Life history of eel. Another ed., Naples, 1687; and in "Opere," 1741, vol. I, no. 4. A Latin version is:

De animalculis vivis quæ in corporibus animalium viventium reperiuntur, observationes. Amsterdam, 1708. figs. 12°. Pre-Linn. 1708.1

These papers also found in "Opere"; Venice, 1687, 1712-30, 1742; Naples, 1740-41 (best ed. 7 vols. ills. 4°.)

Reisch, Gregory (compiler) [c. 14671503] For a biographical sketch, see Hartfelder in Zeitschr. Gesch. Oberrheins, Freiburg, 1880, n. F. 5, 170-200. For bibliographical data about the various editions of Reisch's work, see Sabin.

Margarita philosophica. Heidelbergiæ, 1496. 4°.

Pre-Linn. 1496.1

Some fishes are described. This is a little library or "Circle of the Sciences" according to the theological ideas of the 15th century, in XII books, compiled by Gregory Reisch, prior of the Carthusian monastery near Fribourg.

First published in 1496, other eds. followed in quick succession: Fribourg, 1503 & 1504; Strasburg, 1504, 1508, 1512, & 1515; Basel, 1508, 1517, 1535 & 1583; & Venice, 1599. This last is the first and only version in a foreign tongue.

Copies, 1st ed., H., Col., A. G. S., N. Y. P. This last library has five other editions also.

Reiske, Johannes [1641-1701] De glossopetris Luneburgensibus ad virum nobilissimum & epertissimum Joh. Georgium Hieronymum epistolica con

Renard, Louis. Poissons, écrevisses et crabes que l'on trouve autour des isles Moluques, et sur les côtes des terres Australes Ouvrage qui contient un très grand nombre de poissons . . . de la mer des Indes: divisé en deux tomes, dont le premier a été copié sur les originaux de M. B. Coyett... Le second tome a été

formé sur les recueils de M. A. Vander Stell avec une courte description de chaque poisson . Donné au public par L. Renard, &c. 2 vols. (in 11 Amsterdam, 1718-19. xviii, 100 col. pls. fol. Pre-Linn. 1718.1 The half-title reads: "Histoire naturelle des plus rares curiositez de la Mer des Indes."

Contains crudely drawn and barbarously colored figures of 459 East Indian fishes. A few short and defective descriptions are found.

Another ed., or better reissue, Amsterdam, 1754. fol.

For a discussion of the authorship of this work, see Cuvier & Valenciennes, vol. I, p. 86– 87. Also Ebert. Bibliog. Lexicon, 1821, vol. I, 789.

See also in this section: Coyett, B.; Fallours, S.; Van der Stell, A.; and Vlaming, C. de.

Rhanæus, Samuel. Von einigen merkwürdigen Fischen in Curland. Act. Breslav. Natur & Kunstgesch., 1725, Tentam 31, 175.

Pre-Linn. 1725.1

Richardson, R.

Several observations in natural history, made at North-Bierley in Yorkshire, Communicated in a letter to Dr. Hans Sloane, R. S. Secr. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. 1714, 28, 167171. Pre-Linn. 1714.1

Observations on tench living for several days out of water; and on small size of trout and charr in mountain streams and lakes of Wales.

38,

Part of a letter to Sir Hans Sloane concerning the Squilla aquæ dulcis. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., 1734, 331-332. Pre-Linn. 1734.1 Destruction of fish fry by an insect larva. Richer, Jean [ -1696] Observations astronomiques et physiques faites en l'isle de Caienne. Mém. Acad. Sci. Paris, 1666-1699 (1729), 7, 233–326. Pre-Linn. 1729.1

Remarks on Gymnotus, p. 325.

Richter, Ge. Gottlieb. Progr. de piscium salutari cibo. Göttingen, 1752. 3 pl. 4°. Pre-Linn. 1752.1 Abstract in his Opusc. Medicin., vol. III, p. 216.

