Protometameric skull, 591
Protoplasm, 410
Protopterus, 625; abdom-
inal pores, 362; æstiva-
tion. 363; lung, 364;
alimentary canal, 366,
367; anatomy, 368; in
aquaria, 373; blood, 383;
brain, 385; dentition,
398; scales, 402; embry-
ology, 411, 414; eye, 418;
fins, 461, 575, 603; heart,
502, 503; epidermis, 510;
muscles, 520; nervous
system, 522, 523, 524,
526; pancreas, 543; para-
sites, 545; pelvic girdle,
551; breeding habits, 576,
579; gills, 585; skull, 593;
suprarenals, 598; urino-
genital system, 607, 608;
visceral skeleton, 612
Protosphyrana, 624
Protospondyli, 612
Prototroctes, 410, 641
Protozoan parasites, 548,
549

Provence, 445

Prussia, fauna, 446, 447;
fisheries, 483, 484; palæ-
ontology, 531, 535, 536,
537, 539, 540, 541; pisci-
culture, 567
Pruth R., 439, 440
Prymnothonus, 642
Psammodontidæ, 618
Psammosteidæ, 663
Psammosteus, 401
Psephurus, 398, 623
Psetta - see Rhombus
Psettus, 375

Pseudamnion, 581

Pseudo-copulation,

577

Pycnodontidæ, 398, 623
Pygidiidæ, 546
Pygidium, 435
Pygomely, 603
Pygosteus, 644

Pyloric cæca, 366, 549, 603
Pyramid Lake, 428
Pyrrhulina, 377, 634

Quasr-el-Sagha Beds, 538
Queen Charlotte I., 424
Queenland, fauna, 454;

fisheries, 488; fishing
methods, 491; museum,
517; paleontology, 538;
pisciculture, 566, 570
Quillan, 566

Racalmuto, 541

Rachicentron

centron

576,

Racine R., 516

see Rhachi-

Rappahannock R., 479
Rarotonga, 456

Rasbora, 378, 576, 587
Rasborichthys, 378
Rathke's pocket, 387
Rathlin I., 443

Ratisbon, 536, 537
Rattles, 488

Ravenna, 518

Rays- -see Batoidei
Recapitulation, 413, 415 f.
Recessus orbitalis, 419
Rectum, 366, 603

Rectus abdominis muscle,

521

"Red cod," 469

Red corpuscles, 383

Red Crag, 542

Refrigeration, 469
Refuse, pollution by, 464
Regolecus, 660; intestine,
366; anatomy, 369; para-
sites, 543; skeleton, 590;
skull, 593; as sea serpent,
660
Regeneration, 401, 412,
510, 575

Reindeer period," 379
Reissner's fiber, 524
Religion see Theology
Remora, 657; adhesive disk,
362; symbiosis, 395; fins,
459; use in fishing, 490;
size, 498; shipholder
myth, 521; parasites, 544
Renaissance literature, 505
Renal mycosis, 547

Renal organs, 391, 598, 606,
607.
Repositorium

anum, 518
Reproduction,

Valentini-

575-582;

copulation, 400, 401, 576,
577, 580, 581; viviparity,
409, 506, 595, 580-582;
breeding and spawning,
496, 497, 515, 577, 578;
oviparity, 506, 580, 595;
reproductive elements,
528, 595, 596; parental
care, 578-580; ovovivi-
parity, 580; taxonomic
value, 599; reproductive
organs, 603, 604, 606,
607, 609

Rhamdia, 378

Rhamphichthys, 378
Rheims, 539
Rheotaxis, 382

Rheotropism, 382, 595, 613
Rhina, 581, 608

Rhine R., 464, 516; fauna,
446, 447; fisheries, 483;
pisciculture, 566
Rhinelepis, 369

Rhincodon, 619; dentition,
398; food of, 492; size,
498; habits, 499; bran-
chial arches, 613
Rhinichthys, 378, 579
Rhinidæ, 362

Rhinobatida, 620

Rhinobatus, 581

Rhinodontidæ, 619

Rhinoptera, 582, 602
Rhizodontidæ, 622

Rhode Island, 469, 516;
fauna, 430; fisheries, 479;
pisciculture, 569

Rhodesia, 423

Rhodeus, 636; in aquaria,
378; hybrid of, 506; incu-
bation, 578; alleged vivi-
parity, 582; vertebral
column, 612
Rhomboidal plates, 402
Rhomboidichthys, 587; eggs
and larvæ, 654

