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Baker, Henry [1698-1774] [A letter concerning an extraordinary fish called in Russia quab [Gadus lota ? and on the stones called carp's eyes.] Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 1748, 45, 174-180. Pre-Linn. 1748.1

Balbinus, Bohuslai. Miscellanea historica regni Bohemiæ. 2 vols. Praga, 1679-1682. fol.

Pre-Linn. 1679.1 De piscibus Bohemiæ, vol. I, cap. 52-57. Curiosa natura Arcana inclyti Regni Bohemiæ, etc. Praga, 1724. fol. Pre-Linn. 1724.1

Baldigara, Battista. Ragionamento di meraviglis non mai dato in luce. Opera nuova, nella quale si tratta di pesci meravigliosi, che si trovano in diverse peschiere di acque dolci e salse,

delle guerre et armate da mare. Venezia, 1752. 8°. Pre-Linn. 1752.1 Baldner, Leonhard. For accounts of the man and his book, see Bleicher,

B

1901.1.

1888.1; and Lauterborn, R.

Recht natürliche Beschreibung und Abmahlung der Wasser-Vögel, Fischen, vierfüssigen Thier, Insekten und Gerwirm, so bey Strassburg in den Wassern sind, die ich selber geschossen und die Fisch gefangen, auch alles in meiner Hand gehabt. Leonhard Baldner, Fischer undt Hagmeister in Strassburg gefertigt worden. Strassburg, 1666. Pre-Linn. 1666.1

Two modern reprints have appeared. The first by Fr. Reiber is:

L'histoire naturelle des eaux Strasbourgeoises de Léonard Baldner (1666). Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. Colmar, 1887, 1-114.

A modern German version with copious annotations, was published by R. Lauterborn under the following title:

Des Strassburger Fischers, aus dem Jahre 1666. Vogel- Fisch- und Tierbuch. Herausgegeben mit Einleitung und Anmerkungen. Ludwigshafen, 1903, xvi, 177 p.

The original MS. of this work, which is still extant in the Strassburg Public Library, bears this title:

Descripsit & depinxit pisces & aves, quæ in Rheno & circa Argentoratum reperiuntur. MSC coemit eques Willoughby, et passim inseruit Ornithologiæ suæ & Ichthyographiæ.

Balduin, Gottfried (respond.) Exercitatio de generatione piscium. Wittebergæ, 1667. 4°. Pre-Linn. 1667.1

Gottfried Thilo, præses.

Balk, Laurentius. Museum AdolphoFridericianum (In Linnæus, C. Amonitates Academicæ seu dissertationes variæ, etc. Lugduni Batavorum, 1749, 1, 556-610. 2 pls.) Pre-Linn. 1749.1

Fishes, p. 589-604.

This first appeared as a thesis, Holmiæ, 1746. 48 p. 2 pls. Later in another ed. of the above, Erlangen, 1787.

Bapst, Michael. Wunderbares Leibund Wundarzneybuch. 2 parts. Mülhausen, 1590. 8°. Pre-Linn. 1590.1

Blood of fishes considered. 2nd. ed., Eisleben 1597. 4°.

Baralis, Barth., & La Chambre, Fr. de. Ergo carnes piscibus salubriores. Paris, 1655. Pre-Linn. 1655.1 Title from Boehmer. Probably a medical dissertation.

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Other rare editions (some augmented by other inclusions) are: Rome, 1493; Milan, 1494; Cremona, 1495 & 1497; Venice, 1495; and Basel, 1534. Copies, 1492, 1493, 1495 eds. Y., L. C., U. C.

Compendium scientiæ naturalis ex Aristotele. Venetiis, 1545. iii, 76 p. Pre-Linn. 1545.1

Naturalis scientiæ totius compendium, ex Aristotele & aliis philosophis, H. Barbaro . . . auctore, innumeris, quibus antea scatebat, mendis nunc demum D. C. Gesneri . . opera ac studio purgatum. Cui accessit, H. Wildenbergii Aurimontani in universam Aristotelis Physicam epitome. Basilea, 1548. 267 p. text ills. 8°.

Pre-Linn. 1548.1 For this author as editor of Pliny's "Historia Naturalis," see Barbarus, H. 1778.1.

Barbot, Jean [ -1720] A description of the coasts of North and South Guinea; and of Ethiopia Inferior

containing a geographical. . . and natural history of the kingdoms, etc. (In Churchill, A., & J. Collection of voyages and travels, etc., vol. V. London, 1732. fol.) Pre-Linn. 1732.1

Descriptions and figures are given "of the several sorts of fish in the sea of [South] Guinea." There are also some notes on the habits of fishes, particularly of sharks and the remora. Another edition, London, 1740.

