Barbieri, C. 1908.3;

---

Besana, G. 1908.2. On English coast. Hogg, J. 1870.1. Clupea harengus (Sea Herring). General treatises. Bock, F. S. 1769.1, Add. 1768.1; Caux, J. W. 1881.1; Heincke, F. 1898.1; Møller, J. M. 1865.1; ★Valenciennes, A. 1847.1. Complete literature, with plate of larval forms. ★Hoek, P. 1903.1. Migration and distribution. Baird, S. F. 1878.5; Broch, H. 1908.1,.2; Cligny, A. 1912.9; Duncker, G. 1899.1; Gilpin, J. 1786.1; Lindahl, J. 1878.1; Mitchell, J. M. 1861.1; Morrison, W. D. 1829.1; Noël de la Morinière, S. 1795.1; Nordgaard, O. 1905.1; Schneider, J. G. 1788.2; Sim, G. 1883.2;

plication of Heincke's method to English waters. Riddell, W. 1914.1, 1915.1.

For Clupea alba, the young of C. harengus, see Whitebait under Fisheries by subjects.

Clupea pilchardus (Pilchard). Natural history. Cépède, C. 1907.2; Cornish, T. 1870.5, 1879.1; Cunningham, J. T. 1892.4, 1893.6; Couch, J. 1865.1; Dunn, M. 1892.1; Fage, L. 1912.3, 1913.1; Fulton, T. W. 1904.1; Hoek, P. P. 1913.2; Fage, L. & Legendre, R. Add. 1914.1.

Natural history; text in English. Ewart, J. C. 1883.1, 1884.1,.2, 1888.3; Ewart, J., Gibson-Maitland, J. & others. 1884.1; Fraser, A. 1830.1, 1833.1; Gilpin, J. B. 1863.1; Heincke, F. 1899.1; Holt, E. W. L. 1889.1; Huxley, T. H. 1881.1; Knox, R. 1834.1; Kyle, H. M. 1899.1; Ljungman, A. V. 1882.2; Meyer, H. A. 1880.1; Mitchell, J. M. 1860.1, 1863.1,.2, 1864.1; Robertson, D. 1869.1; Warren, R. 1906.1; ★Williamson, H. C. 1910.2; Anon. 146, 469. Dodd, J. Pre-Linn. 1752.1.

Natural history; text in French. Cligny, A. 1904.1; Dulac, A. 1765.1; Giard, A. 1903.4, 1904.1; Noël de la Morinière, S. B. 1789.1; Sauvage, H. E. 1888.2.

Natural history; text in German. Ehrenbaum, E. 1909.2; Ekström, C. 1845.1; Lübbert, O. 1864.1; Nilsson, S. 1860.1; Simroth, H. R. 1910.1; Storch, O. 1915.1; Wilson, S. 1861.1; Anon. 276, 277, 378, 579, 615, 649; Heincke, F. Add. 1884.1.

Natural history; text in various languages. Danish. Ljungman, A. V. 1879.1,.3; Otterstrøm, A. N. 1910.1. - Latin. Anon. 750; Hartung, V. Pre-Linn. 1615.1; Mattheus, A. Pre-Linn. 1649.1. - Russian. Pavlenko, M. N. Add. 1914.1. Swedish. Ekström, C. U. 1844.2; Trybom, F. (Reproductive organs) 1901.1.

Races of herring. Broch, H. 1908.1,.2; Meek, A. 1914.1; Meek, A. & Storrow, B. 1912.1-1913.1; ★Orton, J. H. 1916.1; Scupin, E. 1910.1; Smitt, F. A. 1888.1; Stacy-Watson, C. 1894.1. Researches

into European races, with methods. Williamson, H. C. 1914.1. Species inhabiting the Oresund. Winther, G. P. 1876.3, 1878.2. - Heincke's investigations. Heincke, F. 1877.1, 1898.1, Redeke, H. C. 1901.2. Ap

1899.1;

Natural history of the Sardine, the immature form of the Pilchard. Cuvier, G. L. & Valenciennes, A. 1848.1; ★Kishinouye, K. 1907.3. On French and Mader, C. 1909.1; Marion, A. F. 1889.1-1891.2, 1894.10,.11, Add. 1889.2; Pouchet, G. 1886.1-1891.3; Pouchet, G. & Biétrix, E. 1892.1; Steuer, A. 1908.1; Henneguy, L. F. Add. 1891.1; Joubin, L. Add. 1913.1.

