J. T. 1895.5, (in size).10;

Hol-
Baltic

Duncker, G.
1895.1..2, 1896.1, 1913.1; Kyle, H. M.
1900.2; Petersen, C. G. 1894.1.
land. Gottsche, C. M. 1835.1.
Sea. Möbius, K. & Heincke, F. 1883.1.
In Danish waters. Stead, F. B. 1897.1.
American "Plaice a species of Para-
lichthys (P. dentatus). Goode, G. B. &
others. 1887.1.

Pleuronichthys. Review. Starks, E.
& Thompson, W. 1910.1.

Zeugopterus. Petersen, C. G. 1904.2.

Sub-family Soleinæ (Plagusina)
Synopsis. Kaup, J. J. 1858.4,.5.
Solea. Great Britain. Holt, E. W. L. &
Byrne, L. W. 1905.1.

Fossil forms. -Solea in Miocene of
Solea
Switzerland. Musy, M. 1913.1.
in Eocene of Egypt. Woodward, A. S.

1910.2.

DIVISION KURTIFORMES
Family Kurtida

-

1875.1.

Family Gobiida

Taxonomy. East Indies. Beaufort,
L. F. 1912.1. -Gulf of Genoa. Canes-
trini, G. 1861.2. - Norway. Collett, R.
American species. Eigenmann,
C. H. & R. S. 1888.2; Jordan, D. S. &
Eigenmann, C. H. (Review) 1887.1.
Great Britain. Holt, E. W. L. & Byrne,
L. W. 1903.1. Dalmatia. Kolomba-
tovič, J. 1891.1. Sweden. Malm, A. W.
1874.2. Catalogue of Adriatic Sea
forms. Ninni, A. P. 1883.1. - Taxonomy
and natural history, Baltic sea. Heincke,
F. 1880.1.

Crystallogobius.

Taxonomy and
natural history, Norway. Collett, R.
1877.2, 1878.3. Distribution, C. nil-
sonii. Cunningham, J. T. 1891.1; Holt,
E. W. Add. 1892.2.

Gobius. Natural history. Cambridge,
F. P. 1903.1; Canestrini, G. 1865.1,
1867.1; Costa, O. G. 1844.2; Keene, J.
H. 1879.5; Olivi, G. 1796.1; Holt, E. W.
Add. 1897.4. -Life-history and rate of
growth. Shann, E. W. 1910.1. -En-
vironment. Smitt, F. A. 1896.1.

Taxonomy. Indian Archip. species.
Bleeker, P. 1878.1. Swedish species.

Fries, B. F. 1838.2. - European forms.
Smitt, F. A. 1900.2; Fage, L. Add.

1914.1. Danish species.

P. 1874.3.

- Review. Indian Archip.
Bleeker, P. 1877.10. - Review, America.
Eigenmann, C. H. & Fordice, M. W.
1886.2.
Australia. Ogilby, J. D.
1897.2, 1898.6. Review, New South
Wales. Waite, E. R. 1904.6.

-

DIVISION DISCOCEPHALI
Classification. Regan, C. T. 1912.2.
Family Echeneididæ

"liv-

For the use of the sucking fishes as
ing fish hooks," see under Remora-fishing
in section on Fishing Methods.

For the sucking disk of Echeneids as a
transformed spinous dorsal fin, see under
Adhesive Disk.

For Echeneids as ship-holders, see under
Mythology and Symbolism.

Taxonomy and relationships. Bleeker,
P. (Sunda-Molucca Archip.) 1852.3; Costa,
O. G. 1844.1; Duméril, A. H. 1858.1;
Gill, T. N. 1865.6, 1882.5; Lütken, C.
F. 1874.1 (v), 1877.3.

Echeneis. Natural history. Günther,
A. C. 1860.6; Harting, P. 1867.1. - Al-
leged capture in Michigan. Smith, H. M.
1903.2. - Fossil form. Wettstein, A.
1886.1.

★Winther, G.

