AB and EF being 10 each, BC, CD, and DE 20 each.

2. A strut in an iron bridge consists of a girder section 10 inches by 5 inches by inch, 25 feet long, fixed at the ends, and braced at the centre by a Tiron, the direction of which is in the plane of the web of the strut. Compute its strength and criticise the arrangement.

3. A suspension bridge consists of two land spans of 100 feet each, and a centre span of 200. All these spans have stiffening girders, connected to the main cables by numerous vertical rods. Explain carefully how you would determine the stresses on the various parts under dead and live loads, giving all necessary formulæ.

4. Determine the central deflection of the truss in question 1, the span being 36 feet, the material mild steel, and the stress 12,000 lbs. per square inch.

CIVIL ENGINEERING.-PArt I.

FIRST PAPER.

The Board of Examiners.

1. It is necessary to construct a bank 30 feet high for a roadway, partly over old clay pits used as rubbish tips, partly over river silt of considerable depth, and partly over schist rock. What diffi

culties would

you expect, how would you meet

them, and what allowance for subsidence would you make? The material used being soft silurian rock and clay.

2. Make neat sketches with full description of a modern rock-drilling plant employing compressed

air.

3. Give a full account, with sketches, of the necessary appliances of some modern method of making steel plates for boilers. What tests would you employ to detect inferior material?

4. Describe the tools employed and processes involved in carrying out large wrought iron or steel bridge work. What tests would you employ to detect bad workmanship?

5. The stone pier of a large bridge is 70 feet long by 40 wide, and has to be sunk for 80 feet through water and mud to a solid foundation. How would you do this, iron being expensive, and oregon timber cheap?

CIVIL ENGINEERING.-PART I.

SECOND PAPER.

The Board of Examiners.

Design and briefly specify a suspension bridge of 250 feet span, and 15 feet wide, to carry a main road. The towers to be of bluestone, the cables steel, the stiffening girders and deck colonial timber. The anchorages are in bluestone rock.

PHYSIOLOGY.

The Board of Examiners.

1. Write an account of the experimental evidence which proves that the law of the conservation of energy is applicable to the animal machine.

2. What are the effects of asphyxia upon the circulation? How are the effects brought about, and how are they modified by previous section of both vagi? Give a short account of the method you would adopt to demonstrate the truth of

your answer.

3. Write a short account of the development of the spinal cord. Explain, as far as you can, to what extent a study of developing cords has contributed to our knowledge of

(a) The nature of and the course taken by neurons; (b) The tracts in the white matter.

Mention in outline the methods employed in obtaining such information.

4. Describe, with the help of drawings, what you know of the minute structure of a typical cell including the phenomena of karyokinesis. Mention instances showing how unicellular organisms respond in a definite manner to various forms of stimuli, and show the possible bearing of this in the physiology of higher animals.

5. Supposing the nucleus of the third nerve on the right side of the mesial line is destroyed, explain in what position you would expect to find the

eyes.

Four questions only to be answered.

PHYSIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, HISTOLOGY,

AND THE ELEMENTS

PHYSIOLOGY.

OF

The Board of Examiners.

GENERAL

1. Describe areolar tissue and the various kinds of cells which may be met with in it.

2. Describe the minute structure of the trachea. What is the difference in composition in the air of the trachea just after inspiration and just before expiration takes place? Explain exactly how the alteration in composition is brought about. 3. Give an account, with drawings, of the minute structure of the small intestine as seen in sections vertical to and tangential to the plane of the mucous membrane. Show briefly how the structure of the different parts of the alimentary canal varies in accordance with the local physiological processes which occur.

4. Explain in detail the changes which occur in the physical properties and chemical composition of urine when it is exposed to the air for some days. How are these changes brought about, and how would you proceed to prove your answer?

5. Give some account of the chemical composition and characteristic properties of fats. What fats are contained in the body? Show briefly how fats pass from the alimentary canal into the blood. What happens when fat is

(a) Boiled with caustic potash?

(6) Boiled with hydrochloric acid?

(c) Digested with fresh pancreatic juice?

6. Write a short account of all the proteids contained in blood under the following heads :

(a) Nature and chemical properties.

(b) Methods of separation and preparation. (c) Physiological significance.

Five questions only to be answered.

PATHOLOGY.

The Board of Examiners.

1. Describe the varieties of blood-corpuscles in health and in disease. The detailed pathology of any disease is not included.

2. State what you know concerning sero-diagnosis and its methods, with particular reference to typhoid fever.