cem editarum, fidelis cum figuris æneis ad vivum incisis repræsentatio. Opera Michalis Ruperti Besleri Medici. Leipsic, 1642. pls. fol. Pre-Linn. 1642.1

Other eds.: Leipsic & Frankfort, 1716 & 1733. A rare work containing copper plates of fishes, birds and mollusks, without text.

Rariora musei Besleriani quæ olim Basilus et Mich. Rup. Besler collegerunt æneisque tabulis ad vivum incisa evulgarunt: nunc commentariolo illustrata a Joh. Henr. Lochnero, denuo luci publicæ commisit... Mich. Frid. Lochner. Norimbergæ, 1716. 22 & 112 p. 40 pls. fol. Pre-Linn. 1716.1

Seven fishes are figured and described, p. 5568. Fossil fishes, p. 93-94. Glossopetras, p. 105.

See also Besler, B., & Lochner von Hummelstein, J. H.

Bianchi, Giovanni [1693-1775], pseudonym for Plancus, Janus.

Bingen, Hildegarde (Abbess of) See Hildegarde de Pinguia.

Binnell, Robert. Description of the river Thames . . with the City of London's jurisdiction and conservancy thereof... to which is added a brief description of those fish, with their seasons, spawning times, etc., that are caught in the Thames, or sold in London. With some few observations on

the nature. . . peculiar to fish in general, etc. London, 1758. 8°.

Pre-Linn. 1758.1

See Griffith's "An essay to prove, etc.," 1746, of which this is a plagiarized copy. See also Binnell, R. 1785.1.

Birch, Thomas (editor) [1705–1766] History of the Royal Society in London. 4 vols. London, 1756-57. 4°.

Pre-Linn. 1756.1

In the form of printed minutes, an account is given of the proceedings with short abstracts of papers read.

Birckerodius, Thomas Broderus. Sciagraphia . . . sive de cornibus et cornutis commentariorum, quos ex omni antiquitate, scientia et arte collectos, sex libris distinctos quad

rupedum, piscium. . . aliarum rerum, ultra mille, illustratos publico destinavit, et brevi, volente Deo, legendos dabit. Hafniæ, [ante 1694]. 28 p. 4°. Pre-Linn. 1694.1

Blacuod, Henr., & Debonnaire, Jo. Ergo pisces febricitantibus carnibus salubriores. Paris, 1587. Pre-Linn. 1587.1

Title from Boehmer.

Blégny, Nic. de [1652-1722] De pisce remora. Zodiacus-medico-gallicus, 1682, an. iv, 92. Pre-Linn. 1682.1

Blome, Richard [ -1705] The gentleman's recreation. In two parts; the first being an encyclopedy of the arts and sciences. . . the second part treats of horsemanship, fishing and agriculture, etc. London, 1686. fol.

Pre-Linn. 1686.1 Another ed. appeared in 1710 in folio.

Present state of his majesties isles and territories in America. London, 1687. Pre-Linn. 1687.1

Fisheries, pp. 20, 38, 79, 118, 135, 165, 189, 239, 250-252. French translation, Amsterdam, 1688; German, Leipzig, 1697.

Bluntschli, Memorabilia Tigurina. Merkwürdigkeiten der Stadt und Landschaft Zürich 1742. Zürich, 1742. 713 p. 4°. Pre-Linn. 1742.1

Contains data on fishes of Zurich.

Boccone, Paulo afterwards Sylvio [1633-1704] Recherches et observations

A not ordinary sangui-suga or leech, found sticking fast in the Xiphias or sword-fish]. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., 1673, 8, 6159-6160. Pre-Linn. 1673.1

Museo di fisica, e di esperienze variato e decorato di osservazioni naturali, . . . Con una dissertazione dell' origine e della prima impressione delle produzioni marine, etc. Venezia, 1697. viii, 319 p. 18 pls. 4°.

Pre-Linn. 1697.1 "De Glossopetris, p. 179; de Lavareto & Salione piscibus rarioribus, p. 289."