-

Natural history.

Lütken, C. F.

Liparis (Sea Snail).
Kroyer, H. N. 1861.2;
1861.1,.2, 1862.1; McIntosh, W. C.
1885.2; Nozeman, C. Pre-Linn. 1757.2.
Occurrence. -on French coast. Cligny,
A. 1912.5. in Swedish waters. Ekström,
C. 1832.1; Schagerström, N. O. 1838.2.
on Massachusetts coast. Putnam, F. W.
1874.2,.3,.10. in Finnish waters. Reuter,
O. M. 1892.1; Suomalainen, F. W. 1911.1.
in Ireland. Scharff, R. F. 1890.1. - in
Firth of Forth. Evans, W. Add. 1897.1.

-

Family Platycephalidæ
Тахопоту. Revision, Indian Archip.
Bleeker, P. 1879.5. — Japan. Jordan, D.
S. & Richardson, R. E. 1908.2. Species
in Paris Museum. Sauvage, H. E. 1878.1.

Family Hoplichthyida
Taxonomy, Japan. Jordan, D. S. &
Richardson, R. E. 1908.2.

Family Agonida

Taxonomy, review, Japan. Jordan, D.
S. & Starks, E. C. 1904.3.

Family Triglide

Taxonomy. Gill, T. N. 1888.4, 1889.5;
Kaup, J. J. 1858.1, 1873.1; Sauvage, H.
E. 1873.1. Synopsis, Maltese forms.
Gulia, Gavino. 1858.1. Japan. Jordan,
D. S. & Richardson, R. E. 1908.2.

-

Spe-

Mediterranean. Roule, L. 1907.1.
cies in Paris Museum. Sauvage, H. E.
1878.1.

Prionotus (Sea Robin). Taxonomy, re-
view. Jordan, D. S. & Hughes, E. G.
1887.1.

Trigla (Mailed Gurnard). Natural his-
tory. Bianconi, G. G. 1856.1; Embleton,
R. 1834.1; Emery, C. 1879.1 (x); Holder,
C. F. 1909.1; Shufeldt, R. W. 1898.5;
Holt, E. W. Add. 1898.5.

Family Dactylopterida
Taxonomy, synopsis. Gill, T. N. 1891.1.
Cephalacanthus (larval form). Tax-
onomy, Japanese species and related forms.
Jordan, D. S. & Richardson, R. E. 1908.2.
Dactylopterus (Flying Gurnard). Nat-
ural history (development). Canestrini, G.
1861.3.

DIVISION JUGULARES
Taxonomy. Duméril, A. M. 1855.1.

Family Trachinidæ
Taxonomy. Boulenger, G. A. 1901.15.
Natural history. ★Gill, T. N. 1907.2.
Trachinus (Weever). Natural history,
popular accounts, descriptions, etc. Emery,
C. 1879.1 (xii); McIntosh, W. C. 1886.6;
Meier, H. 1865.1; Winkler, T. C. 1857.5;
Holt, E. W. Add. 1898.4.

Taxonomy. Review. Bleeker, P. 1861.7.
For poison glands and effects of poisons,
see under Poisonous fishes.

Family Leptoscopida

Taxonomy.

-

D. S. & Fowler, H. W. 1902.4. Gulf of
Genoa. Canestrini, G. 1862.1.

Callionymus (Dragonet). Тахопоту.
Fries, B. F. (Synopsis) 1839.1; Gill, T.
N. 1860.10; Schagerström, N. O. (Swedish
species) 1830.1.

Natural history notes, descriptions, etc.
Doderlein, P. & Riggio, G. 1890.1; Ninni,
A. P. 1877.1; Brook, G. Add. 1885.1;
Holt, E. W. Add. 1898.1; Gronovius, J.
Pre-Linn. 1740.1; Tyson, E. Pre-Linn.
1706.1.

Family Gobiesocida

Taxonomy. Brisout de Barneville, C.
N. 1846.1. Review, Japan. Jordan, D.
S. & Fowler, H. W. 1902.3.

