1901.1, p. 605, not on

Imbert, A. 1909.1, p. 619, properly cited under Borcéa, J. 1909.3, p. 152. Inge, M. 1899.1, p. 619, correctly cited as Juge, M. 1899.1, p. 664. Jaekel, O. M. 1898.3, p. 626, correctly cited as Jaekel, O. M. 1898.1, p. 625.

Jardine, (Sir) W., p. 630, "Fishes of Guiana," correctly credited to Schomburgk, R. H. 1841.1, p. 417. Johnstone, J. 1905.1, p. 639, inIcluded in 1904.1; 1912.1, p. 640, included in 1909.2. Jordan, D. S. 1878.12, p. 644, same as 1877.1 (iiiB), p. 644; 1909.1, p. 650, correctly cited as Jordan, D. S. & Evermann, B. W. 1909.1, p. 652. Kaup, J. J. 1834.1, p. 672, correctly entered under S. -, Add. 1834.1, p. 166.

Keferstein, W. M. & Kupffer, C. 1857.1 and 1858.1, p. 674, correctly cited under Kupffer, C. & Keferstein, W. 1857.1, and 1858.1, p. 716.

Kendall, W. C. & Radcliffe, L. 1912.1, p. 677, should read vol. 35, not

25.

Klein, E. E., pp. 687 and 688, all citations, save 1872.1 and 1876.1, should be credited to Klein, A. von; 1884.1 is already so credited.

Kölliker, R. A. 1859.1 and 1859.2, p. 700, correctly cited under Kölliker, R. A. 1857.3, p. 699.

Kreyenberg, M., p. 710, 1911.3, same as 1911.1; 1910.1, correctly cited as Kreyenberg, M. & Pappenheim, P. 1908.1.

Krukenberg, C. F. 1887.1, p. 712, contains no fishes.

La Blanchère, P. R. 1878.1, p. 2, correctly cited as La Blanchère, P. R. 1876.2, p. 2.

La Chapelle, de, 1820.1, p. 3, correctly cited as Chapelle, de la, Pre-Linn. 1733.1.

fishes.

Leydig, F. 1909.1, p. 42, should read 1902.1.

Link, H. F. 1790.1, p. 46, correctly cited as Linck, H. F. Add. 1789.1.

Loewe, Fr. 1896.1, p. 59, year of publication should be 1904 and reference number 1904.1.

Lowe, R. T. 1840.3, p. 64, included in 1840.1; - 1854.1, p. 65, correctly cited under Brandt, J. F. & Lowe, R. T. 1854.1, p. 176, vol. I.

Lütken, C. F. 1871.1, p. 68, included in 1869.1;-1875.2, p. 69, correctly cited as 1880.5, p. 70.

Lyngbye, H. C. 1826.1, p. 75, not on fishes.

MacCallum, G. A. 1913.1, p. 77, correctly cited as MacCallum, G. A. & MacCallum, W. G. Add. 1913.1.

M'Clelland, J. 1842.2, p. 78, included in M'Clelland, J. 1842.3.

MacCulloch, J. 1824.2, p. 80, same as MacCulloch, J. 1823.1. McGovern, H. D., p. 83, 1879.1, not on fishes.

Macks, J. A., p. 89, should be written Op de Macks, J. A.

Maitland, J. R. Gibson, vol. II, p. 94, better cited as Gibson-Maitland, J. R. vol. I, p. 457.

Mangoldt, E., p. 98, should be written Mangold, E.

Marsh, M. C. & Gorham, F. P. 1906.1, p. 105, should be Marsh, M. C. (Sole author).

Mayer, A. F. 1862.2, p. 119, correctly cited as Mayer, A. F. 1862.1. Meyer, 1872.1, p. 132, correctly cited as Meyer, R. 1872.1, p. 135. Möbius, K. A. 1871.2, p. 146, not on fishes.

Modoerin, A. 1885.1, p. 146, better cited under Madörin, A. 1885.1, p. 91.

Mondini, C. 1783.1, p. 150, correctly cited as Mundini, C. Add. 1783.1.

