XVI SOLDIERS enjoy an almost entire exemption from punishment (1—34), are not harassed by protracted law-suits (35-50), and hold property in their own right, while their fathers yet live (51-60). Schol. 'ista a plerisque exploditur, et dicitur non esse Iuvenalis.' On the other hand it is quoted as Juvenal's by Servius (Aen. 1 16 ver. 6. II 106 ver. 42) and Priscian (VIII 31 and 82 ver. 2). The opinions of modern critics are collected by Ruperti and Heinrich; add, in favour of the genuineness of the satire, K. F. Hermann, Düntzer, W. E. Weber, O. Jahn. That the work is imperfect is evident: for we have no complete list of the communia commoda, which were but the beginning of the proposed theme (7): the instances of special good fortune, alluded to in verses 1-6, are not touched upon. The objections which have been taken to the language are frivolous in themselves, and easily outweighed by the excellence of 4 seq. 9 seq. 24-34 cet. F. Bücheler (Rhein. Mus. XXIX 1874 636. cf. Ribbeck der echte . . Juvenal 175 seq.) explains the abrupt termination of the fragment. 'nam in medio fere corpore saturarum codices Pithoeanus et Sangallensis triginta versibus (vII 129-158) quae olim adscripta fuere scholia omittunt. casu aliquo Iahnius ea in communi archetypo intercepta existimavit, ego librorum naturae non video quid sit magis consentaneum quam totum interiisse folium. tricenum igitur versuum foliis archetypum compositum puto. iam numera inde a vII 159, ut qui primus fuerit in aliquo folio, versus saturarum reliquos, adice singulos praepositos saturis aliamque ab alia discernentes, praeterea duos quibus quarti libri et quinti exordia indicantur, neve unum illum neglexeris post Ix 134 sublatum ab editoribus sed antiquitus traditum, et summam cognosces fieri versuum 2040 folia inplentium 68 sine ulla deductione aut accessione. itaque qui hodie saturis finem facit versus idem extremus fuit in archetypi folio, nec plures ad nos pervenerunt ideo quod sequentia codicis folia aut unum saltem perierant.' 1-6 Fortune (1 felicis, 2 prospera, 3 secundo, 4 benigni) can shower countless prizes on the soldier; if she befriend him, he need not pray to Venus or Iuno to make interest with Mars on his behalf. The theme of the satire, as of xv, is proposed in a question. FELICIS VII 190-202. Ix 33. XII 62-66. epithet of Sulla and of certain legions. PRAEMIA the pay (Tac. ann. 1 17 two denarii a day for praetorian soldiers), bounties on special occasions, as on 26 IUV. II. an accession, a lump sum (5000 denarii for praetorians) on discharge Marquardt röm. Staatsverw. 111 94. 464. 524. 545. The competition for admission to the guards was great, and only the tallest candidates were accepted Dosith. Adr. sent. 2 Hadrian asked a recruit 'πŵs éλELS σтрαTeveola;' he replied 'els тò πраiтúрioν'. 'How tall are you?' '5 feet'. Hadrian replied · ἐν τοσούτῳ εἰς τὴν πολιτικὴν στρατεύου', i.e. the cohortes urbanae had a lower standard. GALLI SO P, not Galle: the name Gallius occurs in Cic. 2 NAM felicis I say, for I could be content myself, if sure of fortune's favour, to enter the camp. 34 ME PAVIDUM EXCIPIAT TIRONEM PORTA SECUNDO SIDERE VII 194-5 distat enim, quae | sidera te excipiant. Tac. h. 111 24 quae castra alia excipient? Mühlmann 'excipio' col. 918. .... PORTA dig. XLIX 16 12 § 2 officium tribunorum est vel eorum, qui exercitui praesunt, claves portarum suscipere. On the four gates of the camp, the side-gates porta principalis dextera and p. p. sinistra, one at each end of the via principalis or cardo maximus, and the gates at the ends of the decumanus maximus, porta praetoria in front, p. decumana in the rear, see Marquardt röm. Staatsverw. 