Descriptio anatomica Canis carchariæ. (In Valentini, M. B. Amphitheatrum Zootomicum, Francofurti, 1720, pt. 2, p. 120-121. pl. 70)

Pre-Linn. 1720.1 Reprinted from "Recherches et observations naturelles," p. 327. First figure of teeth tiger shark.

Hierozoicon seu de animalibus S. Scripturæ opus bipartitum, cujus pars prior libris Iv de animalibus in genere, & de quadrupedibus viviparis & oviparis: pars posterior libris vi de avibus, serpentibus, insectis, aquaticis & fabulosis animalibus agit. 2 vols. Londini, 1633. fol. Pre-Linn. 1633.1

Other eds. of this very learned work are: London, 1663; Frankfort, 1667 & 1675; Franeker, 1690; Leyden & Utrecht, 1712; Leipsic, 1793-96 (3 vols.).

Opera. Lugduni Batavorum &

Ultrajecti, 1692. fol.

Pre-Linn. 1692.1

Other eds.: Leyden, 1722; Leipsic, 1799. In the 1793-96 issue (edited by E. F. C. Rosenmüller), vol. III, chap. xII contains Jonah's whale (argued to be a Carcharias shark); chap. XIII, the Zygæna shark; chap. xiv, the Tobias fish.

Bock, Hieronymus (vulgo Tragus) [1498-1554] New Kreutter Buch, von Underscheydt, Würckung und Namen der Kreutter, so in teutschen Lande wachssen. Auch derselbigen eygentlichen und wolgegründen Gebrauch in Arzney &c. 2 vols. (in 11. Strassburg, 1539. vi, 174; 88, iv p. fol.

Pre-Linn. 1539.1 Other eds.: Strassburg, 1551, 1556, 1557 all folio. A later ed.:

(In

Von den vier Elementen, zamen und wilden Thieren, auch Vögeln, Fischen, und allerhandt Gewürz. his Herbarium. Argentorati, 1577, pt. IV, 397-350. fol.) Pre-Linn. 1577.1

Kreütterbuch, darin Underscheidt, Nammen, und Würckung der Kreütter, . . . Item von den vier Elementen, zamen und wilden Thieren, auch Vögeln, und Fischen, &c. &c. Strassburg (1587?). liv, 454, 46 p. ills. fol. Pre-Linn. 1587.1

Edited and augmented by Melchior Sebizium. A still later edition, Strassburg, 1630.

Bodin, Jean [1530-1596] Commentarius in Oppianum de piscium natura & venatione. Lutetiæ, 1555. 4°.

Pre-Linn. 1555.1

Universæ naturæ theatrum in quo rerum omnium effectrices causa et fines contemplantur et discutiuntur. Lugduni, 1596.* 8°. Pre-Linn. 1596.1

"Contains 43 plates engraved by Philip Galle from the celebrated paintings by J. Bol, representing hunting, fishing, shooting, falconry, etc." W. & S. Copy, N. Y. P.

Bonanni, Filippo. See Buonanni, F.

Bonge, Dan. (respond.) Dissertatio de salmonum naturâ, eorumque apud Ostrobothnienses piscatione. Upsala, 1730. 27 p. fig. 4°. Pre-Linn. 1730.1 Laurence Roberg, præses.

Bontius or Bondt, Jac. [Jan] [15991631] De medicina Indorum libri IV, etc. Lugduni Batavorum, 1642. 212 p. Pre-Linn. 1642.1

11 fishes described.

Appended to W. Piso's "De India utriusque re naturali et medica, etc.," 1658, under the title:

Historia naturalis et medica Indiæ orientalis libri vI. Amsteladami, 1658. Pre-Linn. 1658.1. Also reprinted under original title in Alpinus, P., "Medicina Aegyptorum, etc." 1718 & 1745. An English version is:

Account of the diseases, natural history, and medicines of the East Indies. London, 1769. 8°. This contains no descriptions of fishes but treats of fish as food, p. 122-127.

Bondt was the first author to describe fishes from Batavia, in which city he lived and practiced medicine.

