Namque humeris de more habilem suspenderat arcum Ac prior, Heus, inquit, iuvenes, monstrate, mearum Soph. Ant. 981 foll. (a passage which corresponds remarkably with this story of Harpalyce), we have the expression Bopeàs auros. Comp. Jeremiah 12. 5, "If thou hast run with the footmen, and they have wearied thee, then how canst thou contend with horses?" Both 'praevertor' and 'praeverto' are used in this sense: comp. 7. 807., 12. 345. Fuga' of rapid movement in general, G. 3. 142, 201. 318.] Humeris suspenderat arcum: Tóc Cuoio Exwv, Il. 1. 45. The bow, and sometimes the arrows, appears to have been placed in the bow-case, or ywρutós (10. 169, "Gorytique leves humeris "), and so slung over the shoulder. See Dict. A. 'arcus.' 'Habilem' is perhaps best taken closely with suspenderat,' the bow being slung conveniently. Comp. 9.305, "habiDe more' lem vagina aptarat eburna." is explained by v. 315 above, v. 336 below. 319.] Venatrix,' as a huntress :' comp. 11. 618 note, and perhaps ib. 780; also below v. 493. Dederat comam diffundere ventis,' a Grecism; comp. Hor. 1 Od. 26. 2, "Tradam protervis in mare Creticum Portare ventis." It is difficult to obtain an exact grammatical analysis of the expression, which may be explained either by making comam diffundere' jointly the object of dederat' ('gave the dishevelling of her hair to the winds'), or by making 'comam' the object and diffundere' an epexegetical acc. (her hair, namely, its dishevelling'); or, lastly, by making 'comam' the object and diffundere' a cognate acc. expressing the effect of the gift. 320.] Nuda genu,' i. e. her tunic did not reach the knee. Ov., M. 10. 536, "Nuda genu, vestem ritu succincta Dianae" (quoted by Forb.). A representation of Diana with her tunic girt up above the knee, and the folds gathered into a knot or bunch on the breast, is given in Dict. A. chlamys.' It is difficult however, on a comparison of parallel passages (4. 139., 11. 776; Stat. Theb. 4. 265; Claud. Cos. Prob. et Olyb. 1. 89), to determine whether the sinus' is the folds of the tunic VOL. II. 320 325 65 or the chlamys, and whether the 'nodus ' is the knot or bunch into which the folds were gathered, the brooch, or the belt. The usage of Virg. seems in favour of taking nodus' strictly of a knot. Comp. 6. 301. Heyne's note on this passage is perhaps scarcely consistent with his third Excursus on Aen. 11. 321.] If you have by any chance seen one of my sisters, point out to me where she is;' not tell me whether you have seen,' a sense which 'monstrate' will not bear. 323.] Maculosae tegmine lyncis:' this would be worn as a chlamys or scarf. See Pharetram,' which Dict. A. chlamys.' is found in some inferior MSS. and (from 324.] Apri cursum prementem' is opposed to errantem.'. Clamore prementem;' see G. 3. 419, where the dogs, to which clamore' refers, are the principal subject of the paragraph. Apri cursum ="aprum currentem," a boar that has See Hor. Epod. 5. 28, and broken covert. Macleane's note. 325-334.] Aeneas replies, supposing her to be a goddess, and inquires the name of the country.' 325.] At,' the reading of some of the early editions, is supported by Serv. on 9. 656; but Wagn. justly observes that, coupled with contra,' it would create too strong an opposition. F 330 Nulla tuarum audita mihi neque visa sororum, 326.] 'Audita' is commonly rendered 'heard of;' in which sense "auditus" is frequently coupled with "visus," even in the case of persons. Here however there would be no particular force in it, and it seems better, on the whole, to follow the suggestion of Serv., and suppose the reference to be to clamore.' 327.] O,' as Wund. remarks, should have been followed by a vocative of the name of the goddess; for he is sure she is a goddess (O Dea certe'), though he knows not what goddess. Wund. comp. Demosth. de Cor. p. 232, ElT' &—Tí àv εἰπὼν σέ τις ὀρθῶς προσείποι;-ἔστιν ὅπου K.T.A. To which may be added Aristoph., Clouds, 1378, & Ti o' etπw; Weidner refers to a passage in Ad Herenn. 4. 4, "tu istud ausus es dicere, homo omnium mortalium -quonam te digno moribus tuis appellem nomine ?" which is given as an example of oratorical "dubitatio." There is probably some sense of solemnity in memorem.' 'Virgo' is not to be pointed as a separate interrogative sentence ('what shall I call thee? a virgin?'), as some have supposed, the word being applicable to a goddess as well as to a mortal maiden. Haud-nec' 7. 203 note. 328.] Hominem sonat:"" "humanum sonat "would be the common idiom. Persius however (3. 21) has "sonat vitium." "Sapimus patruos" (Pers. 1. 11) is a similar expression. There is a slight similarity to this passage in Od. 6. 149 foll., and a somewhat stronger one in Apoll. R. 4. 1411 foll. 329.] Heyne appears to be right in dividing this line into two separate questions. Hand's notion (Tursell. 1. 315) that it is a case similar to those in which 'certe' follows "nescio an," whether or not-at all events,' seems far-fetched. Looking to 'una,' it seems better to take sanguinis' as equivalent to 'generis" ("sanguis meus," 6. 