J. H. Huddilston, University of Maine, Orono, Me.

Ray Greene Huling, English High School, Cambridge, Mass.
Andrew Ingrahain, Swain Free School, New Bedford, Mass.
J. C. Kirtland, Jr., Phillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, N. H.

Charles Knapp, Barnard College, Columbia University, New York, N. Y.
Thomas B. Lindsay, Boston University, Boston, Mass.

Gonzalez Lodge, Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, N. Y. O. F. Long, Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill.

Grace H. Macurdy, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.

H. W. Magoun, Redfield College, Redfield, S. D.

F. A. March, Lafayette College, Easton, Pa.

Maurice W. Mather, Cambridge, Mass.

Nelson G. McCrea, Columbia University, New York, N. Y.

Walton Brooks McDaniel, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
Elmer T. Merrill, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn.

Truman Michelson, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.
Richard A. Minckwitz, Central High School, Kansas City, Mo.
George F. Moore, Theological Seminary, Andover, Mass.
J. Leverett Moore, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
Morris H. Morgan, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.
Edward P. Morris, Yale University, New Haven, Conn.
Wilfred P. Mustard, Haverford College, Haverford, Pa.
Frank W. Nicolson, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn.
Charles P. Parker, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.
James M. Paton, Wesleyan University, Middletown, Conn.

Charles Peabody, Cambridge, Mass.

Samuel Ball Platner, Adelbert College of Western Reserve University, Cleveland, O.

Henry W. Prescott, University of California, Berkeley, Cal.

Joseph C. Rockwell, Cambridge, Mass.

John C. Rolfe, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Henry A. Sanders, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.

W. S. Scarborough, Wilberforce University, Wilberforce, O.

E. G. Sihler, New York University, University Heights, New York, N. Y.
Clement L. Smith, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.
Kirby F. Smith, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.
Herbert Weir Smyth, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pa.
Sidney G. Stacey, Erasmus Hall High School, Brooklyn, N. Y.

F. H. Stoddard, New York University, University Heights, New York, N. Y.
Duane Reed Stuart, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
Morris Crater Sutphen, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.

Glanville Terrell, Georgetown College, Georgetown, Ky.
William E. Thompson, Hamline University, Hamline, Minn.

H. C. Tolman, Van lerbilt University, Nashville, Tenn.

John H. Walden, Cambridge, Mass.

Minton Warren, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.
Winifred Warren, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
William E. Waters, New York.

John Williams White, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.
George A. Williams, Phillips Exeter Academy, Exeter, N. H.
Frank E. Woodruff, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, Me.
John Henry Wright, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.

[Total, 100.]

AMERICAN PHILOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION.

CAMBRIDGE, MASS., July 9, 1901.

The Thirty-third Annual Session was called to order at 3.10 P.M. in the Fogg Art Museum of Harvard University by the President, Professor Samuel Ball Platner, of Western Reserve University.

The Secretary of the Association, Professor Herbert Weir Smyth, of Bryn Mawr College, presented the following report : —

1. The Executive Committee has elected as members of the Association:

Prof. Herbert T. Archibald, Occidental College, Los Angeles, Cal.
Miss Agnes Baldwin, American School of Classical Studies, Athens.
Phillips Barry, Esq., Boston, Mass.

Prof. Allen R. Benner, Phillips Academy, Andover, Mass.

Miss Miriam Adeline Bytel, Gilman School, Cambridge, Mass.
Percy Robert Calwell, Esq., Princeton University, Princeton, N. J.
Prof. James Edward Church, University of Nevada, Reno, Nev.
Miss Josie A. Davis, Peter Cooper High School, Manhattan, N. Y.
Prof. George V. Edwards, Olivet College, Olivet, Mich.

Miss Mary R. Fitzpatrick, Eastern District High School, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Ray C. Flickniger, Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill.