Bontius, Jac., Piso, Gul., & Markgraef, Geo. Oost- en West-Indische warande, vervattende aldaar de leef- en

geneeskonst. Met een verhaal van de specerijen, boom- en aardgewassen, dieren etc. in O. en W. L. voorvallende. Amsterdam, 1694. viii, 304, viii, 96 p. Pre-Linn. 1694.1

8°.

Bontius on the use of fish as food and medicine, p. 14-20. Nothing by either Piso or Marcgraef, who are little referred to.

Copy, N. Y. A. M. 2nd ed., Amsterdam, 1734.

De la Glossopetra, etc., p. 435-437.
Copy, N. Y. P.
Bordone, Benedetto. Isolario. 1527.
Pre-Linn. 1527.1

Some West Indian fishes are mentioned. See also Santa Cruz, El yslario general de todas las yslas del mundo," written c. 1544, and edited by Franz R. von Wiesel, in his "Karten von Amerika." Innsbruck, 1908.

Libro di Benedetto Bordone nel qual si ragiona de tutte l'isole del mondo con li lor nomi antichi & moderni, historie, favole, & modi del loro vivere, & in qual parte del mare stanno, & in qual parallelo & clima giacciono. Venice, 1528. 83 leaves. Pre-Linn. 1528.1

Other eds.: Venice, 1534, 1537, 1547. These & 1528 ed. in J. C. B.

Borelli, Giovanni Alphonso [16081679] Philosophia de motu animalium ex principio mechanico-statico. 2 vols. Romæ, 1680-1682. 168 p. figs. 4°. Pre-Linn. 1680.1

Borelli studied the mechanism of swimming and determined the function of the swim bladder

Other eds. are: Leyden, 1685, 1710, 1711; Naples, 1734; The Hague, 1742 & 1743. The full title of the latter is:

Borrich, Olaus [1626 or 27-1690] De aci marini anatome [Belone vulgaris] Acta. Med. Phil. Hafnien. (Bartholini), 1673 (1675), 2, 149–151.

Pre-Linn. 1675.1 Reprinted in Valentini, M. B. "Amphitheatrum Zootomicum.' 1720, pt. 2, p. 119.

Original not seen. Agassiz assigns this title to Jacobæus, O. (Pre-Linn. 1675.1); Carus & Engelmann, to Borrich, O; while both Walbaum & Gronovius list it under both authors.

Bosman, Willem. Nauwkeurige beschryving van de Guinese Goud-Tanden Slave-kust, etc. 2 vols. (in 11 Trajecti, 1704. xxvi, 208, 280 p. illust. 4°. Pre-Linn. 1704.1

Boucher, P. Histoire véritable et naturelle des moeurs et productions du pays de la Nouvelle France; vulgairement dite le Canada. Paris, 1664. xxiv, 168 p. ills. 12°.

Pre-Linn. 1664.1 Names are given of the fishes which are found in the St. Lawrence, and in the lakes and rivers tributary to it.

Boussuet, Franciscus [1520–1572] De natura aquatilium carmen in universam Gulielmi Rondeletii, quam de piscibus marinis scripsit historiam; cum vivis eorum imaginibus. Opusculum nunc primum in luce emissum. Lugduni, Gallorum, 1558. 240 p. ills. 4°. Pre-Linn. 1558.1

De natura aquatilium carmen, in alteram partem G. Rondeletii de aquatilibus historiae. Lugduni, 1558, 135 p. ills. 4°. Pre-Linn. 1558.2

These rare works form a pictorial history of fishes. Rondelet's figures are used and each has beneath it a short Latin verse in epigrammatic form describing the fish. They are generally bound together, but each has its own title page and separate pagination.

Bowlker, Richard. The art of angling, improved in all its parts, especially fly-fishing. Worcester, (1746?). 12°. Pre-Linn. 1746.1

This famous work, revised by the author's son, Charles, passed through a large number of eds. In the Heckscher sale catalogue, 1909, 12 issues are listed; 1758-1854.

See also Bowlker, R., 1758.1.

Boyle, Robert [1627-1691] For a sketch of his life by Thomas Birch, see edition of works below, 1744.