Papers dealing especially with the Sardine will be found chiefly under Fisheries, Sardine.

Clupea, in Caspian Sea and Sea of Azov. Sea of Azov. Grimm, O. 1901.1.

Natural history of species of Caspian Sea and Volga R. Borodin, N. A. 1896.1, 1904.1; Kuznetzov, I. D. 1904.1; Pel'tzam, E. D. Add. 1886.1. -C. caspia. Arnold, D. J. 1907.1; Kuznetzov, I. D. 1894.1; Suvorov, E. K. (taxonomy) 1907.3. - C. cultiventris and C. engrauliformis. Borodin, N. A. 1905.3, 1906.1. - C. kessleri. Dikson, B. 1905.2,.3.

Clupea. Fossil forms. in Sardinia. Bassani, F. 1900.1. in Cretaceous and Tertiary of Croatia. Kner, R. 1863.3. Eocene of Wyoming. Leidy, J. 1857.1. Oligocene, Isle of Wight. Newton, E. T. 1889.2. - Tertiary of France. Sauvage, H. E. 1881.1.

Dorosoma (Gizzard Shad). Taxonomy. Jordan, D. S. 1877.1.

- in

Diplomystus. Recent forms. freshwater of Australia. Woodward, A. S. 1892.2. Relation to Potamolosa and Hyperlophus. Ogilby, J. D. Add. 1896.1. Fossil forms. in Tertiary of Africa. Eastman, C. R. 1912.2. in Cretaceous of Brazil. Mawson, J. & Woodward, A. S. 1907.1.

Pomolobus (Alewife, or River or Branch Herring). How to distinguish the two species of river herring. Goode, G. B. 1879.16, 1880.13. Fisheries, United States. Smith, H. M. 1899.6; Crittenden, A. R. Add. 1884.1. Massachusetts. Field, G. W. 1914.1. Potomac R. Harris, G. 1884.1-1887.1. -Louisiana. Harrell, J. D. Add. 1884.1. North Carolina. Milner, J. W. Add. 1882.1; Worth, S. G. Add. 1884.1.

S.

- [Peary Exped. collected trout in outlet of Lake Hazen, still farther north.] stagnalis in Arctic circle. Bean, T. H. Add. 1886.1.

Southernmost New-world distribution; Salmo mykiss (S. Clarkii) in Chihuahua. Cope, E. D. Add. 1886.3. — S. nelsoni in Lower California. Evermann, B. W. 1908.1.

Southernmost Old-world distribution; Salmo macrostigma in Algeria. Duméril, A. H. 1858.3, 1863.1; Zill, (S. lapasseti) 1858.1. in Sardinia. Boulenger, G. A. 1900.15. in Pontine marshes, Italy. Vinciguerra, D. 1902.1.

Southernmost Asian distribution; Salmo orientalis in northern Afghanistan. M'Clelland, J. 1835.1, 1843.1. Phylogephyra in the Altai Mts. Boulenger, G. A. 1898.11.

Embryology

Because of the ease in securing them, salmonid eggs have served as the basis of most of the embryological work on fishes. The following represent a few of the more important general researches. ★Henneguy, L. F. 1888.1; ★His, W. 1874.2, 1876.1, 1878.1, 1879.2, 1880.1; Jablonovskij, J. 1898.1; Kopsch, F. 1894.1, 1898.1; Lereboullet, D. A. 1861.1; Oellacher, J. 1879.1; Ryder, J. A. 1885.6; ★Vogt, C. C. 1842.1; Ziegler, H. E. 1882.1.