Rhombus, 393, 494, 527,
653, 654; hybrids, 506;
culture, 562, 566; eye,
655

Rhône R., 445, 483, 548
Rhynchostomida

sites), 545

Rhypticus, 649

Riacho Doce, 539

(para-

Ribs of Fishes, 585, 586;

origin, 417; association
with sternum, 551; ho-
mologies, 591

Rio Lerma, 432

Rotti I., 456

Rouergue, 444

Rouffach, 540

Roumania -see Rumania
Roundworms, 544, 546
Rudd -see Leuciscus
Rudolf, Lake, 421
Rüdersdorf, 535
Rügen I., 446, 484

Ruhr R., 464

Rukwa Lake, 421

Rumania, 450, 486, 539,
540

Rumination, 492
Rumpf Collection, 518
Rupelian stage, 540
Russia, 464, 507, 516, 548;
fauna, 438, 439, 450;
fisheries, 467, 470, 473,
474, 486, 487; museums,
518, 519; palæontology,
531, 532, 533, 534, 536,
538, 540, 541; piscicul-
ture, 563, 568

Russian Central Asia, 438
Russian method of fertiliza-
tion, 555

Russian R., 426

Rutilus, 389, 504, 505, 506;

taxonomy, 636

Ruvettus, oil of, 466, 514;

habits, 499; skull, 593;
mode of capture, 652
Rye, 442

St. Just, 539

St. Helena I., 420

St. Lawrence Reservation,
N. Y., 569

St. Lawrence R., 425, 476
St. Louis, 466, 569
St. Lucia, 431

St. Margaret's Bay, 425
St. Martin I., 431

St. Paul I., 437

St. Paul's R., 422

St. Petersburg, 450, 463,
467; museums, 518

St. Pierre I., 424
St. Thomas I., 422

St. Thomas I., Virgin Is.,
431

Saint-Vaast - La - Hougue,
445, 470, 562, 566
St. Valéry-sur-Somme, 562
St. Vincent, 431

St. Vincent's Gulf, 453
Sakhalin I., 439, 480
Salanginæ, 633

Salinity of water, 552
Salivary glands, 365
Salmine, 595

Salmo, 628-630; brain, 385;
skin, 509, 510; supra-
renals, 598; visceral skele-
ton, 612 see also Sal-
mon, and Trout
Salmon, 516, 575, 606, 629,

630, 631, 632; fins, 461;
as food, 465; fisheries,
473, 476, 478, 479; ner-
vous system, 522; pan-
creas, 542; parasites, 543;
culture, 552, 554; sex-
ratio, 586: skeleton, 589;
spleen, 595, 597; At-
lantic Salmon, 629; Pa-
cific Salmon, 630, 631;
reproduction, 630, 631,
632; migrations, 631
Salmonida, 628-634; ab-
dominal pores, 361; anat-
omy, 369; angling, 371,
443; blood, 383; color,

388, 394, 551; muscles,
388, 519, 520; circula-
tion, 389; dentition, 399;
embryology, 410, 411,
413, 529, 628; fins, 458,
461; culture, 464, 505,
555, 562, 565, 566, 567,
568, 569; growth, 496,
497; heart, 502; her-
maphroditism, 504; hy-
brids, 506, 507; diseases,
547, 548; introduction,
557, 558, 570; skull, 592,
594; teratology, 603, 604;
reproduction, 609, 610,
631, 632; vertebral
column, 612; distribution,
628; fossil forms, 628;
taxonomy, 628
Salmoninæ, 628-632
Salmopercæ

sidæ, 590, 643

see Percop-

Salt Lake, 569
Salt lakes, 406
Salt Range, India, 533
Salting fish, 469, 471
Salvador, 432
Salvelinus, 631; hybrids,
507; introduction, 558-
see also Trout
Salzach R., 440
Salzburg, 440, 517, 534, 565
Samland, 539
Samlet, 629
Samoan Is., fauna, 456;
fisheries, 488; vernacular
names, 600

San Diego, 426, 469, 576
San Francisco, 426, 468,
558

San Giovanni, 542
San Ignacio, 432

San Joaquin R., 426

Scombresox, 572
Scombrida, 590, 647, 652
Scombriformes, 651-653;

anatomy, 369; embryol-
ogy, 415; habits, 499;
Ova and larvæ, 572;
skeleton, 590; taxonomy,
651
Scombrocottus -see Ano-
plopoma, 658
Scombron, 595

Scopelida, 401, 642; ova
and larvæ, 571, 572
Scopelus, luminosity, 513,
514; skull, 593; taxon-
omy and distribution,
642; larval form - see
Stylophthalmoides
Scorpæna, 658
Scorpanichthys, 391
Scorpænidæ, 405, 582, 657-
658; poison apparatus,
573
Scorpionfish

see Scor-

Scylliidae, 618
Scylliorhininæ, 618
Scyllium, 362, 403, 499;
intestine, 366; blood,
383; brain, 385, 387, 388;
circulatory system, 389,
390, 391; embryology,
389, 411, 413, 414; in
aquarium, 409; hermaph-
roditism, 504; nerves,
523, 524, 525; ova, 528;
reproduction, 577, 604;
suprarenals, 598
Scymnus, 385, 414, 523,
581, 608, 620