Richter, Johann Gottfried Ohnefalsch. Ichthyotheologie, oder: Vernunft- und schriftmässiger Versuch die Menschen aus Betrachtung der Fische zur Bewunderung, Ehrfurcht und Liebe ihres grossen, liebreichen und allein weisen Schöpfers zu führen. Leipzig, 1754. xxxii, 912, xxxii p. pls. 8°.

Pre-Linn. 1754.1

25 freshwater fishes referred to in the Bible are described and common European names set for them.

A Dutch version is entitled:

Vischkundige onderwijser, in eene beschrijving der visschen, etc. Dordrecht, 1780. 319 p. 4°.

Riemer, J. de. Beschrijving van 's Gravenhage. Delft, 1730. 3 parts. pls. fol. Pre-Linn. 1730.1

Contains data about the fisheries and fishing industry at Scheveningen, pt. 1, p. 50-59.

Rittershusius, Conrad [1560–1631] Catalogus doctorum virorum, qui præter Oppianum de venatione et piscatione, aut rebus ad eam pertinentibus scripserunt. (In his Prolegomena in Oppianum. Lugduni Batavorum, 1597, leaves 74 & 75).

Pre-Linn. 1597.1

Miscellaneous observations made about Rome, Naples, and some other countries in the year 1683 & 1684. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., 1715 (1717), 29, 473483. Pre-Linn. 1717.1 Treats of fishes among other things.

Rochefort, César de [1630-1691] Histoire naturelle et morale des îles Antilles de l'Amérique. Enrichie de plusieurs belles figures des raretez les plus considérables qui y sont décrites. Avec un vocabulaire Caraibe. Roterdam, 1658. 527 p. 43 pls. 4°.

Pre-Linn. 1658.1

Editio princeps of a valuable work; not seen The dedication is signed "L. D. P." (i. e. Louis de Poincy); the book, however, was compiled by de Rochefort, whose name appears in the subsequent eds. Du Tertre avers that the bulk of the work was taken, errors included, from his own book, which appeared in 1654. Boehmer says there was an ed. at Rotterdam, 1639, but this seems to be an error. Often reprinted and translated, some titles of which follow.

The "Vocabulaire Caräibe is by Père Raimond Breton (q. v. 1665.1 this section).

Natuurlyke en zedelyke historie van d'eylanden der Voor-Eylanden en America, etc. Rotterdam, 1662.

Pre-Linn. 1662.1

Histoire naturelle et morale des fles Antilles de l'Amérique. Enrichie d'un grand nombre de belles figures en taille douce, des places et des raretez les plus considérables, qui y sont décrites. Avec un vocabulaire Caräibe, Rotterdam, 1665. xviii, 583 p. pls. ills. Pre-Linn. 1665.1

Fishes, p. 183-200.

The 2nd French ed., & probably the best. Others are: Rotterdam, 1681; Rouen, 1665; Paris, 1666; Lyons, 1667; Amsterdam, 1716. Dutch versions are: Rotterdam, 1658 & Frankfort, 1668.

The history of the CaribbyIslands, viz. Barbados, St. Christopher, St. Vincent's, Martinico, Dominico, Barbouthos, Monserrat, Nevis, Antego, etc., in all xxvIII. In two books. The first containing the natural; the second, the moral history of those islands. With a Caribbian vocabulary. Rendered into English by John Davies of Kidwelly. London, 1666. sm. fol. Pre-Linn. 1666.1

Fishes, p. 97-106. Copy N. Y. P. The rare first English version of the anonymous French edition of 1658, often catalogued under the name of the translator.

Fishes, p. 36-37. Copy, N. Y. P. Inserted here to avoid breaking continuity of the above.

Ræde, Christ. (præses) Dissertatio de pisce, qui Jonam deglutivit, cujusnam speciei fuerit? Hafniæ, 1740. 4°. Pre-Linn. 1740.1

Frid. Colbiörnsen, respond. Ronaudot, Eus., & Le Tellier, Pet. See Le Tellier & Ronaudot.

Rondelet, Gulielmus [1507-1566] For sketches of the life of this author, see memoir by R. Hamilton, in Jardine's Naturalist's Library, 1845-46, vol. XXXVIII. Also Planchon, J. E. "Rondelet et ses disciples," etc. Montpellier, 1866. 72 p. 2 pls. Also Kingsley, G. Sketch of the life of Rondeletius," in "Good Words." Sept. 1868.