Fossil forms

Rhabdofario lacustris from Pleistocene at Catherine's Creek, Idaho. Cope, E. D.

1871.12.

Thaumaturus and Prothymallus from Lower Miocene of Bohemia. Laube, G. C. 1900.1,.2.

Taxonomy

Key to genera. Bean, T. H. 1888.4. Cranial characters. Boulenger, G. A. 1895.10. Differential characters of Salmonida and Thymallida. Gill, T. N. 1895.1, Add. 1896.1. - Systematic arrangement. Regan, C. T. 1914.11.

General treatises. Encyc. article. Cunningham, J. T. 1886.3. See also acc't by G. A. Boulenger, Encyc. Brit. 1911, vol. 24, p. 82.

For a complete taxonomic account to 1866, see vol. VI of ★Günther, A. 1859.1. General treatises on American Salmonida. Garman, S. 1885.1. Note on this. Jordan, D. S. 1886.4; Suckley, G.

1860.1-1874.1. - Note on this. Baird, S. F. Add. 1874.2. See especially ★Jordan, D. S. & Evermann, B. W. 1896.2, 1902.1.

General treatises on the Salmonida of Europe. Fatio, V. (Vol. 5) 1882.1; Kavraiskii, T. T. 1896.1; ★Smitt, F. A. 1882.1, 1886.1.

British and Irish Salmonida. ★Day, F. 1887.1; Holt, E. W. & Byrne, L. W. 1913.1; Jardine, W. 1834.3, 1839.1,.2. See especially, acc't in Regan, C. T. 1911.8.

Trout, "Carpione" of the Lake of Garda (S. carpio). Betta, F. E. 1891.1; Heckel, J. J. 1852.5; B., J. Add. 1899.2.

Salmo trutta. All British trouts are now considered to belong to a single variable species, S. trutta (S. fario, syn.). For convenience in reference however the following sub-divisions are retained.

General treatises on natural history and the trout as a game fish. Granby, 1898.1; Harvie-Brown, J. A. 1898.1; Jourdeuil, E. 1872.1; ★Lamond, H. 1916.1; Malloch, P. D. 1910.1; Maxwell, H. E. 1898.1; Petit, G. 1897.1; Phillips, E. 1914.1.

Growth, biometric correlations. Jenkinson, J. W. 1912.1. "Yellow fins," as second year trout. McIntosh, W. C. 1871.1; Flowerdew, H. Add. 1883.1.

Gillaroo or gizzard trout of Irish lakes (S. stomachius). Barrington, D. 1774.1; Hunter, J. 1774.2; Thompson, W. 1849.1; Walsh, J. 1774.1; Watson, H. 1775.1. Loch Leven trout (S. levenensis), status. Day, F. 1890.3.

"Tailless trout" of Loch-na-Maorachan in Islay, Scotland (S. islayensis). Peach, C. W. 1871.1; Thomson, J. 1873.1; Traquair, R. H. 1872.1, 1882.2, 1892.5.

Sea-trout, Bull-trout,

ΟΥ Salmon-trout

(S. eriox), i. e. references to marine or estuarine forms. Growth, habits, migrations, etc. Barfurth, D. 1874.1-1886.1; Blackwall, J. 1850.1; Brotherson, A. 1882.1; Calderwood, W. L. 1904.4; Cligny, A. 1907.1, 1912.12, Add. 1907.3; Dahl, K. 1911.1; Giard, A. 1892.2; Green, R. Y. 1889.1; Hoek, P. P. 1892.2; Jardine, W. 1830.1, 1834.1; Klunzinger, C. B. 1885.1; Nordgaard, O. 1896.11897.2; Shaw, J. 1843.1; Sicard, A. 1865.1; Vacher, 1892.1; Williamson, H. C. 1896.1. Bull-trout of Tay is in reality the salmon. Calderwood, W. L. 1906.1.

SALMO SALAR
(Atlantic Salmon)

References to American forms

For popular accounts, see Jordan, D. S. & Evermann, B. W. 1902.1; Sage, D. & others. 1902.1.