Prof. D. E. Foyle, Georgetown College, Georgetown, Ky.
Clarence W. Gleason, Esq., Roxbury Latin School, Roxbury, Mass.
Miss Clemence Hamilton, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, N. Y.
Dr. William Fenwick Harris, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.
Eugene W. Harter, Esq., Erasmus Hall High School, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Irving A. Hazen, Esq., Manual Training High School, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Prof. Charles Horswell, Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill.
Willard Lay, Esq., Twenty-third Street High School, Manhattan, N. Y.
Prof. A. St. Clair Mackenzie, State College of Kentucky, Lexington, Ky.
David Magie, Esq., Princeton University, Princeton, N. J.

Dr. Walton Brooks McDaniel, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.
Prof. Charles William Pearson, Northwestern University, Evanston, Ill.
Charles Alexander Robinson, Esq., Princeton University, Princeton, N. J.
Prof. John A. Sanford, Adelphi College, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Prof. J. J. Schlicher, State Normal School, Terre Haute, Ind.

Stanley Simon, Esq., University of California, Berkeley, Cal.

Dr. Duane Reed Stuart, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.

Dr. Edgar H. Sturtevant, Kushla, Mobile County, Ala.

Dr. Morris Crater Sutphen, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md.
Charles H. Thurber, Esq., Boston, Mass.

Harry F. Towle, Esq., Boys' High School, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Prof. Robert R. Truitt, Tome Institute, Port Deposit, Md.

Miss Alice Van Vliet, Packer Collegiate Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Willis P. Woodman, Esq., Jamaica Plain, Mass.

Prof. R. B. Youngman, Lafayette College, Easton, Pa.

2. The TRANSACTIONS and PROCEEDINGS were not issued until June, 1901, in order to incorporate several of the papers presented at the special meeting held at Philadelphia in December, 1900. Separate copies of the PROCEEDINGS may be obtained of the publishers.

3. The contract with the publishers, Messrs. Ginn & Co., has been renewed to July 1, 1906, the amount of royalty to be received by them to be twenty-five per cent instead of twenty per cent, as in the contract for the past five years.

4. The salary of the Secretary and Treasurer has been fixed at $300, which sum is to include any outlay for clerk hire.

5. The Report of Publications by members of the Association since July 1, 1900, showed a record of books, pamphlets, and articles by fifty-five members.

6. The dues of the members of the Philological Association of the Pacific Coast are henceforth to be collected by the Treasurer of that Association, and forwarded in June of each year to the Treasurer of the American Philological Association.

Professor Smyth then presented his report as Treasurer for the year 1900-1901:

The President then appointed the following committees:

On Time and Place of Meeting in 1902: Professors Earle, Paton, and Bates. On Officers for 1901-02: Professors D'Ooge, Lodge, and Wright.

To audit the Treasurer's accounts: Dr. Knapp and Dr. Sanders.

The reading of papers was then begun. The number of members in attendance at this meeting was about sixty.

1. Latin Verbs in -cinari, by Dr. George Davis Chase, of Wesleyan University.

Such verbs as sermō-cinari, ratiō-cinari, can hardly be compounds, since sermō-, ratiō- are impossible forms for the stems. The long -ō- seems to be an essential feature in this class of verbs.

Denominatives from -n stems are common enough in Latin. From stems in -en, gen. -inis, denominatives are formed in -inare, as nominare (nomen), fulminare (fulmen), examinare (examen), discriminare (discrimen), germinare (germen), etc. Stems in -ō, gen. -inis, also form denominatives in -inare, as ordinare (ordo), aeruginare (aerugo), compaginare (compago), marginare (margo), grandinare (grando), imaginare (imago), libidinari (libido), robiginare (robigo), etc. Denominatives of both of these classes take exactly the same form as those made from nouns in -inus, -ina, as dominare (dominus), terminare (terminus), geminare (geminus), etc.

We should expect nouns in -ō, -ōnis, and also those in -ōnus to form denominatives in just the same way, viz. in -ōnare. As a matter of fact there are only two denominatives in -ōnari in common use, viz. contionari and auctionari. Several others are met with very rarely and mostly in post-Augustan Latin, as cocionari, be a broker, ära, Quint., consermonari, äπağ, Gell., potionare, praeconari, quaestionare, Eccl., rare, cauponari, cited once from Ennius. But in a majority of cases denominatives from nouns in -ō, -ōnis, and -õnus are formed in -ōcinari, as latrocinari, patrocinari (patronus), lenocinari, ratiocinari, sermocinari. The verbal tirocinium also presupposes a *tirocinari.