Montgomery-Vignal, M. W., p. 151, is more correctly written Vigħal, W. V. M (ontgomery), p. 584.

Morton, Allport. 1878.1, p. 158, correctly cited as Allport, M. 1878.1, vol. I, p. 23; - 1893.1-1897.1, p. 158, should read Morton, Alexander.

Moulder, E. 1861.1, p. 160, correctly cited as Mulder, E. 1861.1, p. 167.

Müller, J. 1835.1, p. 163, correctly cited as Eschricht, D. F. & Müller, J. 1835.2, vol. I, p. 375.

as

Müller, J. & Eschricht, D. F. 1835.1, p. 165, correctly cited Eschricht, D. F. & Müller, J. 1835.1, vol. I, p. 375. Müller, W. rectly cited under p. 162. Nardo, G. D. under second changed to 1853. 1853.1.

1897.1, p. 166, corMüller, F. W. 1897.1,

1844.3, p. 173, date reference should be See Nardo, G. D. Newbold, T. J. 1849.1, p. 181, correctly cited as Newman, Edward. Add.

Ogilby, J. D. 1885.5, p. 207, same as Ogilby, J. D. 1885.6.

Oshima, K. 1911.1, p. 217, correctly cited as Ohshima, K. 1911.1, p. 209.

Otto, H. 1908.1, p. 219, not on fishes.

Paton, D. N. & others. 1898.1, p. 236, correctly cited as Paton,'D. N. 1898.1, p. 236.

Pellegrin, J. 1904.2, p. 244, year of publication in citation should read 1903; 1907.9, p. 245, and 1909.8, p. 246, correctly cited as 1908.6, p. 246; 1910.1, p. 247, should read 1909; 1911.5, p. 247, included in 1912.5, p. 248.

Peltzam, E. D. p. 249, should be written Pel'tzam, E. D.

Perengia, A. 1879.1, p. 250, correctly cited as Perugia, A. 1880.1, p. 253.

Petersen, C. G. J. 1902.1, p. 257, included in Petersen, C. G. J. 1902.4. Peyrl, Theodor. 1910.1, p. 260, probably same author as Peyerl, Theodor. 1916.1, p. 260.

Pietschmann, V. 1907.1, p. 267, should have the following part of the title deleted, "Zwei stark variante Exemplare von Antennarius, etc."

This is properly recorded under Pietschmann, V. 1909.2, p. 268; 1908.2, p. 267, should be deleted. Same as 1907.1.

Platner, G. 1888.1, p. 271, contains no fishes.

Preyer, C. 1876.1, p. 285, correctly cited as Peyrer, C. 1876.1, p. 260. Priem, F. 1907.4, p. 287, same as Priem, F. 1907.2, p. 286.

Priesbergen, F. 1886.1, p. 287, correctly cited as Piesbergen, F. 1886.1, p. 267. Putnam, F. W., p. 292, 1865.3, correctly cited under 1865.5; 1865.6, correctly cited under 1866.1; - 1865.7, correctly cited under 1865.1; - 1866.6, correctly cited under Add. 1865.1; 1870.6, correctly cited under 1870.3. Pylaie, de la, 1834.1, p. 294 better cited as De la Pylaie, - 1835.1, p. 315, vol. I.

Regan, C. T. as Regan, C. T. Reguart, A. S. 1791.1, p. 326, better cited as Sañez Reguart, A. 1791.1, p. 385.

1909.12, p. 322, same 1909.9, p. 322.

Riviére, E. 1887.1, p. 351, correct year of publication is 1886.

Robin, A. 1883.1, p. 352, correctly cited as Robin, C. P. 1883.1, p. 352.

Rockwell, A. P. 1876.1, p. 354, correctly cited as Rockwood, A. P. 1876.1, p. 354.

Röse, C. 1889.1, p. 355, year of publication should be 1890; - 1890.1, p. 355, same as Röse, C. 1889.1.

Rose, V. 1805.1, p. 361, not on fishes. Roselli, G. 1823.1, p. 361, not on fishes.

Ryder, J. A., p. 373, 1886.4, correctly cited as 1886.8; 1886.5, same as 1885.6.

