ings that have been uppermost during the day vanish and you become absorbed in what you are doing. A feeling of success takes the place of your sense of humiliation, because you have actually been successful. You have made something in your own way, without taking orders from another man. All of us have a creative spirit, and our hobby becomes a means of self-expression. Some day we will understand that this very feeling, the innate demand for liberty of mind and soul, is at the bottom of a great deal of industrial unrest."

B

How Haynes Promotes Recreation

Y degrees, the conversation veered around to a discussion of motives, and how Mr. Haynes came to make a hobby of promoting recreation. Haynes is an original thinker. He wants to know "why." During his college days, he began to question the systems of philosophy that were being taught, and went on a still hunt for the philosophers who originated the systems. It was a daring thing for him to challenge the wise men of the books. But he did it. His attitude toward philosophers was expressed rather pungently, thus:

"This man's philosophy is his way of scratching his mental itch." Of course his professor was horrified, but that did not disturb Haynes in the least. He went right ahead and made another declaration quite as shocking: "What people want has a good deal to do with what they think is so." That was his way of saying that "a man's beliefs are shaped by his desires."

At the University of Minnesota, Mr. Haynes taught philosophy and ethics. But like all thinkers he wanted to try out something that was not on the calendar. Therefore, he originated a course on "The Psychology of Moral and Religious Experience.' In spite of its mouthfilling title the course itself was very simple and practical.

Mr. Haynes's object was to find out why a certain man possessed particular characteristics. His method was to assign a specific student to a specific "case." Thus, John Jones was required to put Bill Smith under a psychological microscope, determine his dominant qualities, and how they originated. For example, Jones was found to be reticent. inaccurate, stingy, and careless about keeping his promises. His antecedents were ascertained, and all possible facts about his life assembled and studied. "What made him thus," was the question. And the conclusion was, "Habits springing from desires." In teaching this course, Haynes did not attempt more than to demonstrate his proposition that, "What a man wants has a good deal to do with what he

He

a minister, Haynes had obtained some “practical experience" by dealing with boys and young people. There he caught his first glimpse of the "Invisible University" that is so potent in shaping desires and habits-the "Invisible University of Spare Time," which often has more to do with failure or success than the home or the school. So he set about studying methods for making better use of hours that go to waste. He wanted to turn them into profit instead of loss. thought he saw a way to shape the desires of young and old by showing them how to "play." That was Haynes's "hobby." He worked at it on the side. Now it is his job. His entire system is based on trained leaders who know how to arouse the right kind of desires, and direct the activities of both young people and adults. His idea is to create play conditions that will cause the people to "want to play at his game," and thus get more fun out of living.

“While I was with the University of Minnesota," he explained, “we tried a little experiment that proves my point. Permission was obtained to use a school yard where about twenty children were playing in an aimless sort of fashion. Equipped with an outfit of bats, balls, and other games, that, all told, did not cost over ten dollars, Mrs. Haynes went into that yard one day and said to the children, 'Let's play.' They responded, and she started them going in groups. The next day, the crowd had doubled, and, in a short time, the yard was spilling over with boys and girls eager to take part. That is what I mean by leadership.

T

HE pages of the United States Senate, as well as those of the more humble body, the House of Representatives, are much like other boys. There is open to them, however, a pathway to future life that is not approachable to other youths. But even with this great opportunity, it so happens that not all of the favored youngsters who, since the existence of this nation, have been favored with a seat on the steps of the Senate rostrum have become famous. It is gratifying for a boy to be a page in the United States Senate, but it is not altogether as gratifying as some people believe.

The opportunity for close observation of the methods and manners of American statesmen are inspiring and are sometimes turned to good account, but it does not follow that to rub elbows with the great men of our land, day by day, will graduate a boy into a similar state of greatness.

Famous Men Who Began as Pages

TH

HE late Senator Arthur Pue Gorman, of Maryland, for several years the political leader of his party, began his public career as a Senate page. Another man long prominent in the public eye, who once answered to Senatorial applause, was the late Brigadier-General John M. Wilson, U. S. A., retired, formerly Chief of Engineers. Stuart Robson, the actor with the infectious laugh, was also a Senate page.