Abstract of a voyage to Congo river, or the Zair, and to Cabainde, in the year 1700. (In Churchill's Collection of voyages, 1746, vol. II, 497-590.) Pre-Linn. 1746.1

Baricelli, J. C. Pisces marinos salubriores et sapidiores esse fluminum piscibus (In his Hortulus genialis. Bologna, 1617. 12°.) Pre-Linn. 1617.1

Other eds.: Bologna, 1621; Genève, 1623.

Barker, Thomas [fl. 1651] For biographical and bibliographical data of Barker and his books, see Westwood & Satchell, 1883.1; and Marston, R. B. 1894.1.

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Barlow, Francis [1626?-1702] erall wayes of hunting, hawking, fishing, according to the English manner, invented by Franc. Barlow, etched by W. Hollar. London, 1671. 12 pls. obl. 4°. Pre-Linn. 1671.1

The plates drawn by Barlow were etched by Hollar, who by some bibliographers is listed as joint author.

Barlow, William. A paper concerning the Mola salviani or sun-fish, and a glue made of it. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 1740 (1744), 41, 343–345. pl. Pre-Linn. 1744.1

Barnes or Bernes or Berners, Juliana or Julyans [c. 1388- ] Treatyse perteynynge to hawkynge, huntynge, and fysshynge with an angle: and also a ryght noble treatise of the lygnage of cot armours, endynge with a treatise which specyfyeth of blasynge of armys. Westmestre, 1496. fol. (black letter) Pre-Linn. 1496.1

The authorship of "The Book of St. Albans" is generally ascribed to Dame Barnes, who is said to have been Prioress of Sopwell near St. Albans. This work is supposed to have been written early in the 15th century, but the first edition of it, which is entitled: "The bookys of haukyng and huntyng: and also of cootamuris. Compylyt at St. Albons, 1486," contains nothing about fishing. The next edition (1496) contains the famous treatise on fishing, the earliest in the English language.

The "Treatyse" was republished in separate form about the year 1500 and at least fifteen editions of the whole work appeared before 1600, most of them being undated.

For careful descriptions and critical discussions of the various early editions of this old work, see Westwood and Satchell's invaluable "Bibliotheca piscatoria," p. 24-29 (1883.1); also Lowndes, W. T., "A Bibliographer's Manual of English Literature" revised and extended by H. G. Bohn, vol. I, 1864, pp. 117-118. For an analysis of the "Treatyse of fyshynge with an angle," with extensive quotations, see Marston, R. B. 1894.1, p. 15-32. For a critical discussion of "The Book of St. Albans," reference may be made to Haslewood, J., 1810.1.

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Another reprint was issued at London in 1827, and especially notable is the facsimile issued at London in folio in 1880 with an introduction by M. G. Watkins. (See Barnes, Juliana. 1880.1.)

An American edition of the "Treatyse" was published in New York, in 1875, under the editorship of George W. van Siclen. Other reprints have been issued since this date; i. e., London, 1903, but need not be listed. Of interest, however, is the following:

An older form of the Treatyse of fysshynge wyth an angle attributed to Dame Juliana Barnes. Printed from a MS, in the possession of Alfred Denison; with preface and glossary by Thomas Satchell. London, 1883. (4), viii, 38,

(10%). The Treatyse' as given in this MS, differs

considerably in orthography, phrase, and sense, from that in the 'Boke of St. Albans,' and Professor Skeat is inclined to assign to it an earlier date than 1450." Dict. Nat. Biog.

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Bartholomæus, respond.

Question 3 discusses the respiration of fishes.

Bartholinus, Thomas [1616-1680] For a sketch of his life and a short analysis of his work, see Choulant, L. "Graphische Incunabeln für Naturgeschichte und Medicin. Bibliographie der Drucke des XVten und XVIten Jahrhunderts." Leipzig, 1858. 8°.

De unicornu observationes novæ. Patavii, 1641. 8°. Pre-Linn. 1641.1 Deals with all unicorn (one horned) animals; "piscis monoceros" among them.

De luce animalium, libri m.
Pre-Linn. 1643.1

Leyden, 1643.

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iii. Orbis piscis anatome [Tetrodon, Mola] Cent. II, hist. 1, 169.

iv. Piscis figura crucis signatus (passer piscis). Cent. II, hist. 33, 225.

v. Orbes maiores marini [Tetrodon, Mola] Cent. IV, hist. 34, 304.

De unicornu observationes novæ. Secunda editione auctiores emendatiores editæ a filio C. Bartolino. Amstelodami, 1678. xix, 381, 15, 40 p. illust. 12°. Pre-Linn. 1678.1

Titles reading "unicorn" not seen, and entered doubtfully. However, Bartholin wrote about both the mammal [Narwhal] and the fish [Xiphias].

Bartholomæus,

(respond.) Dissertatio tetras quæstionum physicarum. Lipsiæ, 1647. 2 pls. 4°.

Casp. Bartholinus, præses.

Question 3 discusses the respiration of fishes.