66

Libri de piscibus marinis, in quibus veræ piscium effigies expressæ

sunt. Quæ in tota piscium historia contineantur, indicat elenchus pagina nona et decima. Postremo accesserunt indices necessarij. Lugduni [Lyonsı, 1554. 14, 583, 23 p. ills. portrait. fol. Pre-Linn. 1554.1

The first four books have to do with the external and internal anatomy, the faculties and habits of fishes and the modes of capturing them. In the remaining books are described the fishes known to Rondelet. Although the title says "marine fishes," 47 freshwater fishes are described as against 197 marine.

Universæ aquatilium historia pars altera, cum veris ipsorum imaginibus. His accesserunt indices necessarii Lugduni, 1555. 10, 242, 9 p. ills. portrait. fol. Pre-Linn. 1555.1

This work is ordinarily considered as vol. II of the "Libri de piscibus marinis," but it has a separate title page and was published a year later than that work. Konrad Gesner included it in his "Historiæ animalium, liber IV," 1558. These two volumes, translated into French, next appear under the title below. They are, however, paged separately.

La première (et seconde) partie de l'histoire entière des poissons. Lion, 1558. 9, 418, 20, 181, 8 p. ills. portrait. fol. Pre-Linn. 1558.1

In 1558, Franciscus Boussuet published at Lyons two poems entitled "De natura animalium." Since his facts were obtained from Rondelet and the figures of "De piscibus marinis" were used as illustrations, these books are sometimes listed under Rondelet, but they are individual productions of, and are herein listed under Boussuet, (q. v.).

Rousseau, Cl. Edicts et ordonnances, arrêts et réglements des eaues et forests, revues et augmentez d'anciens et nouveaux, avec annotations sommaires. Paris, 1633. 8°.

Pre-Linn. 1633.1 French laws relating to freshwater fisheries.

Rudbeck (junior), Olaus (præses) [1630-1702] Ichthyologiæ biblicæ pars prima, de ave selav, cujus mentio fit num. XI: 31, in qua contra Bochartum & Ludolfum non avem aliquem plumosam, nec locustam fuisse, sed potius quoddam piscis genus (pisces volatiles) manifestis demonstratur argumentis. Upsaliæ, 1705. 148 p. figs. Pre-Linn. 1705.1

4°.

Andrew Brodd, respond.

Rumpf, or Rumphius, George Everhard [1626-1693] For a sketch of his life, see Henschel, A. W. E. T. 'Vita G. E. Rumphii accedunt specimen materiæ Rumphiana medica clavisque herbarii et thesauri Amboinensis," &c. 1833. 8°. Also issued under the title "Clavis Rumphiana botanica et zoologica, accedunt vita G. E. Rumphii.' For bibliography, see Rouffaer, G. P., & Muller, W. C., 1902.1. With reference to the fate of Rumpf's collections, see Martelli, U., 1903.1; also Targioni-Tozzetti, G., 1903.1

D'Amboinsche rariteitkamer, behelzende eene beschryvinge van allerhande zoo weeke als harde schaalvisschen, te weete raare krabben, kreeften, en diergelyke zeedieren, als mede allerhande hoorntjes en schulpen, die men in d'Amboinsche zee vindt. Amsterdam, 1705. xxviii, 340 p. 60 pls. ills. fol. Pre-Linn. 1705.1

Chap. LXXXII, Dominees Steen. In pl. 59 are shown figures of Palæoniscus freieslebeni, from the Permian, and of Leptolepis from the lithographic stone of Solenhofen.

This work as a whole or in its parts was often reprinted in Dutch and in various versions. Some editions of the original work are: Amsterdam, 1741; Wien, 1766. The best known Latin version is:

Thesaurus imaginum piscium testaceorum, quales sunt cancri, echini, &c. Lugduni Batavorum, 1711. 4, 15, 8 p. 60 pls. fol. Pre-Linn. 1711.1

Consists of the plates only, with names of the animals in Latin and Dutch. The fossil fishes above referred to are included.