111 400—2. 4 SIDERE VI 569–581. x 314. xiv 248 n. Philo de provid. 1 77-88. HORA Pers. v 48 nata fidelibus hora. 5 VENERIS COMMENDET EPISTOLA MARTI II 30 31 leges revocabat amaras | omnibus atque ipsi Veneri Martique timendas. x 313. On the Lucianic tone i 84 n. XIII 38-52. Lucr. 1 38-40 hunc [Martem] tu, diva, tuo recubantem corpore sancto | circumfusa super, suavis ex ore loquellas | funde petens placidam Romanis, incluta, pacem. cf. ib. 31-37. 6 SAMIA GENETRIX QUAE DELECTATUR HARENA VII 32 n. x 171 n. Aen. 1 15 16 quam Iuno fertur terris magis omnibus unam | posthabita coluisse Samo. The Heraeon at Samos was Hdt. 111 60 § 6 μéɣiσтos távtwv νηῶν τῶν ἡμεῖς ἴδμεν. See a Samian coin in Müller Denkm. Heft 1 n. 8. Priap. 75 2. Lact. 1 17 § 8 insulam Samum scribit Varro prius Partheniam nominatam, quod ibi Iuno adoleverit ibique etiam Iovi nupserit. itaque nobilissimum et antiquissimum templum eius est Sami et simulacrum in habitu nubentis figuratum et sacra eius anniversaria nuptiarum ritu celebrantur. ib. 15 § 9. Spanh. on Callim. Dian. 228. Del. 48. Aug. civ. D. vI 7 sacra sunt Iunonis et haec in eius dilecta insula Samo celebrabantur, ubi nuptum data est Iovi. Ath. 655ab and 672ab quotes a monograph on the temple by Menodotus. The statue of the Samian Here, by Lysippus and Bupalus, removed to Constantinople Cedren. I 564 Bonn. Westermann in Pauly vi 735. Cic. Verr. 1 § 50. v § 184. Tac. ann. Iv 14. The temple contained many pictures and statues and was plundered by Verres and by Antonius Strabo 637. Apul. m. VI 4. A Samian inscription in honour of Lollia priestess of Here Archegetes καὶ Θεᾶς Ιουλίας Σεβαστης Rhein. Mus. 1867 314. GENETRIX Hera mother of Ares by Zeus Il. v 896; or without a father Ov. f. v 233-260. HARENA Tert. pall. 1 p. 921 Oehler nulla iam Delos, harenae Samos, owing to the earthquake of A.D. 178. Sibyll, 111 363 σraι Kai Záμos äμμos. IV 91. 7-34 The first privilege common to all ranks in the army alike: they hold so fast to one another, that no civilian dare accuse them or give evidence against them. VIII 166. 7 COMMODA Tac. ann. 1 26 the mutinous soldiers A.D. 14 exclaim novum id plane, quod imperator sola militis commoda ad senatum reiciat. 27 quo pergeret? ad imperatorem an ad patres? ut illic quoque commodis legionum adversaretur? DCass. LX 24 § 3 TоîS TE σтρατευομένοις, ἐπειδὴ γυναῖκας οὐκ ἐδύναντο ἔκ γε τῶν νόμων ἔχειν, τὰ τῶν γεγαμŋkóтwv dikαιwμатα edwкe. Oud. schol. on Cic. epp. pp. 84. 303—4. COMMUNIA XIII 140 where, as here, it )( special luck. impediendi vel prohibendi.' 