St. Sihleanu, S. 1876.1, p. 380, better cited as Sihleanu, S. 1876.1, p. 449. Sanctis, Leone de, 1881.1, p. 382, not on fishes.

Sanderson, J. S. B. contains no fishes.

1881.1, p. 383,

Sandman, J. A. 1906.2, p. 385, same as Sandman, J. A. 1906.6.

Sauvage, H. E. 1888.7, p. 393, correctly cited as Sauvage, H. E. 1880.8, p. 392.

Sawadsky, A. M., p. 395, same author as Zavadskil, A. M., p. 668.

Schmidt, E. J., p. 406, 1906.4, inIcluded in 1905.1; 1908.1, included in 1907.1, and 1907.2.

Schneider, G. 1900.5, p. 410; 1903.8, 1904.15, p. 411; -1906.4, 1907.2, p. 412, contain no fishes;

Schultze, M. J. S. 1864.1, p. 424, not on fishes.

Sebatier, A., p. 433, correctly cited as Sabatier, C. P. 1896.2, p. 376.

Seidlitz, G. 1877.1, p. 434, correctly cited as Seidlitz, G. 1882.1, p. 435.

Selaputin, G., p. 435, better cited as Schelaputin, Gr., p. 399.

Seelig, F. W. 1897.1, p. 434, in place of vol. 61, substitute vol. 42.

Sellig, F. W. 1897.1, p. 436, correctly cited as Seelig, F. W. 1897.2, p. 434.

Semon, R. W. & Spengel, J. W. 1897.1, p. 438, should be Semon, R. W. (Sole author).

Sichleanu, S. 1876.1, p. 447, correctly cited as Joliet, L. Add. 1876.1. The original citation is Sihleanu, S.

1876.1.

Siebold, C. T. 1847.1, p. 448, same as Siebold, C. T. 1863.2, p. 448. Sjöberg, H. R. A. 1900.2, p. 452, not on fishes.

Solotnizky, N. F. p. 468, is no doubt same as Zolotniski, N. F., p. 673. All entries should be referred to the latter author. Steenstrup, J. J. S. 1842.1, p. 482, not on fishes.

Steindachner, A. 1882.1, p. 484, is a fictitious author.

Steindachner, F. 1910.4, p. 492, same as Steindachner, F. 1910.1, p. 492. Steindachner, F. & Kner, R. 1860.1, p. 493, for correct citation see Steindachner, F. 1861.1, p. 485; 1862.1, p. 493, see Steindachner, F. 1862.2, p. 485; — 1863.1, p. 493, see Steindachner, F. 1863.2, p. 485; 1863.2, p. 493, see Steindachner, F. 1863.3, p. 485; 1863.3, p. 493, see Steindachner, F. 1863.11, p. 486. Storer, D. H. 1844.2, p. 507, same as Storer, D. H. 1844.9.

Storer, H. R. 1851.1, p. 508, correctly cited as Storer, D. H. 1851.2, p. 508. Stromer, E. 1903.1, p. 511, not on fishes.

Studnička, F. J. 1901.1, p. 513, correctly cited as Studnička, F. K. 1901.3, p. 514.

Studnička, F. K. 1894.5, p. 513, same as Studnička, F. K. 1894.3.

Susari, Romeo. 1887.1, p. 522, correctly cited as Fusari, Romeo. 1887.3, vol. I, p. 432.

Sweet, G. 1906.1, p. 524, not on fishes. Teodoro, F. 1871.1, p. 532, correctly cited as Todaro, F. 1870.1, p. 546.

Thilo, O., p. 535, 1896.1, included in 1896.2; 1900.2, same as 1900.1; 1901.2, included in 1899.2.

Thompson, Wm.

Thompson, P. 1877.1, p. 539, correctly cited under Thomson, P. 1877.1, p. 542. 1838.5, p. 539, same as 1838.3; 1856.1, p. 540, same as 1849.1. - 1910.1, p. 541, correctly cited as Thompson, D. W. 1910.1, p. 538.