Senator Gorman, in his later life, derived satisfaction from the fact that he had been a Senate page. He seemed to be proud of it and mentions the circumstances in the biographical sketches that accompanied his prolonged career in public life.

He was one of "Captain Bassett's boys,” having originally been appointed a page in 1852, when he was thirteen years old. Gorman was recommended by Abraham Lincoln's rival for the

Presidency, Stephen A. Douglas, the "little giant" of Illinois. Mr. Gorman, when he was too old to serve longer as a page, occupied various subordinate positions in the service of the Senate, being promoted from time to time until he became postmaster of the body. He was then twenty-seven years of age and his office, being a political one subject to the unwritten political law, "to the victors belong the spoils," he was removed at the beginning of the political campaign of 1866, but was at once appointed Collector of Internal Revenue for the Fifth District of Maryland and held the place until the beginning of the Grant administration, in 1869.

In June of that year Mr. Gorman was appointed a director of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company which was for him a stepping stone into the political leadership he held so long. In November, 1869, he was elected to membership in the Maryland House of Delegates, then to the State Senate, and, finally, in January, 1880, to the United States Senate to succeed William Pinckney White.

Arthur Pue Gorman, while a Senate page, was a member of the baseball club made up of Capitol employees, and was a star player. Afterwards he was drafted into the more celebrated nine that brought honor and glory to the City of Washington, and died a baseball "fan" as he had lived a player.

General Wilson, when a page under the VicePresidency of Millard Filmore, was a genial, bright, and popular boy-just as he was a man. He made the intimate acquaintance of Senator Gwynn, of California, who took him to the Pacific Coast after his term expired. Wilson located in Oregon. The delegate from the Territory of Washington, Columbia Lancaster, had him appointed a cadet to the United States Military Academy at West Point, where he was graduated

with a high honor and entered the coveted engineer corps. After a career marked by distinction, he reached the head of the corps and became Chief of Engineers.

When Daniel Webster was a United States Senator, he had appointed as page a little freckle-faced boy from Capitol Hill, named Isaac Bassett, who remained a faithful if humble servitor of the Senate for sixty years or more. Isaac Bassett grew into the tall, stalwart old gentleman, whose white beard and white hairthe latter rolled from his neck-made him for many, many years a picturesque figure as he announced, “A message from the President of the United States"; or, in the crowded hours of a closing session, with blushing face and a broom handle, he would turn back the hands of the clock and thus save the face of the Senate at the cost of violating the Constitution of the United States.

There is no Isaac Bassett now, and no page of the present day who sits under the admonishing gaze of the modern guardians of the peace and dignity of the Senate can possibly appreciate what it meant to be tapped on the head by Mr. Bassett's gentle fingers and be told, “Come, boy; hustle."

During his lifetime, Captain Bassett-whose military title was derived from his service as commander of the guard of Capitol employees— organized to protect the big marble building from threatened incendiaries and other enemies of the United States-kept a diary and gathered a mass of material relating to the men and measures of the sixty-year period of his official life, with the intention of having it published after his death. As yet, however, no publication of this interesting and valuable data and anecdote has been made.

Two Pages Who Went to Congress

So men

O far as can be learned accurately, the two who having been pages in the House of Representatives, and who afterwards served as members of that body, were the late William L. Scott, of Erie, Pennsylvania, and Richard W. Townshend, of Illinois.

Both lived as boys in Washington and had no capital except the friendship they formed among the public men of their day. Scott, after the pageship ended, was taken to Erie by a Congressman who had befriended him in Washington, became ultimately his man of business, branched out on his own hook and, eventually, became one of the wealthy railroad and coal operators of the United States. He was known to fame as a Democratic leader and as Chairman of the Democratic National Committee. Mr. Scott died in

1891. His daughter, Mrs. Townsend, is a prominent social leader in Washington and his grandchild, regarded as the most beautiful young woman of the Capital, is the wife of Senator Peter Goelet Gerry, of Rhode Island.