Lepadogaster (Clingfish). Natural his-
tory accounts. Brook, G. 1890.1; Byrne,
L. W. 1902.2; Drew, J. 1872.1; Guitel,
F. 1890.6.

Blennius (Blenny). Natural history
notes. Bonaparte, C. L. 1840.5; Forbes, E.
1836.1; Gervais, F. L. 1859.1; Lunel, G.
1870.1; Montagu, G. 1809.1; Mourgue,
M. 1909.1; Steenstrup, J. 1865.2; Anon.
99; Walbaum, J. J. Add. 1775.1; Gissler,
N. Pre-Linn. 1748.1.

Labrosomus. Taxonomy, review. Gill,
T. N. 1861.5.

Lumpenus.

Natural history, occur-
rence, etc. Brenner, M. M. 1874.1; Day,
F. 1884.7, 1885.9; Fulton, T. W. 1901.1;

Krøyer, H. N. 1837.2,.4,.5; Sim, G.
1887.1; Holt, E. W. Add. 1893.3.

Nemophis and allies. Taxonomy and
relationships. Putnam, F. W. 1874.8.
Stichæus. Taxonomy, synopsis. Gill,
T. N. 1865.5.

Family Batrachida

DIVISION TENIOSOMI

Taxonomy and relationships. Gill, T. N.
1890.1, Add. 1887.1; Regan, C. T. 1907.11.

Family Trachypterida

Caudal rays of Regalecus and Tra-
chypterus. Smitt, F. A. Add. 1888.1.

Regalecus (Gymnetrus) (Oarfish, or
"King of the Herrings"). Natural history
notes, miscellaneous accounts and descrip
tions. Ascanius, P. 1788.1; Brünnich.
M. T. 1788.1; Couch, J. 1863.1; Drew.
S. H. 1898.1; Jones, J. M. 1860.1..2..3:
Jourdain, S. 1872.1; L'Eost, 1904.1;
Lindroth, P. G. 1798.1; McIntosh, W. C.
1902.3; Risso, A. 1840.1.

Regalecus as the sea serpent. Collett, R.
1884.1; Highley, S. 1877.1; Holder, C. F.
1903.2; Holder, C. F. & Jordan, D. S.
1913.1; Anon. 496.

Occurrence in Mediterranean. Bar-
celó y Combis, F. (Mallorca) 1877.1;
Buckland, F. T. (Nice) 1877.1; Damiani,
G. (Elba I.) 1913.1; Nardo, G. D. (Adri-
atic Sea) 1824.1. Norway. Collett, R.
1883.2; Grieg, J. A. 1886.1, 1900.1.
Scotland. Evans, W. 1908.1; F.. A.
1880.1; McIntosh, W. C. 1896.1; Walker,
R. 1862.1. coast of England. Hancock,
A. & Embleton, D. 1846.1; Harting, J. E.
1880.1; Hogg, J. 1866.1,.2; Jacob. J.
1849.1; Southwell, T. 1880.1..2..3;
Tristram, H. B. 1866.1;
Whitfield, E. 1849.1.

W.. J. 1877.2;
in Table Bay,

S. Africa. Layard, E. L. 1868.1, Add.
1869.1.

-

Distribution in Pacific. On California
Australia.
coast. Jordan, D. S. 1902.8.
De Vis, C. W. (Queensland) 1892.1; Ram-
say, E. P. (Port Jackson) 1881.5; Waite,
E. R. (New South Wales) 1899.3; Alex-
ander, W. B. Add. 1914.1. New
Zealand. Benham, W. B. 1903.1; Clarke,
F. E. 1898.1; Forbes, H. O. 1892.1;
Haast, J. F. 1878.1; Kingsley, R. I.
1889.1; Parker, T. J. 1884.2, 1887.2,
Add. 1883.1.