New experiments concerning the relation between light and air (in shining wood and fish), etc. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 1667, 2, 591–600. Pre-Linn. 1667.1 Phosphorescence of dead fish in a vacuum.

Of the motion of the separated heart of a cold animal (Anguilla) in the exhausted receiver. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 1670, 5, 2027-2028.

Pre-Linn. 1670.1

Of the phænomena of a scalefish in an exhausted receiver. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 1670, 5, 2024-2026. Pre-Linn. 1670.2

Philosophical works abridged, methodized and disposed under the general heads of physics, statics, pneumatics, natural history, &c. 3 vols. London, 1725. figs. 4°. Pre-Linn. 1725.1

Other eds.; 1738, 1744 (with the life of Boyle by Thomas Birch), & 1772.

Boyle, Roger [c. 1621-1679] Occasional reflections upon several subjects, whereto is premis'd a discourse about such kind of thoughts. London, 1665. 12°. Pre-Linn. 1665.1

Contains data about fish and fishing. 2nd ed., 1669. Reprinted, London, 1808; Oxford, 1848.

Attributed by Westwood & Satchell to Hon. Robert Boyle. Copy in N. Y. P. written by Roger Boyle [1st Earl of Orrery ?]

Braccio, Ignacio. Remoræ pisciculi effiges. Romæ, 1634. 1 p. fig. fol. Pre-Linn. 1634.1

No copy of this work, consisting of one page with woodcut, seems extant. There was formerly a copy in the British Museum, a part of the Sir Hans Sloane collection, but it has been lost.

Bradley, Richard [ -1732] A philosophical account of the works of nature, etc. London, 1721. xx, 194 p. 28 pls. 4°. Pre-Linn. 1721.1

Fish ponds and breeding of fish are treated of, p. 178-181.

Á 2nd ed.: London, 1739.

Wysgeerige verhandeling van de werken der natuure. Amsterdam, 1744. 31 pls. 8°. Pre-Linn. 1744.1

Brander, Fredrik Reinhold (respond.) Dissertatio de regiâ piscaturâ Cumoensi. Inaug. Dissert. Aboæ, 1751. 48 p. 2 pls. 4°. Pre-Linn. 1751.1

Carl Fred. Menander, præses.

For other works on husbandry by this author, see Catalogue British Museum (Natural History). All these presumably have chapters dealing with fish ponds and fish culture.

Brassicanus, Johannes Alexander. [1500-1539] De re rustica selectorum libri xx Græci . . . J. A. Brassicani opera in lucem editi, &c. 1539. 8°. Pre-Linn. 1539.1

See also Bassus, C., Pre-Linn. 1539.1. Brauner, Johann. Beschreibung der Fischer-Zäune und ihres Gebrauchs. König. Schwed. Akad. Abhandl., 1753, 15, 277. Pre-Linn. 1753.1

See note under Kästner, A. G., Pre-Linn.

Beskrifning pä fiske-katsor och deras nyttiande. K. Swensk. Vetensk. Acad. Handl., 1753, 14, 272.

Pre-Linn. 1753.2

Breton, Nicholas [c. 1545-1627] Wit's-Trenchmour; in a conference had between a scholler and an angler. London, 1597. sm. 4°.

Pre-Linn. 1597.1 This is said to have furnished the idea of Walton's "Angler."

Breton, Raymond [1609–1679] Dictionnaire Caraibe-François. Auxerre, 1665. Pre-Linn. 1665.1

Contains Carib names for fishes and other natural history objects.

Facsimile reprint by Jules Platzmann, Leipzig, 1892.

Brickell, John. The natural history of North Carolina . . . Illustrated with copper plates, whereon are curiously engraved the map of the country, several strange beasts, birds, fishes, snakes, insects, trees, and plants, etc. Dublin, 1737. 408 p. woodcuts, pls. map. 8°. Pre-Linn. 1737.1

Of the fish of North Carolina, pp. 215-249. 2nd ed.: Dublin, 1743.

Bring, Sven. (præses) Dissertatio de piscaturis in Oceano Boreali.