835), not as an attributive genitive. Comp. however 6. 778, "Assaraci quam sanguinis Ilia mater Educet." Perhaps it may be regarded here as a confusion of two modes of expression. 330.] Sis felix,' 'be propitious.' Comp. E. 5. 65, "Sis bonus o felixque tuis." Wund., following a hint of Heyne, thinks it may stand for xaîpe, which is so common in Greek hymns; but the passage just cited is against this. Quaecumque (es),' a sort of vocative clause: comp. 8. 122, "Egredere o quicumque es." For the thought comp. Od. 16. 183. 331.] Tandem' does little more than lend emphasis, like dń. 333.] Vastis et fluctibus' is the reading of Pal. and other MSS. Rom. and Med. a m. pr. read et vastis fluctibus,' which is approved by Pierius, and restored by Heinsius and Heyne. It is undoubtedly true, as Wagn. says, that the former rhythm is that which we most frequently find in Virg.'s hexameters. The other however is by no means uncommon. It is therefore a question of ear in the particular passage, and the fuller close which, as Pierius says, is produced by 'et vastis' seems appropriate here. 334.] Comp. Od. 16. 181 foll. 335-371.] Venus informs him that he is in the territory of Carthage, and tells the story of Dido's flight from Tyre to Africa.' 335.] Honore,' i. e. being addressed as a goddess or nymph, not a sacrifice, as Serv. and Heyne say. 336.]This garb is not that of a goddess of the chase, but merely of a Tyrian huntress.' 337.] Comp. E. 7. 32 (note), "Puniceo stabis suras evincta cothurno " (of Diana). Punica regna vides, Tyrios et Agenoris urbem ; Alte' refers to the height of the cothurnus, which rose, more than half way to the knee. 338.] The city in whose domain you are is that of Agenor (one of Dido's ancestors); but the country around is Libya.' "Cocyti stagna alta vides," 6. 323. 339.] Henry compares 4. 40, "Hinc Gaetulae urbes, genus insuperabile bello," in support of Heyne's interpretation, which refers genus intractabile bello' to the Libyans, against Wagn., who refers it to the Carthaginians. Intractabile,' ǎаπтos. 340.] Inperium regere' occurs Ovid, 3 Pont. 3. 61, cited by Wagn. 'Inperium' is the command, not, as an English reader might think, the domain. Elsewhere Virg. talks of "regere inperio aliquem" (v. 230 above); here he varies the expression. 341.] It is a long and intricate tale of wrong.' Longis ambagibus," Lucr. 6. 1081. 343.] Ditissimus agri' has been objected to as inappropriate in the case of the Phoenicians, who were a commercial, not an agricultural, people; and 'ditissimus auri has been proposed by Huet, approved by Heyne, and adopted by Ribbeck. But ditissimus agri' is a common phrase, occurring 10. 563 (comp. 7. 537), Sil. 5. 260. Wagn. (Q. V. 39) suggests that Virg. was thinking of the great estates of the Roman nobles in his own time. The orthography Sychaeus' was introduced by Heins. from Med., and is supported by Pal. For the variety of the quantity in the first syllable (comp. v. 348) see the note on v. 258 above. 340 345 350 344.] Miserae,' because her love was ill-fated. 345.] Iugare' is similarly used of marriage, Catull. 62 (64). 21, quoted by Cerda. 346.] Ominibus,' the omens of the marriage sacrifice, and so the marriage rite. Comp. Prop. 4. 20. 24, "Contineant nobis omina prima fidem." Primis' with reference to intactam.' 347.] Inmanior ante alios omnis:' the comparative is pleonastic. Comp. 7. 55, "petit ante alios pulcherrimus omnis Turnus," and Hand, Tursell. 1, p. 387. 348.] Medios' is the reading of Med. and some other MSS.; but medius' is the idiomatic expression, and the origin of the variation is obvious. Serv. and Donatus connect these words with the preceding line, so as to make omnis' the antecedent to quos,' "ac si diceret, Sceleratior Atreo et Thyeste, vel Eteocle et Polynice;" but this punctuation, though approved by Trapp, is clearly less natural. Furor may perhaps refer to the unnatural character of the quarrel, as in Hor. Epod. 7. 13, Lucan 1. 8. with 349.] Atque couples caecus impius.' 'He was so blinded with the love of gold that he did not even respect the altar.' Henry refers 'impius' to the unnatural character of the murder, comp. Ov. Her. 7. 127; and this is doubtless included in the notion of the word here: but that it also denotes impiety in our sense is plain from such passages as 2. 163. Aras,' the altar of the Penates. Comp. 4. 21, and see on v. 355 below. 350.] Superat' is compared by Heyne with daua (lays him low), as not necessarily implying a struggle. With the pas Germanae; factumque diu celavit, et aegram, 353.] Inhumati,' as Heyne suggests, may account for the unrest of the shade (comp. II. 23. 71 foll.), as it enhances the barbarity of the murderer. 354.] Burm., followed by the recent editors, places a semicolon at 'coniugis,' and a comma at miris;' but 'ora modis attollens pallida miris' is obviously a description of 'imago.' Comp. Lucr. 1. 123, "simulacra modis pallentia miris," already copied by Virg. G. 1. 477. See on 10. 822. 