Taxonomy. Mediterranean species.
Damiani, G. 1913.1. - British species.
Gray, J. E. 1850.2. -G. banksii. Lüt-
ken, C. F. 1876.1 (iv), 1877.2, 1882.1.

---

Trachypterus (Dealfish or Northern
Ribbonfish). Natural history, general
accounts, descriptions, etc. Bonaparte,
L. C. 1842.6; Costa, A. 1862.2; Duguid,
- 1851.1; Fleming, J. 1831.1; Kner, R.
1859.1; Reinhardt, J. C. 1838.2.
Earliest description. Goüan, A. 1770.1.
Occurrence at Amboina. Bleeker, P.
1868.8. in England. Bolam, G. 1891.1;
Cole, F. J. 1913.1; Anon. 152. -on coast
of Scotland. Cursiter, J. W. 1896.1; Ed-
wards, T. 1879.1; Evans, W. 1909.1;
Lemmon, J. 1905.1; Reid, J. (Firth of
Forth) 1849.1; Traquair, R. H. (Shetland)

Notes,

Stylephorus (Stylophorus).
descriptions, etc. Blainville, H. M. 1818.1;
Mitchill, S. L. 1832.1. Original descrip-
tion. Shaw, G. 1791.1.

Taxonomy and relationships based on
osteological characters. Regan, C. T.

1908.24; Starks, E. C. 1908.1.

SUB-ORDER OPISTHOMI
Family Mastacembelidæ

For a map showing the geographical
distribution of the Mastacembelida, see
Meek, A. 1916.1 (p. 314).

Taxonomy; revision, African species.
Boulenger, G. A. Add. 1909.1.

Mastacembelus. Taxonomy. - Indo-
Australian Archip. Bleeker, P. 1866.9.
-Synopsis. Boulenger, G. A. 1912.10.

SUB-ORDER PEDICULATI
Natural history. Gill, T. N. 1909.1.
Taxonomy. Annandale, N. & Jenkins,
J. T. (India) 1910.1; Gill, T. N. 1864.7,
1880.2, 1883.12; Jordan, D. S. & Sindo,
M. (Japan) 1902.2; Supino, F. 1908.3.

Family Lophiida
Taxonomy, revision. Regan, C. T.
1903.11.

Lophius (Angler, or Fishing-frog). Nat-
ural history, occurrence, etc.
★Fulton,
T. W. 1903.1; Geare, R. I. 1903.1; Gill,
T. N. 1905.4; Honeyman, D. 1886.2;
Jones, A. H. 1878.1; Kent, W. S. 1874.1;
Montin, L. 1779.1; Turner, W. 1902.1;
Anon. 377; Hanow, M. C. Add. 1768.1;
Parsons, J. Pre-Linn. 1750.1.

Taxonomy, synopsis. Gill, T. N. 1879.3.
Malthe (Batfish). Natural history notes.
Hutchinson, J. 1797.1; Lütken, C. F.
1865.1; Nicolson, Add. 1776.1; Seba,
A. Pre-Linn. 1734.1.

SUB-ORDER PLECTOGNATHI
Taxonomy. Dareste, C. 1850.2; ★Hol-
lard, H. L. 1860.1; Nardo, G. D. 1842.1,
1843.2; Regan, C. T. 1902.1. - Indian
forms. Annandale, N. & Jenkins, J. T.
1910.1. Specimens in Museum, Uni-
versity of Rome. Carruccio, A. 1912.1.
Synopsis. Gill, T. N. 1885.6.

DIVISION SCLERODERMI
Taxonomy. Fossil forms. Gill, T. N.
1888.3,.5. Review, Japan.
D. S. & Fowler, H. W. 1902.7.
account. Kaup, J. J. 1855.3.

-

Family Triacanthida

Jordan,

General

Triacanthus. Taxonomy, revision.
Regan, C. T. 1903.12.

Family Balistidæ

(Filefishes or Triggerfishes)

General treatise (bony structure, classifi-
cation, etc.). ★Hollard, H. L. 1853.1.