8 NE used because Hand Tursell. Iv 42 'subest notio TOGATUS VIII 240 n. x 8 n. 9 it was not uncommon for a defendant to enlist as a means of evading justice cod. XII 34 1 qui litis causa militiam appetierunt. dig. XLIX 16 4 § 8 qui eo animo militiae se dedit, ut sub obtentu militiae pretiosiorem se adversario faceret. cf. ib. 16 16. Spartian. Pescenn. Niger 3 § 6 re vera in re militari vehemens fuit. numquam sub eo miles a provinciali lignum oleum operam extorsit. ETSI PULSETUR, DISSIMULET dig. XLVII 10 11 § 1 iniuriarum actio.. dissimulatione aboletur. DISSIMULET Supply ut from ne, as XIII 36. so quisque from nemo v1 17 18. Plaut. aul. 30 scit out of nescit. Enn. fr. trag. 277 V (in Cic. rep. 1 § 30) quod est ante pedes nemo spectat, caeli scrutantur plagas. Cic. Brut. § 259 sciebat understood from a following nesciebat (cf. Tac. XII 64). Cic. p. Cluent. § 6 scit out of nescit. finn. II §§ 25 Madvig. 88. Nep. 5 1 § 4 Bremi. 14 6 § 4 Heus. 18 6 § 3-2 Heus. (ut from ne, as § 2-1. 8 3 § 1. 23 12 § 2. 25 10 § 4). Ov. m. iv 470—1 quod vellet, erat, ne regia Cadmi | staret, et in facinus traherent Athamanta sorores. Phaedr. Iv 17-18 31 Burm. Rutil. Lup. I § 13 Ruhnken. Tac. h. 1 84 ne centurio tribuno obsequatur, [ut] hinc confusi pedites equitesque in exitium ruamus. id. ann. XIII 14. Hand Turs. Iv 56 and on Gron. diatr. in Stat. 1 253. Benecke on Iust. xxxi 1 § 8. Munro on Lucr. II 1038. Obbar in Schneidewin Philol. VI 151. Vahlen in Ztschr. f. d. österr. Gymn. XXII 25-27. Sen. ben. IV 8 § 2 qui te negas deo debere, sed naturae. Ruddiman II 361. Heindorf and Fritzsche on Hor. s. I 1 3. Hdt. vII 104. Matthiä § 634 3. Madvig lat. Gr. § 462 b and gr. Synt. § 213. Kühner gr. Gr. 112 1072. Sir T. Browne vulgar errors 1 10 fin. p. 32 ed. 1650 'some denying his humanity, and [supply affirming] that he was one of the Angels, as Ebion... Some denying his Divinity; [affirming] that he was begotten of humane principles, and the seminall sonne of Joseph.' 9 10 AUDEAT AUDEAT X 359-361 n. xIV 48 n. 10 III 300 301. Lucil. 1x 75 M dentesque advorsos discutio omnis. Apul. m. 1x 39-42 a Macedonian gardener is riding on his ass, when quidam procerus et, ut indicabat habitus et habitudo, miles e legione factus nobis (the ass is historian) obvius superbo atque adroganti sermone percontatur quorsum vacuum duceret asinum. Not understanding Latin, the gardener passes on. The soldier belabours him with his vitis and pulls him off his ass, and takes possession of it. The gardener begs for mercy, but seeing the soldier preparing inversa vite de vastiore nodulo cerebrum suum diffindere, trips him up, beats him with fists and elbows, bites him, pounds his face, hands and sides with a stone. The soldier threatens to make mincemeat of the gardener, who again cudgels him till he feigns death, carries off his sword, and hides himself in a friend's house. The soldiers charge the gardener with stealing a piece of the governor's plate: he is sentenced to death. cf. c. 41 vindictae sedulam darent operam. PRAETORI urbano III 213. 11 OFFAM II 33. 'a XIII 4 n. Gaius III 224. bruise'; 'one raw lump'. Plin. xv § 26 nucibus arefactis et in offam contusis. 12 RELICTUM given over, abandoned. 13 14 BARDAICUS CALCEUS Bardiaei (Plut. Mar. 43 § 4 Bap dvaîo cl. Lob. Aglaoph. 1325) or Vardaei (Cic. fam. v 9 § 2. Liv. perioch. 56. Plin. III § 143) a tribe inhabiting the Illyrian coast, opposite the island Pharos (Strabo 315 'Apdiaîoi), gave name to a military shoe. Mart. IV 4 5 lassi Vardaicus quod evocati [redolet]. Capitolin. Pertin. 8 § 3 cuculli Bardaici. Pape-Benseler Eigennamen 'Apdía. Ovapdało. 'if the injured man of peace seek redress, a soldier's shoe and stout shanks sit in judgement on the bench.' 