Thomson,

Thoron, O. de, p. 542, better cited as Onffroy de Thoron, E. V., p. 211. Thunberg, C. P. 1793.1, p. 544, included in Thunberg, C. P. 1792.1, p. 543.

Trachenberg, E. W. 1896.1, p. 550, correctly cited under Walter, E. 1896.1, p. 601. (Evidently of Trachenberg, Germany.) Traquair, R. H. 1888.1, p. 553, included in 1888.3; - 1893.3, p. 554, same as 1895.1; 1898.4, p. 555, same as 1897.5.

Wartmann, B. 1783.3, p. 606, same as Wartmann, B. 1783.1, p. 605.

Watase, S. 1894.1, p. 606, same as Watase, S. 1887.1, p. 606.

---

Weber, E. H., p. 608, 1827.2, correctly cited under 1827.1; - 1827.4, correctly cited under 1827.8; -1827.5, correctly cited under 1827.9; 1827.6, correctly cited under 1827.3. Wegerland, N., p. 612, 1878.1, correctly cited under Wergeland, N. 1880.1, p. 617; -1880.1, correctly cited under Wergeland, N. 1880.2.

Weigelt, A. 1900.1, p. 612, correctly cited under Weigelt, C. 1900.1, p. 612.

Wellburn, E. D. 1899.1, p. 614, same as Wellburn, E. D. 1900.3. Weygandt, C. 1909.1, p. 619, not on fishes.

Wilder, B. G. 1877.2, p. 629, correctly cited as Wilder, B. G. 1878.1. Williamson, H. C. 1850.1, p. 632, correctly cited as Williamson, W. C. 1851.1, p. 634.

1894.1, p. 634, not

Williston, S. W. on fishes. Wolterstorff, W. G. not on fishes.

Woodward, A. S.

1905.1, p. 395,

1888.3, p. 646,

same as 1888.9; - 1888.15, p. 646,

same as 1888.14; same as 1889.7;

1889.3, p. 647, 1891.6, p. 648, 1907.4, p. 652,

No. 158, p. 683. See Owen, R. 1854.1, p. 222, vol. II. No. 159, p. 683. See O., 1832.1, p. 206, vol. II.

No. 163, p. 683. See Duhamel du Monceau, H. 1796.1, p. 338, vol. I. No. 202, p. 684. See Bocage, J. V. 1878.1, p. 141, vol. I.

No. 267, p. 686. See Evermann, B. W. 1904.3, p. 380, vol. I.

No. 292, p. 688. See Reste, B. de 1801.1, p. 336, vol. II.

No. 306, p. 688. See RaveretWattel, C. 1874.1, p. 311, vol. II.

No. 307, p. 688. See Silk, M. 1880.1, p. 449, vol. II.

No. 344, p. 690. See Hoek, P. P. 1903.1, p. 587, vol. I.

No. 403, p. 693. See Davis, J. W. 1887.1, p. 300, vol. I.

No. 405, p. 693. See Yarrow, H. C. 1874.2, p. 661, vol. II.

No. 418, p. 693. See Baird, S. F. 1873.30, p. 55, vol. I.

No. 433, p. 694. See Bumpus, H. C. 1898.5, p. 201, vol. I.

No. 569, p. 699. See Zur Mühlen, M. von. 1911.18, p. 676, vol. II.

No. 596, p. 700. See Volpi, - 1796.1, p. 590, vol. II.

No. 607, p. 700. See Yarrow, H. C. 1876.1, p. 661, vol. II.

685.

No. 608, p. 700. See Anon. 213, p.
Addendum. Delete the following

authors in this section.

Alexandrov, K. Add. 1909.1, p. 6, correctly cited under Aleksandrov, K. P. 1909.1, vol. I, p. 18.

Bellesme, J. de, Add. 1899.1, p. 17, correctly cited as Jousset de Bellesme, G. L. 1899.1, vol. I, p. 633.

Boursse Wils, H. Add. 1844.1, p. 24, correctly cited as Wils, H. B(oursse), 1844.1, vol. I, p. 635.

Carlson, U. Add. 1894.1, correctly cited as Carlsson, A. 1894.1, p. 217, vol. I.