"Dick" Townshend went west after his apprenticeship among the lawmakers ended, taught school, studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1862, enlisted in the Civil War, afterwards went into politics and was for ten years a Democratie member of Congress. He died in 1889, and, singularly enough, his official biography in the Congressional Directory written by himself like that of Mr. Scott, is silent as to his term as a page in the House of Representatives.

A Page Who Kept the Speaker Posted

OTHER the House of Representatives but

THER prominent men have served as

history has made no note of them and their names cannot be found in contemporaneous records. There was, however, one page in the lower house who gained fleeting notoriety by being the parliamentary guide, if not the philosopher and friend, of a Speaker of the House. His name was Thad. Thomas, and the Speaker— at whose elbow parliamentary tradition says he stood to guide him through the mazes of rules and precedents-was William Pennington, who served over fifty years ago.

Tradition has it, too, that Thad. Thomas would often give counsel to his chief in tones that were audible throughout the chamber, both adding to his own reputation as a parliamentarian and calling attention to the weakness of the presiding officer.

According to official statistics, Grafton D. Hanson was the first boy to be appointed a page in the United States Senate. Nepotism in official life apparently existed then as it does to-day, although possibly not in such virulent form, for the Sergeant-at-Arms, in 1829, when Hanson received his appointment, was General Mountjoy Bayley, the boy's grandfather. John C. Calhoun was then President of the Senate, and Daniel Webster, Henry Clay, Lewis Cass, and other great men and statesmen were members.

Mr. Hanson was a type of the faithful and loyal public servant, like Captain Bassett, who, having been called to the service of the State, are disinclined to desert. He was promoted from one place to another in federal employment after leaving the Senate and died not so many years ago at a very advanced age while holding the responsible office of chief clerk of the Paymaster General's Department of the Army for forty

years.

Hanson to convey a message or deliver a docunent to "the reprobates," as he of the lofty brow and eagle eye had named "the minority.'

Hanson was a page in those traditional days when the eloquence of such silver-tongued Senators as Henry Clay and Preston of South Carolina flowed so fast that the official reporters could not take down their words. Their quick brains and subtle fingers were paralyzed. The reporters who perform the parliamentary pothooking of the present day recognize eloquence when they hear or see-it, but they seldom permit the flowers of oratory to interfere with their business.

One of Mr. Hanson's anecdotes of the early period, one, by the way, which illustrates how carefully such delightful

which Thomas M. Cooley It was a bench enjoying reputation.

The pages in the legislat "messenger boys" they were like those of other States, ea to Washington. One of then wrote a letter to Senator Ch townsman of Monroe, and Washington in the nick of tir that a caucus was held with t a new sergeant-at-arms. rallied enough votes to hold porters was Judge Christian was the arrival at Monroe o which the following is an exa

How Pages Meet the High Cost of Living

PAGE

AGES in the Senate are appointed by the Sergeant-at-Arms and under the rules must be between twelve and sixteen years of age. They are paid $2.50 a day for the session, which means every day from the beginning to the end of a session, including holidays and Sundays. In these days of the high cost of living, a bonus of $20 a month is added.

Although there is no ruling on this point, the size of a page has as important a bearing as age on the matter of his appointment and retention. This is well illustrated by the following incident:

Thirty-five years ago a wave of so-called political reform swept over the legislatures of various States, and several "stalwart" leaders in the United States Senate were retired to private life. Among them were General Logan, of Illinois; Matthew Carpenter, of Wisconsin; and Zachariah Chandler, of Michigan, all friends and supporters of President Grant. Mr. Chandler's

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Later on, sitting togethe Senate rostrum-the pages who was employed tempora in another capacity, and Bar confidences, brought out th page was more than a year cessor removed because of then, Ringgold was tall whi the misfortune of being sh Napoleon, Andrew Carnegie less distinguished men.

Soon after that letter ha Monroe, Michigan, where ciated, a full-fledged United to town-the first time the upon such a personage. Th panoplied-frock coat, silk