Records of capture of Atlantic salmon at sea. Kendall, W. C. & Smith, H. M. 1895.1; Smith, H. M. 1895.2.

Records of reappearance in Connecticut R., due to planting. Baird, S. F. 1876.1; C., G. H. 1878.1; Chalmers, T. 1878.4; G. 1876.1; Gladwin, C. O. 1876.2; Philips, B. 1878.11.

Marking experiments at Bucksport on Penobscot R., Maine. Atkins, C. G. 1885.1.

Miscellaneous papers on habits, etc. of salmon. D., R. G. 1879.1; Gilpin, J. B. 1873.1, Add. 1879.1; Hind, H. Y. 1880.1.4; Lord, W. S. (weights) 1882.1; Thacher, J. & Smith, S. 1874.1; Henry, W. Add. 1838.1.

Salmo salar ouananiche.

Quana

References to European form

Popular articles on the salmon. Day, F. 1882.10; McIntosh, W. C. 1914.1. Chemical composition of flesh; red color due to lipochrome pigment corresponding to tetron- or zoonerythrin. Christison, R. 1872.1; Kensington, E. T. 1884.1; Newbigin, M. I. 1900.1; Prince, E. E. 1916.2.

Thames as a salmon river. Marston, R. B. 1899.1; Venables, G. 1858.1, 1874.1. Further relatively unimportant references to salmon will be found below, under Miscellaneous references.

General treatises. (Text in English.) Life-history and habits. Brown, W. 1862.1; ★Calderwood, W. L. 1907.1, 1909.2; Davy, H. 1828.1; Fitzgibbon, E. & Young, A. 1850.1; Hardy, A. E. 1898.1; Malloch, P. D. 1910.1; Maxwell, H. E. 1898.1; Traherne, J. P. 1889.1; WillisBund, J. W. 1885.1.

Growth. Young stages, etc., observations on, and controversy over status of the botcher, gillion, grilse, gravelling, parr, samlet, etc. Andrews, W. 1849.1,.2; Carr, J. 1810.1, Add. 1830.1; Cornish, T. 1868.6; Fryer, C. E. 1873.1; G., T. 1834.3; Jenkins, T. 1840.1; Wilson, J. 1840.1; Young, A. 1842.1-1854.1; Flowerdew, H. Add. 1883.1.

Parr proved to be young salmon by hatching and rearing fry to the parr stage. Shaw, J. 1836.1-1850.1. Color plates of growth during first two years. Yarrell, W.

1839.2.

Exhibit of transition from smolt to grilse. Calderwood, W. L. 1906.3,.4. Alleged arrested development, when retained in fresh water. Murie, J. 1868.1, 1870.1.

Life and growth of smolts in the open sea; feeding habits; return as grilse, etc. ★Dahl, K. 1911.1; Archer, W. E. Add. 1893.1.

Size attained by salmon. 49 lb. spm. from R. Maas, Holland. Hughes, W. R. 1875.1.-Large spms. from Severn and Wye. 80 lb. spm. Jones, W. 1873.1. 42 and 52 lb. spms. Sweetapple, E. 1867.1. -43 lb. spm. Anon. 364.

Study of scales, "scale reading" for determination of growth, migrations, etc. Dahl, K. 1910.1; Esdaile, P. C. 1912.1,

1913.1; Hoek, P. P. 1909.2; Hutton, J. A. 1913.1, Add. 1909.1; Johnston, H. W. 1907.1, 1911.1; ★Masterman, A. T. 1913.1; Menzies, W. J. 1913.1.

Metabolism during sojourn in fresh water; question of feeding, etc., text chiefly in English. [Now generally accepted that salmon do not feed while in fresh water.]

Important treatises including papers on growth of the genitalia. Archer, W. E. 1900.2; Hoek, P. P. 1891.4, 1894.2, 1894.4, 1896.2, 1899.1; ★Miescher-Ruesch, F. 1883.1, 1879.1-1896.1, Add. 1897.1; ★Paton, D. N. 1897.1-1908.1, 1898.1; Paton, D. N. & Newbigin, M. I. 1902.1.