Sea Bass see Centro-
pristis
Sea-horse

campus

-

see Hippo-

Sea Robin see Prionotus
Sea-serpent, 521, 660

Sea Snail-
see Liparis
Seals -see Heraldry, 521
Seba Museum, 518
Sebastes, 529, 582, 609, 658
Sebastodes, 593, 658
Sebastolobus, 590

-

see Pro-

Secretory organs, 388, 509,
510, 578, 597
Seeberg, 447
Seefeld, 534
Segmental duct-
nephros
Segmentation, 410; skele-
tal, 591; skull, 591; seg-
mental bodies, 597; su-
prarenals, 598; meristic
variation, 610; cartilagi-
nous, 611
Seifhennersdorf, 540
Seine R., 445, 554
Seines, 463

Selache see Cetorhinus
Selachii, 617-620; abdomi-
nal pores, 361; air-blad-
der, 363; adenoid organ,
365; intestine, 366; anat-
omy, 368; blood, 383;
brain, 385; circulation,
389, 390, 391; distribu-
tion, 405, 617; embryol-
ogy, 410, 411, 412, 414,
581; eye, 418, 419; tail,
459, 460; fins, 460, 461;
habits, 499; head, 500;
heart, 502, 503; her-
maphroditism, 504; fossil
forms, 508, 617; skin,
510; lateral line, 511;
liver, 512, 580; luminous
organs, 514; museum ex-
hibits, 518, 519; muscles,
520; nerves, 522, 523,
525, 526; olfactory or-
gans, 527; ova, 528;
pathology, 547; physiol-
ogy, 553; reproduction,
577; gills, 585, 613; skele-
ton, 588; skull, 591, 592,
593; spermatogenesis,
596; spinal cord, 596;
spleen, 596, 597; thymus

glands,
gland, 606; urinogenital
system, 607, 608; verte-
bral column, 611; vis-
ceral skeleton, 612; tax-

605; thyroid

onomy, 617
Selborne, 441
Selection, 415
Selene, 375

Selenichthyes, 644
Semao I., 456
Sembach, 567

Semicircular canals, 380,
501

Semicossyphus, 587
Seminal vesicles, 609
Semionotidæ, 623
Semionotus, 623

Semotilus, 576, 579, 636
Sempacher See, 453, 487
Senckenberg, 518
Sendenhorst, 537
Seneca Creek, 428

Senegal, fauna, 423; fish-
eries, 475; palæontology,
538
Senigallia, 541

Senonian series, 537
Senses and Sense Organs,

511, 522, 586; in deep-
sea fishes, 396; hearing.
501, 502; smell, 594:
taste, 599; touch, 599;
vision, 613, 614
Septicemia, 548
Serbia, 451, 490
Sergipe, 537

Seriola, 395

Serosporidia

(parasites),

Serotherapy, 573
Serous envelope, 366
Serpent's eyes," 399
Serranidæ, 648; in aquaria,
375; scales, 402
Serraninæ, 648, 649
Serranus, 410,

649

415, 503.

Serrasalmo, in aquaria, 377;

attacking men, 574
Serrasalmoninæ, 634
Serrulæ, 584
Sertoli-cells, 595
Serum, 384

Sesamoid articular, 592
Settenz, 531

Severn R., 441
Sevilla, 519

Sex, sexual products, 361,
595, 596; maturity, 362,
577, 587; differences, 398;
determination, 409, 410,
586; hermaphroditism,
503, 504; of hybrids, 505,
506, 507; fish as symbol
of, 521
Sex-Ratio, 586

Sexual Dimorphism, 461,
586, 587
Seychelles Is., 437 •
Seymour I., 538
Seyssel, 535, 536

Sheppy, Isle of, 539
Shetland Is., 444, 482
Shikoku I., 438
Shipholder myth, 521
Shipping cases, 554
Shock machines, 514
Siam, 438, 480

Siberia, fauna, 438; fish-
eries, 473, 474, 480; mu-
seums, 517; palæontol-
ogy, 542

Sicily, 516; fauna, 451; fish-

eries, 474, 485; palæon-
tology, 531, 534, 535,
540, 541; pisciculture,
567; vernacular names,
600

Sicydium, 499, 657
Siegsdorf, 540
Sierra-Leone, 423

Sierra Nevada Mts., 493,
557

Sig R., 558

Silesia, 440, 447
Sillaginidæ, 649
Silurian fossil fishes, 398,
531, 663, 664
Siluridæ, 458, 510, 550, 636,