Gilson, G. Add. 1908.1, p. 75, better cited under Gilson, G. 1908.1, vol. I, p. 474.

the peritoneal canals - communicating with the body-cavity."

They occur in numerous genera in the Cyclostomes, Elasmobranchs, Dipnoi, and Teleostomes, except in the Teleostei, where only two families possess them. They are subject to considerable variation in position and are often absent in individuals of species in which they normally occur. In other individuals they may be open on one side and closed on the other. In some species they open into the cloaca and in others, directly to the exterior. These minute openings are often difficult to demonstrate but, when present, they may generally be disclosed by injecting the body-cavity with

mercury.

The abdominal pores are considered to be "excretory ducts" by Bles (E. J. 1898.2, p. 243) who has made the interesting observation that in those sharks in which open peritoneal funnels persist and function throughout life, the abdominal pores are generally absent. (For a further discussion of this subject, see below Urogenital system of Elasmobranchii" under "Urogenital system.")

Gegenbaur (C. 1870.1) believed that, in the primitive vertebrates, the abdominal pores were probably the sole efferent channels for the sexual products. In contrast with this view, Bles (E. J. 1898.1, p. 505) believes that the abdominal pores never serve under normal

circumstances as genital ducts," this function being performed by the true gonoducts or where these have degenerated, as will be made clear later, by the "genital pores."

In the Teleostei, true abdominal pores occur only in certain genera (Argentina, Coregonus, and Salmo) of the Salmonidæ (used in the older sense), and, as was first pointed out by Hyrtl (C. J. 1856.1, Add. 1849.1), in various species of Mormyrus and in Gymnarchus niloticus of the Mormyridæ. The abdominal pores exist in both sexes.

The most illuminative and complete papers (in English), on the abdominal and genital pores, are those of ★Bles, E. J. 1898.1, 1898.2.

The most recent summary in German is that of Lickteig, A. 1913.1.

The subject of abdominal and genital pores in the Teleostei, is best treated by ★Weber, M. C. 1886.1.

The confusion, among the older writers, of abdominal and genital pores, especially of Balfour (F. M. 1876.2, p. 35), which was repeated by his pupil, Bridge (T. W. 1879.1), was first cleared by the remark of Huxley (T. H. 1883.2, p. 137) that the so-called abdominal pore of salmonoids has nothing to do with the abdominal pores of... [Ganoids and] Selachians." This view was accepted by Gegenbaur (C. 1885.1). The confusion was finally cleared by the careful elucidation of ★Weber (M. C. 1886.1).

46

The genital pores

When the generative ducts (oviducts) disappear, their external openings persist as the genital pores. Through these openings the sexual products are extruded. Except possibly in the Cyclostomata, true "genital pores exist, as far as known, only in two families of Teleosts, namely the Salmonidae and the Anguillidæ. As long ago pointed out by Rathke (M. H. 1820.2), the oviduct in the eel has entirely disappeared. Various stages in the degeneration of the oviducts are found in the Galaxiidæ, Hyodontidæ, Notopterida. Osteoglossidæ, and in Misgurnus, as has been shown by Hyrtl (C. J. 1850.1, 1851.2) and by MacLeod (J. 1881.3). In the Salmonidæ, the oviduct has practically disappeared.

Abdominal pores and genital pores co-exist in but one family of Teleosts, namely in the female Salmonoid.

In the Mormyridæ, the only other family of Teleosts possessing abdominal pores, the oviducts have not degenerated so that genital pores are not present.

Pores of the Cyclostomata

In this group, the genital products (eggs and sperms) are discharged through a median pore or a pair of pores.

The exact morphological nature of these pores, i. e., whether abdominal or genital pores, remains in obscurity. Bles (E. J. 1898.2, p. 238) says that there is great probability that the so-called abdominal pores of Cyclostomes are genital ducts, morphologically as well as functionally." Lickteig (p. 282), however, considers them to be true abdominal pores, and believes that it is only in this group that the abdominal pores serve as channels for the sexual products. From à priori considerations, this view is probably correct.

of fishes, sec in the Systematic Section.