Popular résumé of Miescher. Henderson, Y. 1902.1.

Minor papers regarding the question of feeding in fresh water. Barfurth, D. 1876.1; Blackwall, J. 1843.1, 1850.1; Braithwaite, G. F. 1863.1; Buckland, F. T. 1879.1; Corbin, G. B. 1874.1; Halliburton, W. D. 1898.1; Houghton, W. 1868.1; Keene, J. H. 1879.3; McIntosh, W. C. 1864.1; Stark, John. 1840.1.

Researches, on the anatomy and histology of the intestine with regard to the possibility of food-taking. Degeneration of lining membrane of stomach. Gulland, G. L. 1898.1,.2, 1900.1. - Denial of this. Barton, E. L. 1900.1-1904.1; Brown, A. B. 1898.1.-Low activity of digestive processes. Gillespie, A. L. 1898.1. Muscle fat, histology. Mahalanobis, S. C. 1898.1, Add. 1898.1. Examination, stomachs of 514 fish at Berwick-on-Tweed. Tosh, J. R. 1895.1.

For Protamines, discovered by Miescher in salmon sperm, see Chemical composition under Spermatozoa. See also Duration of virility under Spermatozoa.

Migrations. Miscellaneous. Benecke, B. 1886.2; Carr, J. 1809.1; Day, F. 1886.1; Nordqvist, O. F. 1906.3; WillisBund, J. W. 1902.1, 1905.1.

Relation to water temperature, etc. Calderwood, W. L. 1898.1, 1901.3, 1903.3, 1905.1. Capture at sea. Cornish, T. 1881.6. Reach headwaters of Vistula R. in Carpathians. Lindes, L. 1880.5. Influence of dissolved oxygen. Roule, L. 1914.3,.4, 1915.2.

Migrations in Baltic and North Seas. Dahl, K. 1902.1,.2, 1906.3; Fiedler, J. 1885.1; Malmgren, A. J. 1884.2.

Supposed land-locked form, S. salar in Waterford Co., Ireland. Scharff, R. F.

1896.2.

Marking experiments for determination of migrations, growth, etc. - in Tay, and Tweed, England. Calderwood, W. L. 1902.1, 1906.3, Add. 1911.1..2, 1914.2; Smith, G. 1861.1. in Ireland. ★Hillas, A. B. 1904.1. in Germany. Häpke, L. 1895.1; Virchow, R. & Hensen, 1872.1; Nierstrass, H. F., Nengermann, A. A. & Kerbert, C. Add. 1911.1.- - in Norway. Landmark, A. 1892.1. in Finland. Nordqvist, O. F. 1897.2. Salmon marked in Finland, captured in Denmark and Ger

many. Sandman, J. A. 1906.3, 1907.1, 1909.1. in Baltic Sea. Trybom, F. 1908.1, 1910.1.

Reproduction. Serual differences at breeding time and their causes. BarrettHamilton, G. E. 1900.1, 1902.1. - Range of spawning season in Scotland, ser-ratio, etc. Calderwood, W. L. 1901.1, 1904.1. Experiments at Plymouth laboratory. Crawshay, L. R. 1908.1. Salmon do not spawn at sea. Day, F. 1882.3, 1886.4. Exchange of pigments between muscle and ovary. Newbigin, M. I. 1900.1.

Infrequency of spawning as shown by scales. Calderwood, W. L. 1910.1; Menzies, W. J. 1912.1, 1914.1.

Marine existence unnecessary for reproduction. Breeding of smolts which hare never been to sea. Calderwood, W. L. 1905.2; Day, F. 1888.4. - Male kelt kept a year and found again ripe. Calderwood, W. L. 1908.1.

PACIFIC SALMONS

Of the genus Oncorhynchus

Popular accounts, magazine articles, etc., on the life-histories and habits of the Pacific salmons. Bean, T. H. 1890.1; Jordan, D. S. 1881.6, 1894.4, 1903.4; Rutter, C. M. 1902.1, 1903.1; Stone, L. 1884.1; Townsend, C. H. & Smith, H. M. 1902.1.