637; air-bladder, 364;
anatomy, 369; in aquaria,
378; auditory organs,
381; fossil forms, 388,
636; habits, 499; lateral
line, 511; nerves, 524,
525; parasitic, 546; cul-
ture, 556, 561; poison
apparatus, 573; barbels,
575, 602; reproduction,
576, 580, 582; respira-
tion, 583; skeleton, 589;
skull, 592, 594; sound,
595; tactile organs, 599;
urinogenital appendages,
606 f.
Silurinæ, 636

Silurus, 490, 509, 603, 636;
stomach, 365; anatomy,
370; in aquaria, 378;
color, 394; electricity,
408; eye, 418; muscles,
520; nerves, 526; intro-
duction, 556; pseudo-
copulation, 576; gills,
585

Silver Lake, 429

Silverside -see Menidia
Silvery coloration, 393
Simbirsk, 451
Simenchelyidæ, 589
Simla, 436
Sinaloa, 432
Sind, 436

Singapore, 456, 517
Sinus terminalis, 389
Sinus urogenitalis, 362, 391,
609

Sinus venosus, 503
Siphonostoma, 375, 610
Siphostoma, 411, 415
Sitang R., 436
Siwaliks, 542

Size, 497, 498, 642 -see
also Growth
Skaaren Is., 444
Skager Rack, 444, 572
Skåne, 452, 538
Skates -see Raiidæ
Skawina R., 480
Skeleton, 459, 460, 461,
493, 518, 587-590, 601,
612; dermal, 399 f.;
skull, 590-594; vertebral
column, 610, 612; vis-
ceral, 612, 613
Skin see Integument
Skull, 368, 416, 418, 550,
589, 590-594, 612; ab-
normalities, 604
Skye, Isle of, 443
Slavonia, 439
Slawänka, 532

Sleep, 594; æstivation, 363;
hibernation, 504
Sleeper Shark

margus
Slime, 509
Slime eel

see Læ-

see Myrine
Small-mouth Black Bass
see Micropterus
Smaris, 504, 587; as white-
bait, 474

Smell, 382, 594; olfactory

organs, 386, 525, 527
Smelt see Osmerus
Smith Sound, 425
Smithsonian

466, 519

Institution,

Smoking fish, 468
Smolt, 629, 630
Snapper see Lutjanus
Snout see Head, 500
Snow Hill I., 538

Societies, fishery and pisci-
cultural, 462 f., 565, 567,
568
Society Is., 457
Soke (fish poison), 489
Sokotra I., 437

Solea, 654, 657; œsophagus,
365; coloration, 393, 394,
654; eggs and larvæ, 461,
654; fisheries, 471; food
of, 493; culture, 559,
562, 570; spawning, 577;
spinal cord, 596; re-
production, 609; ver-

tebræ, 611; fossil forms,
657
Soleinæ, 657

Solenhofen, 536

Solenostoma, 415

Solenostomidæ, 369, 578
Solomon Is., 456, 489
Solor I., 456
Solway Firth, 444
Somactidia, 417
Somaliland, 423
Somites, 591, 607
Somkele, 532
Somniosus -see Lamargus
Song of fishes, 594, 595
Sonora, 432

Sound, 501, 594, 595
South Africa, 516, 571
South America, 405, 508,

516; fishing methods,
372, 490, 491; fauna, 377,
432-435, 491, 546, 580,
595; fisheries, 479; mu-
seums, 519; palæontol-
ogy, 533, 537, 538, 539,
540, 542; fishes intro-
duced, 556, 557, 558;
pisciculture, 570

South Carolina, fauna, 430;
fisheries, 479; palæontol-
ogy, 538, 540; piscicul-
ture, 563

South Dakota, fauna, 430;
palæontology, 535, 537,

540

South Ferriby, 537
South Georgia Is., 240
South Hadley Falls, 562,
563

South I., N. Z., 457

South Park, Colorado, 538
South Seas, 464, 466, 508;
fishing methods, 489, 490,
491; islands - see Oce-
anica, 453 f.

South Trinidad I., 420
Southwater, 535

Spain, 493, 528; fauna, 451,
452; fisheries, 471, 473,
474, 487; museums, 519;
paleontology, 536, 540,
541; pisciculture, 568
Spanish Mackerel

Scomberomorus

Sparidæ, 418, 503, 650
Sparoidea, 593

see

Sparus, 603, 609, 650; ova
and larvæ, 529, 572
Spawning, 577

Species, origin of, 416;
variation, 610

46

Speedwell," 477

Spermatogenesis, 595

Spermatophores, 595
Spermatozoa, 361, 391,
410, 503, 504, 505, 595,
596, 607, 608; effect of
radium on, 410; perme-
ability of egg membrane,
528
Sphenethmoid bone, 593
Sphenoid region, 593