Another ed., The Hague, 1739.

Het Amboinsche kruid-bock, etc. G. E. Rumphii. . . Herbarium Amboinense, etc. 6 parts in 4 vols.]. Amsterdam, 1741-1755.

Pre-Linn. 1741.1 Not seen; apparently a Dutch-Latin version of the above.

Rumpler, Angelus (Abbot of Vormbach-am-Inn) Geschichte des Klosters zu Vormbach. (M. S. c. 1500.]

Pre-Linn. 1500.1 According to J. Wimmer in his "Geschichte des deutschen Bodens," p. 389-392, an interesting account of Bavarian fishes is contained in this work.

scription of the principal natural productions in its neighbourhood, etc. London, 1756. viii, 266, 10 p. 16 pls. 4°. Pre-Linn. 1756.2 Abstracted and reviewed in Com. de Rebus, 7. Leipz. Gel. Anz., 1757.— Gött. Gel. Anz., 1757.

A second ed. (revised & enlarged by P. Russell) in 2 vols., illust. London, 1794 (fishes, vol. II, p. 207-219, pl.). German version, "Naturgeschichte von Aleppo." Göttingen, 1797

This is Ruysch's own part of the "Theatrum universale," but it is mainly taken from Renard and Valentyn. The figures are gross caricatures, See also Jonston, J., this section.

Rzaczynski, Gabriel [ -1737] Historia naturalis regni Poloniae, magni Ducatus Lithuaniae, annexarumque provinciarum, in tractatus xx divisa, etc. Sandomiriæ, 1721. 456 p. sm. 4°. Pre-Linn. 1721.1

De fluminibus et piscibus. p. 131. De lacubus, piscibus, etc. p. 153.

Auctarium historiæ naturalis curiosæ regni Poloniæ. 12 parts. Gedani, 1736. 4°. Abstract in Erlang. Gel. Zeit., 1755. Pre-Linn. 1736.1

Other eds., Gedani, 1742 & 1745.

S

S., J. The true art of angling; or the best and speediest way of taking all sorts of fresh-water fish with the worm, fly, paste and other baits in their proper seasons; how to know the haunts of fish and angle for them in all waters and weathers, at the top, middle and bottom, baiting of the ground and night baits, oyls and oyntments, baits natural and artificial; the several ways of angling; . . . and many rare secrets never before made publick; containing the whole body of angling, and mystery of a compleat angler. London, 1696. vi, 160 p. 24°. Pre-Linn. 1696.1

This passed through at least 12 eds., in part under the above title, but mostly changed as below. The second ed. "The true art of angling," etc. London, 1697, like the above, is extremely rare. The third ed. is:

The compleat fisher, or the true art of angling; being a clear and speedy way of taking all sorts of freshwater fish containing the . . . mystery of a compleat angler, etc. London, 1704. vi, 160 p. 24°. Pre-Linn. 1704.1

This was followed by eds. bearing same title; London, 1716, 1725, 1740, & 1770 (12th and last ed.) as "The true art of angling."

This author is believed to have been John Smith (q. v., this section) and these titles are listed under his name in the Heckscher sale catalogue. See also, further in Westwood & Satchell under both authors.

Sagard-Theodat, F.Gabriel [fl. 17th cent.] Le grand voyage du pays des Hurons, situé en l'Amérique vers la mer douce, és derniers confins de la nouvelle France, dite Canada . . . De la chasse, de la pesche & des oyseaux & animaux terrestres & aquatiques, etc. Paris, 1632. 380 p. 16°. Pre-Linn. 1632.1 A practically new edition was issued, Paris, 1636, as "Histoire du Canada," etc. A modern reprint appeared in 1865.

Sainctyon, Les édicts et ordonnances des roys, coustumes des provinces, réglemens, arrests et jugemens notables des eaux et forêts. 3 vols. Paris, 1610. fol. Pre-Linn. 1610.1

Early French laws governing fishing in fresh

waters.

Saint Ambrose. See Ambrose, (Saint).