See also Jordan, D. S. & Gilbert, C. H. 1881.1. Reprinted in Jordan & Evermann, 1902.1.

Color plates of all species. ★Evermann, B. W. & Goldsborough, E. L. 1906.2.

Chinook names of Columbia river salmon. Smith, Silas B. 1881.1.

Death after spawning. Belief of Stone that all die, disbelief of this by others and the attendant controversy. Bean, T. H. 1891.6; Dunn, H. D. 1880.1; Major, 1879.1; Redding, B. B. 1879.2; Stone, L. 1880.1.

First conclusively shown that all die after spawning. Evermann, B. W. 1897.5.

Death invariably follows spawning, (in reared, uninjured salmon at the Trocadero aquarium in Paris) — thus, a deepseated, specific phenomenon. Juillerat, E. 1905.1.

Growth and reproduction. Natural history, etc. In Alaska. Bean, T. H. 1885.5, 1894.4.-Figures, fry of all species. Chamberlain, F. M. 1907.1.Age at maturity. Gilbert, C. H. 1912.1.

Investigations, on life histories in headwaters of the Columbia R. Evermann, B. W. 1896.3, 1897.5; Evermann & Meek, S. E. 1898.1; Evermann & Scovell, J. T. 1895.2; Gilbert, C. H. & Evermann. 1895.1.

Marine existence unnecessary · breeding of chinooks for several generations in fresh-water at the Trocadero. Jousset de B., G. 1897.2; Raveret-W., C. & Bartet, 1873.1.

Scale markings studied for determination of the life-cycle. Gilbert, C. H. 1912.1. 1914.1; McMurrich, J. P. 1911.1, 1913.2, 1914.2; Milne, J. A. 1913.1.

Blue-back, red, or sockeye salmon, O. nerka. Kennerley's salmon as a small variety. Bean, T. H. 1891.9; Bendire, C. E. 1878.1-1882.1. — Note. Brew, C. 1861.1. Popular acc'ts. Evermann, B. W. 1902.16; Green, A. 1891.1,.2. Natural history. Gilbert, C. H. 1912.2, 1914.1.

Chinook or Quinnat salmon, O. tschawytscha. Investigations of natural history in the Sacramento R. ★Rutter, C. M. 1904.1.

Habits, size, non-feeding in fresh-water, etc. Cobb, J. N. 1910.1; Goudy, J. (82 lb. spm.) 1878.1; Stone, L. 1874.2, 1884.6, 1895.1. Intestine, anatomy. Greene, C. W. 1912.3. Musculature. Greene, C. W. 1913.1; Greene, C. W. & Greene, C. H. Add. 1914.1.

General treatises on the American charrs. Garman, S. 1885.1; Jordan & Evermann, 1896.2; Kendall, W. C. 1905.2, 1914.2. Salvelinus bairdii (S. malma). Dolly Varden trout of the Pacific slope.· - Color plate. Evermann, B. W. & Goldsborough, E. L. 1906.2. - In British Columbia. Lord, J. K. 1867.3.

S. marstoni. Lac de Marbre trout of the Prov. of Quebec. Garman, S. 1893.1; Titcomb, J. W. 1901.1; Halkett, A. Add. 1914.1.

S. (Cristivomer) namaycush. Great Lake trout. Color plates. Jordan, D. S. & Evermann, B. W. 1911.1; Kendall, W. C. 1914.2. Popular accounts, etc. Adams, A. L. 1874.1; Jordan, D. S. 1889.6; Tomlin, W. D. 1896.1.

S. oquassa. Blueback_trout of Rangeley lakes, Maine. Baird, S. F. 1874.4; Bullen, A. 1879.1; Kendall, W. C. 1905.2, 1914.2; Kingsbury, C. A. 1874.1; Page, G. S. 1874.2.