13 IUDEX VII 116-7 n. bubulco iudice. Tac. Agr. 9 credunt plerique militaribus ingeniis subtilitatem deesse, quia castrensis iurisdictio secura et obtusior ac plura manu agens calliditatem fori non exerceat. Agricola naturali prudentia, quamvis inter togatos, facile iusteque agebat. 14 CALCEUS of the centurion 17. cf. II 10 fossa. GRANDES SURAE III 247. xiv 194 n. MAGNA to support SUBSELLIA 44. XIV 10 n. gula. Pers. III 86 torosa iuventus. v 189. the gigantic occupant. 15 16 MORE CAMILLI SERVATO who introduced a standing army (Liv. v 2), before which time the soldiers might in winter at home prosecute their suits. Liv. v 19 § 9 in pushing on the siege of Veii a procurationibus, quae multae temere inter murum ac vallum fiebant, edicto, ne quis iniussu pugnaret, ad opus milites traducti. Soldiers were forbidden by a rescript of Hadrian to leave the camp in order to give evidence dig. XXII 5 3 § 6 multo minus milites avocandi sunt a signis vel muneribus perhibendi testimonii causa. On the other hand Honorius and Theodosius, A.D. 416, decreed cod. 1 46 2 ne quando curiales vel privatae condicionis homines ad militare exhibeantur iudicium vel contra se agentium actiones exhibeant vel litigare in eo cogantur. 17-22 the centurions then, let us suppose, try the soldier's cause with perfect justice, still etc. Iti 100 n. Munro on Lucr. III 935. Teles • in Stob. xcvII 31 p. 215 27 Μ where παῖς μὲν ὤν, ἔφηβος δὲ γενόμενος, ὅταν δὲ ἀνδρωθῇ, are followed by πρεσβύτης γέγονε, πάλιν ἐπιθυμεῖ τὰ ἐν νεότητι . . . . οἰκέτης ἐστίν, ἐλεύθερος σπεύδει γενέσθαι κ.τ.λ. 17 CENTURIONUM proverbial for uncouth ignorance xiv 194 n. Lucil. in Cic. finn. 1 § 9. Cic. Tusc. Iv § 55. Hor. s. 1 6 73. Pers. v 189. 19 IUSTAE CAUSA QUERELLAE Luc. VIII 511-2 iustior in Magnum nobis, Ptolemaee, querellae | causa data est. Petron. 15 iudex querellam inspiceret. 21 CURABILIS elsewhere 'curable' Cael. Aur. tard. 11 137 Erasistratus facile curabiles succulentos homines dixit atque fortes. . . . difficile autem curari posse tenues ac debiles. § 138 difficile curabiles... difficile curabilem. cf. §§ 139. 143. iv § 93. Ign. ep. Eph. 7. As plorabilis=plorandus, so here curabilis curanda 'requiring medical treatment.' Plaut. aul. 625 verberabilissume. id. trin. 44 culpam castigabilem. Ov. Pont. Iv 14 31 32 esset perpetuo sua quam vitabilis Ascra, | ausa est agricolae Musa docere senis. Plin. ep. vi 21 § 3 probitate morum, ingenii elegantia, operum varietate monstrabilis. 22 VINDICTA GRAVIOR QUAM INIURIA III 297-301. that your revenge (as ultio 19) may cost you more pain than the original wrong.' cf. vIII 91-97. Grang. cites Ambr. [ep. 18 § 20] quae autem aequitas, ut paucis sacerdotibus dolentes victum negatum, ipsi omnibus denegarent; cum inclementior esset vindicta quam culpa. 23 MULINO Plaut. Cist. CORDE VAGELLI the mulish rhetorician Vagellius x 119 n. 24 CUM DUO CRURA HABEAS I 161 n. x 2 n. pauci. Caes. b. c. 1 22 § 5 paucorum. 23 § 3 pauca. 11 41 § 3 ne militibus quidem, ut defessis, neque equitibus, ut paucis et labore confectis, studium ad pugnandum virtusque deerat; sed hi erant numero cc ['only 200'], reliqui in itinere substiterant. Kraner cites b. G. III 17 § 5 Sabinus idoneo omnibus rebus loco castris sese tenebat, cum Viridovix contra eum duum ['only two'] milium spatio consedisset. VII 81 § 1 uno die intermisso. Having but two legs to stumble against so many soldiers' boots and so many thousands of hob-nails.' CALIGAS III 322. leathern boots (Sympos. aenigm. 