dederat fortuna, v. 653.2. Interrogative: In indirect clauses: What, what sort or kind of.-3. Indefinite: Any.As Subst.: Any one, anybody. qui-a, conj. [old acc. plur. of qui] [§ 152, 11, (1)] Because. who, which"; ne, "not" ("By which not"; hence) 1. That not, but that.-2. Interrogative: Why not? wherefore not?-3. Rather, yea rather. quin-ětíam, conj. [or, as two words; quin, but indeed"; ětlam, too"] But indeed too; yea too, moreover. qui-ppe, conj. [for qui-pte; fr. qui, abl. of relative pronoun qui," who, which"; suffix pte] "From which very thing"; hence) 1. Surely, assuredly, in fact, in good truth.-2. In an ironical sense: Certainly, indeed, forsooth. 1. quis, quæ, quid (Gen. cujus; Dat. cuí), pron, interrog.: 1. In direct interrogations: What? i. e. what sort, or kind, of a person or thing P-As Subst.: a.quis, m. Who? what person? -b.quid, n. What thing, what? 2. In indirect questions: Who, what person or thing.-As Subst.: quid, n. What thing [Gr. Tis]. 2. quis, no fem., quid (Gen. cujus; Dat. cui), pron. indef. Any one, anybody; anything. quis-quam, quæ-quam, quic-quam or quid-quam, pron. indef. [quis, "any one"; suffix quam] Any, any whatever.-As Subst.: a. Masc.: Any one, anybody-nec quisquam, and no one or nobody.-b. Neut. : Anything. quis-que, quæ-que, quod-| que, pron. indef. [quis, "any"; suffix que] Each, every, any. quis-quis, no fem., quicquid, quid-quid or quod-quod, pron. indef. Whatever, whatsoever.-As Subst.: a. quisquis, m. Whoever, whosoever. b. quic-quid, n. Whatever, whatsoever. quō, adv. [for quo-m, old form of que-m, acc. masc. sing. of qui, who"] ("To what place"; hence) 1. Whither, where.-2. To what end, for what purpose, wherefore, why?3. To the end that, in order that, so that, that. "since"; jam, "now"] Since now, since then, since, because. quoque, conj. Also, too;placed after the word to be emphasized. quot, num. adj. plur. indecl. [quot-us, "how many "] How many; as many as:-quot... tot, how many...so many; as many as...so many. quot-ies, adv. [quot, "how many "] 1. How many times, how often, as often as.-2. As a correlative to toties: As. quum (old form quom), relative adv. and causal conj. [for quom =quem, fr. qui, who"] 1. Relative Adv.: ("To the time which"; hence) When.-2. Causal Conj.: ("To the end that or which hence) Seeing that, since, as [§ 152, I, (3)]." răd-Ĭus, fi, m. ("A staff or rod"; hence) A ray, or beam [prob. akin to Sans. root VRIDH, to increase or grow"]. rad-ix, icis, f. ("The increasing, or growing, thing"; hence) 1. The root of a tree, etc. -2. Sing. in collective force: Roots [akin to písa = ῥίδοσα; also to Sans. root VRIDH, increase or grow"]. to rā-mus, mi, m. A branch or bough [prob. for rad-mus; and fr. same root as radix; see radix]. răp-idus, Ida, Idum, adj. [rap-fo, in force of "to hurry onwards"] Hurrying onwards; quocumque, neut. abl. sing. of quicumque; v. 627. quon-dam, adv. [for quom-swift, rapid. dam; from quom, old form of quem, acc. of qui; suffix dam] 1. At a certain time; at one time, once upon a time, formerly.-2. At some time, at any time, sometimes. rap-io, ui, tum, ĕre, 3. v. a.: 1. To snatch, seize; to carry off or away.-2. With the accessory notion of swiftness: To gather hasily together;-at v. 581 without nearer Object.-3. To carry quòn-iam, adv. [for quom-off by force.-4. Of the mind as quum, Object: To hurry away, to turn jam; fr. quom = rapidly; v. 286.-Pass.: răpfor, tus sum, pi [akin to Gr. ἁρπ άζω]. rap-tum, ti (mostly in Abl. sing. n. [rap-lo, in force of "to rob, plunder "] ("That which has been robbed or plundered"; hence) Plunder, spoil, prey, booty ;-at v. 217, the thing for the person; the person being Dido, whom Encas is represented as snatching from Iarbas. raptus, a, um, P. perf. pass. of răpio. rārus, a, um, adj. ("Having wide interstices" between the parts; hence) Of nets: Of a loose texture, i. e. with wide meshes. ră-tio, tiōnis, f. [reor, "to reckon," through root RA] ("A reckoning"; hence) Method, means, mode. rătis, is, f. ("A raft, float"; hence) A vessel, ship, etc. [prob. akin to rēmus; see rēmus]. rě-cēdo,cessi, cessum, cedĕre, 3. v. n. [rě, "away"; cedo, "to go"] To go away, withdraw, depart. recēpi, perf. ind. of recipio. recessi, perf. ind. of re cĕdo. rěcid-īvus, iva, īvum, adj. [rěcid-o, "to fall back"]("Falling back"; hence, "returning, recurring"; hence) Poetically: Of a city: Restored, rebuilt. cipère, 3. v. a. [for re-căpio; fr. rě," without force "; căpio, "to take"] 1. To take to one's self; to receive, admit.-2. Poenam ab (aliquo) recipere, (To take satisfaction to one's self from (some one); i. e.) To inflict punishment upon (some one). re-cludo, clūsi, clusum, cludere, 3. v. a. [re, denoting "reversal" = un-"; clūdo = claudo, "to shut, close"] 1. To unclose, open.-2. Of a sword: To draw, unsheathe.-Pass.: rěclūdor, clusus sum, clūdi. reclusus, a, um, P. perf. pass. of reclūdo. recur-so, no perf. nor sup., sare, 1. v. n. intens. [for recurrso; fr. recurr-o, "to run back"] ("To run back"; hence) To return, come back or recur again to the mind. red-do, didi, ditum, děre, 3. v. a. [red (= re with d for de, demonstrative), "back"; do, to give"] To give back, return, restore. 66 rěd-ĕo, ivi or fi, Itum, ire, v. n. [red (see reddo), "back"; ĕo, "to go"] To go or come back; to return. rěděuntis, gen. sing. of rědiens. rědiens, ĕuntis, P. pres. of rěděo. rě-dúco, duxi, ductum, dūcère, 3. v. a. [rě, "back"; duco, "to lead] To lead, or bring, back.-Pass.: re-ducor, ductus sum, dūci. rĕduxi, perf. ind. of re duco. rècinctus, a, um, P. perf. pass. of rěcingo. re-cingo, cinxi, cinctum, cingère, 3. v. a. [rě, denoting re-fello, felli, no sup., fell66 reversal" = “ùn...”; cingo, | ěre, 3. v. a. [for re-fallo; fr. rè, "to gird"] Of a garment: To denoting "reversal = un-"; ungird; to loose, or let down, fallo, "to deceive"] ("To unthat which was before girded.- deceive a person as to somePass.: re-cingor, cinctus thing; hence) Of words as Obsum, cingi. ject: To refute, disprove, show to be false. rě-cipio, cepi, ceptum, |