S. aureolus. Golden trout of Sunapee Lake (N. H.), and Flood Pond, Maine. Original description. Bean, T. H. 1887.6. Color plates. Kendall, W. C. 1913.1, correctly in Rept. U. S. Bur. Fish., 1912 (1914).

Popular acc'ts, controversy over question whether native or introduced, etc. Bean, T. H. 1886.2, 1889.26, 1890.14 (also pp. 429, 435), 1891.20; Quackenbos, J. D.

1893.1, 1896.1; Thompson, W. T. 1904.1; Jordan, D. S. Add. 1891.1.

a

Needham, J. G. Raveret-Wattel,

S. fontinalis. Brook trout. As game fish; habits, variations, etc. Bigelow, S. L. 1848.1; Bradford, C. B. 1900.1; Forsyth, J. B. 1847.1; Day, F. 1882.9; Jordan, D. S. 1884.1; (Food) 1903.1, 1908.1; C. 1878.2; Rhead, L. (Gen. treat.) 1902.1; Whish, J. D. 1906.1; Ellis, W. H. Add. 1883.1. Albinos. Bean, T. H. 1911.1; Pettis, C. R. 1903.1.- Behavior of fry. White, G. M. 1915.1.

European forms

British charrs. For the best account of the British and Irish species, see ★Regan, C. T. 1911.8. See also Regan, C. T. 1908.16, 1909.1,.3,.10, 1910.4.

Natural history, taxonomy, etc. Biedie, G. 1896.1; Brown, Alfred W. 1896.1; Davy, J. 1852.1; ★Günther, A. 1862.1, 1865.1,.5; Knox, R. (Anatomy) 1845.1; O., 1832.1; Thompson, W. 1841.1; Farrington, Pre-Linn. 1756.1. S. alpinus in Hebrides Is. Günther, A. 1882.1. S. killinensis in Inverness-shire. Traquair, R. H. 1898.3.

Charrs of Continental Europe. - Taronomy. Heckel, J. J. 1851.1,.4; Hilgendorf, F. M. 1891.3; Smitt, F. A. 1886.1.

S. alpinus in Norway and Sweden. Ekman, S. 1912.1; Grieg, J. A. 1908.2; Lönnberg, A. J. 1895.6; Stejneger, L. 1909.1.

S. (Hucho) hucho of the Danube R. Miscellaneous (Text in German). Haempel, O. 1910.1; Robida, I. 1902.1; Rüdinger, N. 1870.1; Salomon, K. 1908.1; Schrank, F. P. & Wartmann, B. 1780.1; T., M. 1866.1; Anon. 15, 589; Koelreuter, J. G. Add. 1784.1.

Var. pro

S. salvelinus, Saibling. fundus. Fuhrmann, 0. 1903.3,.5. Identification of the Linnaan, Salmo salvelinus. Heckel, J. J. 1851.1. Misc. Schrank, F. P. & Wartmann, B. 1780.1, 1781.1; Wanger, C. 1896.1; Wispauer, J. 1880.1.

S. umbla. Ombre-chevalier or Röthel of Bodensee. Systematic acc't. Rapp, W. L. 1854.1.. Misc. papers on natural history, distribution, etc. Bruyant, C. 1893.1, 1910.2; Delachaux, T. 1896.1; Hartmann, G. L. 1806.1; Perrier, L. 1899.1; Raveret-Wattel, C. 1896.1; Wanger, C. 1896.1; Wartmann, B. 1783.1; Lunel, G. Add. 1888.1.

MISCELLANEOUS PAPERS

On Salmon and Trout

Papers on breeding habits, natural history, reproduction, etc., chiefly relating to the salmon in Europe.

Text in Danish or Norwegian. ★Dahl, K. 1902.1,.2, 1906.3, 1910.1; Feddersen, A. F. 1898.2, 1900.1; Grieg, J. A. 1896.2; Hansen, A. M. 1873.1; Hetting, M. G. 1874.1; Huitsfeldt-Kaas, H. 1903.1, 1904.1, 1905.1; Johansen, A. C. 1913.1; Nordgaard, O. 1896.1, 1897.2;