In the case of at least one verb double forms existed side by side, sermonari and sermocinari. The former is known only from the citation in Gell. xvii. 2, 17, sermonari rusticius videtur sed rectius; sermocinari crebrius est sed corruptius. And so it seems the longer form crowded the simpler out of use.

The Greek adjectival ending -icus was introduced into Latin through such words as tyrannicus, paganicus, scaenicus. It soon spread to pure Latin words and gave rise to dominicus, flaminica beside flamina, etc. The ending was especially common in -on stems, (1) in proper names, as Hieronicus, Macedonicus, (2) in other foreign words, as paeonicus, tectonicus, trigonicus; thence it gradually extended to Low Latin words, as mirmillonicus (mirmillo), mulionicus (mulio), beside the more classical mulionius, histrionicus, fullonicus, lenonice, beside the classical lenonius, gurdonicus, stupid, mangonicus (mango, slave-dealer). The next stage was to form denominatives from these. Thus we have mangonicare, derived from mangonicus, but used as the denominative of mango. Hence apparently a denominative suffix -icare. But other classes of words contributed

much more toward establishing a denominative suffix -icare. From nouns and adjectives in -icus, -ica were derived such verbs as tunicare, vilicare, rusticari, while from -c stems were made simplicare, pumicare, decorticare, and many others. Some of these derivatives might have been referred to simpler forms not in -c; thus duplicare comes undoubtedly from duplex, but may have been connected in thought with duplus, and hence might arise the idea of -icare as a suffix. So imbricare may have suggested imber as well as imbrex. At any rate there came into use a denominative suffix, -icare, which was added to a large number of words, as albicare, claricare, nigricare, etc.

With icare established as a denominative suffix it was an easy step to form denominatives from -ōn stems in -ōnicare instead of -ōnare, even when the intermediate adjective did not exist, as it did in the case of mangonicus, mangonicare. From leno we can cite the adverb lenonice and hence can infer an adjective *lenonicus and a verb *lenonicari. But from latro, ratio, sermo, tiro, patronus, we infer directly a *latronicari, *rationicari, *sermonicari, *tironicari, *patronicari. Now these forms are not found, and it is very doubtful if they ever all existed. Let us suppose the beginning was made with patronicari from patronus. The only other common verb in -nicare was communicare. On the other hand there were many verbs in -cinare. As examples we may cite halucinari, tuburcinari, tibicinare, vaticinari, fidicinare, sarcinare, bucinare, fascinare, farcinare beside farcio, lancinare beside lanio, coracinare, Isid., and cornicari, Pers., both meaning to caw. The analogy of this group in -cinare made the metathesis from *patronicare to patrocinare an easy one. The change is similar to the corruption of ignorant in some country districts of New England to igronant, a change which is doubtless aided by the analogy of such words as prominent, permanent, etc. Given patrocinari, the step to latrocinari is an easy one. Thence through the parallelism in meaning to *tirocinari. By the analogy of this group the classical sermonari was gradually replaced by sermocinari, as is partly shown by the testimony of Gellius. Sermocinari drew with it ratiocinari, and with that the process ceased.

To sum up:—

(1) The analogy of denominatives in -icare lengthened the ending -onare to -onicare.

(2) The analogy of verbs in -cinare changed the ending onicari to -ocinari.

2. The Politics of the Patrician Claudii, by Dr. George Converse Fiske, of the University of Wisconsin.

There are four distinct theories on the Claudian policy: that of the ancient historians, Livy, Dionysius, and Diodorus, who believe the Claudii to be stubborn and arrogant patricians; the slightly modified form of this view held by Herzog,1 who holds that the Claudii wished to build up by the side of the patrician order, a parallel plebeian order, dependent but enjoying a sort of minority representation; third, the theory of Mommsen 2 that the Claudii were champions of the

1 Römische Staatsverfassung, pp. 179 ff. and pp. 265 ff. especially.
Römische Forschungen: Die Patricischen Claudier.