'Attollens' in fact expands 'venit,' much as Byron makes the witch of Endor call up Samuel in the words, "Samuel, raise thy buried head!" 355.] Crudelis aras,' not unlike "crudelis terras," 3. 44. There the co-operation of the country in the crime of its king might be assumed naturally; here it is uncertain whether the Penates are those of Pygmalion, and so concerned in the murder, or those of Sychaeus, and so merely witnesses of it. Perhaps 4. 21, Ov. Her. 7. 113, point rather to the latter, which is also more probable if we suppose that Dido is made actually to see the altar and the treasure (see on next line). On the other hand, we should more naturally think of the crime as perpetrated, like 355 360 that of Atreus, in the house of the murderer, and the concealment would then have been more easy. But where the data are so few conjecture degenerates into licence. 356.] Nudavit' will bear the general sense of 'revealed, which is applicable to both the objects of the verb (see Forc.); but it is more probably to be referred specially to 'pectora,' so that we shall have a zeugma. Whether the poet intended a vision strictly speaking or a dream, is not quite clear; if the former, 'nudavit' and tellure recludit' must be taken of words spoken by the apparition; if the latter, Dido was actually made to see the altar and the cavern where the treasure lay. The former seems more consistent with analogy; but the latter is supported by 2. 297, where Hector, after appearing in much the same way as Sychaeus here, brings out the sacred things from the penetralia. Domus scelus,' the domestic crime,' as perpetrated by her brother, not as perpetrated before the Penates. 358.] Pierius's Medicean MS. reads auxilioque viae,' which might be worth adopting if it had more authority. Tellure,' from the earth,' a construction frequently found with words compounded with 're,' as Wund. remarks. Comp. 5. 99. The course of the narrative, especially v. 349, shows that these are hereditary treasures belonging to Sychaeus, not au ancient and forgotten hoard. Aut metus acer erat; navis, quae forte paratae, , of tyranni' partially accounts for the 362.] For the omission of the verb subst. after a participle in a relative clause, Weidner comp. 9. 675, E. 8. 24, G. 4. 89, to which may be added A. 10. 162, 655, 827. 364.] The opes are evidently the 'adrum;' not, as Henry and after him Forb. suppose, the resources which constituted the power of Pygmalion, a sense which would not well agree with 'portantur. Pygmalion may not have actually taken possession of the treasures, but they were his from the time when he slew their owner. The epithetavari' should be remarked. The wealth for which he has committed the crime is wafted away from him over the sea. The expression is meant to be terse and almost epigrammatic, as dux femina facti' shows. Comp. Dido's words Ov. Her. 7. 149, " Hos potius populos in dotem, ambage remissa, Accipe, et advectas Pygmalionis opes," where there is evident reference to paying a dowry in treasure. 365.] Heyne and Ribbeck, from Pal., Rom., and Gud., read 'cernes ;' which you will see when you are at the top of the hill; but Wagn. with apparent justice objects that nunc' with the future could not mean, you will see by and by.' 'Cernis' is the reading of Med., and may be rendered with sufficient accuracy, where now meet your eye.' 366.] 'Novae Karthaginis:' see on v.298. 365 370 367.]Mercatique' (sunt) to be coupled with 'devenere.' Jahn makes it a part., supposing that Venus interrupts herself at the end of v. 368,-not a very natural thing, as there is no abruptness in the context (the case of 2. 100 foll. is obviously different); and Ribbeck thinks the passage unfinished, and encloses this and the next line in brackets. Byrsa, whence the legend of the bull's hide (Búpσa) arose, appears to have been the Greek corruption of Bosra, the Phoenician name for the citadel of Carthage. Facti de nomine' is copied by the author of the Ciris, v. 487. 368.]Taurino tergo.' The story was that they cut the hide so as to make one thong; the bargain being that they should have as much ground as they could com. pass with a bull's hide. 369.] Tandem :' see on v. 331. Rom. and some others have advenistis' for 'aut venistis,' which was restored by Heins. Med. has 'aud,' altered into 'aut,' and other MSS. show signs of correction or erasure. 370.] Quove tenetis iter ?' 9. 377. For 've' following 'aut' comp. 6. 842 foll., where "vel" is similarly used. There seems to be no means of determining whether talibus' should be taken with quaerenti' or with ille,' as in itself it may refer either to a speech just made or to one to come. 371.] Apoll. R. 2. 207, Ę пáтOLO στήθεος ἀμπνεύσας. 372-386.] Aeneas tells his name and fortunes.' 372.] The thought seems to be from Od. 11. 330 (comp. ib. 3. 113 foll.). The words 'prima repetens ab origine' are repeated from G. 4. 285, where the object of repetens' ("famam ") is expressed, not as here left to be implied from the context. If I should tell my story throughout, beginning at the first. |