56) worn by the rank and file, whence caligatus=gregarius. [Quintil.] decl. III § 15 hoc dicis, cui parere caligatum lex iubet, qui non solum militibus sed centurionibus praepositus. ib. § 19 commendem tibi ordinem caligati militis. Suet. Aug. 25. Vitell. 7. Cal. 9 Caligulae cognomen castrensi loco traxit, quia manipulario habitu inter milites versabatur. Lips. on Tac. ann. 1 41. DCass. LVII 5 § 6. Auson. monos. de Caes. 4 (cf. tetrast. de Caes. 4) Gaius, cognomen Caligae cui castra dederunt. Sen. cited VIII 246 n. fin. Plin. vir § 135 many say that Ventidius iuventam inopem in caliga militari tolerasse. Capitolin. Maximin. 28 § 9 the elder Maximinus was 8 ft. in height; his shoe preserved in a grove near Aquileia was a foot longer than the normal length; unde etiam vulgo tractum est, cum de longis et ineptis hominibus tractaretur, caliga Maximini. ed. Diocl. Ix 6 caligae militares sine clabo. When Octavian B. c. 41 offered to make the senators and veterans umpires in his dispute with Fulvia, the veterans set up a court at Gabii, but Fulvia and L. Antonius did not appear DCass. XLVIII 12 § 3 ẞovλny κaλıγᾶταν ἀπὸ τῆς τῶν στρατιωτικῶν ὑποδημάτων χρήσεως ἀποκαλοῦντες. Tert. idol. 19 militia... caligata. Marquardt Staatsverw. 111 525-6. 25 CLAVORUM III 248 in digito clavus mihi militis haeret. Augustin. in 1 ep. Ioh. tract..10 § 8 forte caligis clavatis contereret pedes tuos. Plin. Ix § 69 and XXII § 94 clavi caligares. xxxiv § 143 caligarii. from which passage it appears that they were of iron: the sole of the caliga was thickly studded with them Ioseph. bell. vi 1 §8 Tà yàp Вπоdýμата τежаpμéva πuкvoîs kal ¿žéσw (cf. Plin. 1x § 69 crebris atque praeacutis) ήλοις ἔχων, ὥσπερ τῶν ἄλλων στρατιωτῶν ἕκαστος. Sympos. aenigm. 57. Greg. dial. 1 4 (169) vir Dei clavatis calceatus caligis, falcem fenariam in collo deferens. Migne patrol. lat. xc 128a. 25 26 Who would venture so far from the city to accuse a soldier? Besides what friend is so true a Pylades, as to devote his life for his friend? 26 PYLADES Ov. tr. 1 5 21 (=Iv 4 71) exemplum veri Phoceus amoris. r. a. 589 semper habe Pyladen aliquem, qui curet Orestem. Mart. vi 11 1 2 quod non sit Pylades hoc tempore, non sit Orestes, miraris? Pylades, Marce, bibebat idem. 9 ut praestem Pyladen, aliquis mihi praestet Oresten. Stat. s. 11 6 54 55 dignus et Haemonium Pyladen praecedere fama | Cecropiamque fidem. v 2 155-6 unanimi comes indefessus amici; quo Pylades ex more pius. PapeBenseler Eigennamen. MOLEM AGGERIS ['the agger of the praetorian camp; which makes the irony stronger.' H.A. J. M.] 27 LACRIMAE SICCENTUR Grang. cites Ov. f. 1 509. her. 18 25 26. Prop. I 19 23. Quintil. xI 1 § 6. Let us dry up our tears at once, and not importune our friends (who on one pretext or another will certainly put us off), to bear us company in our hazardous enterprise. 29 If when the judge calls on the accuser to produce his witnesses, the bystander, who chanced (nescio quis) to see the blow struck, dares to say I saw it,' he may be ranked with the noblest worthies of the good old times. DA TESTEM III 137. exx. from Cic. and Quintil. in Mühlmann 'do' col. 506. |