Bartholomæus Anglicus [ƒl. 1230– 1250] (Erroneously called Bartholomew de Glanville) For an analysis of his work and for brief data about the author, see Choulant, Ludwig. "Graphische Incunabeln der Naturgeschichte und Medecin . . . des XV und XVI Jahrhunderts." Leipzig, 1858. For critical data as to the dates of publication, see Sotheby, S. Leigh. Principia typographica." 1858, 3, 89-104; Duff, E. G. Wm. Caxton," Chicago, 1905, and XV century English books," 1917; and Voigt, E. "Englische Studien," 1910, 41, 347. For an epitome in present-day English, see Steele, R. 1893.1.

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De proprietatibus rerum. Coloniæ et Basiliæ, [1470]. 238 leaves. fol. Pre-Linn. 1470.1

This famous compilation, the first edition of which is listed above, is the first encyclopædia ever printed. Before the invention of printing many MS. copies had been made, of which specimens are to be found in the libraries of the B. M., Paris (MS. dated 1376), the Vatican, Oxford and Cambridge Universities, and elsewhere. First printed in 1470, 1471, or 1472 at Cologne, and at Basel 1472, it sprang into great favor, Besides a number of undated versions, at least 26 editions, mostly in folio, were issued 1470-1495; 10 during the 15th century, and 3 from 1601-1619 the date of the last edition ever published. These are distributed as follows: Cologne, 4, 1470-1483; Basle, 1, 1470; London, 4, 1471-1582; Lyons, 5, 1482-1500; Strasburg, 6, 1480-1505; Nuremberg, 5, 14831519; Harlem 3, 1484-1495; Toledo, 2, 1494 & 1529; Paris, 2, 1556 & 1573; Venice, 2, 1516, 1571; Frankfort, 3, 1601-1619, and French and Dutch editions of 1472 and 1479 without place. For the above we have records; there are probably others still not listed.

are:

Early foreign versions, including English,

Cy commence ung tres excellent livre nommé le propriétaire des choses; cestuy livre fut translaté de Latin en

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Batman uppon Bartholome, his book de proprietatibus rerum, newly corrected, enlarged and amended, etc. London, 1582. fol. Pre-Linn. 1582.1

Batman was the Rev. Dr. Stephen Bateman, Chaplain to Bishop Parker. The edition is a reissue of Wynkyn de Worde's 1494 version.

note:

At the close of this volume is the following "Barthelmew Glanvyle, a Franciscan Frier, wrote this worke in Edward the Third's time, about the yeare of our Lord 1366 (1360 ?)

In the yeare 1397, 37 yeares after, was this sayd worke translated into English, and so remained by written coppie untill A. D. 1471, at which time printing began first in England, the 37 yeare of the Reign of King Henrie the 6; sithence this learned and profitable worke was printed by Thomas Berthelet, [London] 1535." Copies of early editions are in H., Y., L. C., U. S. C., N. Y. P., J. C., & H. E. H.

Basilius Magnus (Saint) (Basil the Great, Archbishop of Cæsarea in Cappadocia). [329-379] Hexameron (in Opera [Greek]) Basiliæ, 1551. fol. Pre-Linn. 1551.1

Fishes in Homily vii, § 5.

The above is the editio princeps. Other eds. of his works are: Basel, 1552, 1565; Leipsic, 1566; Ingoldstadt (Dutch), 1591; Paris, (Greek & Latin, 2 vols.), 1618. fol.; Paris & Basel, 1654.

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Attributed in some editions to Constantine IV, and in others to Constantine VII, Emperors of Constantinople, but now known to have been compiled by Bassus and to have been revised by an unknown editor and published (in MS.) about 950.

The 2nd ed. The first (in Greek) Basel, 1588. Other Latin eds. (at least 3), Venice, Basel, & Leyden (one in 1541); in Italian, Venice, 1542 & 1549; French, Poictiers, 1543.

Der Feldbaw, oder das Buch von der Feldarbeyt. Vor tausent Jahren von dem . . . Keyser Constantino IIII inn Griechischer Sprach beschriben, unnd durch D. M. Herren verdolmetscht. Jetzund von newem widerumb uberlesen, gemehret und bebessert [with a preface by L. Rabus von Memmingen). Strassburg, 1551. ccxxvii, 24 p. 8°. Pre-Linn. 1551.1

Geoponika. Geoponicorum, sive de re rustica, libri xx. Cassiano Basso scholastico collectore. Antea Constantino Porphyrogenneto a quibusdam adscripto. Græce et Latine. Cantabrigiæ et Londonis, 1704. 8°.

Pre-Linn. 1704.1

Another and excellent edition, edited by J. J. Niclas, was published at Leipsic, 1781. A late English version by T. Owen was issued at London, 1805, under the title "Geoponica. Agricultural pursuits." For other modern editions, see Encyclopædia Britannica, 1910, vol. III.

The "Geoponica" is a compilation from the writings of various Roman writers on farming. The 20th book, consisting of 46 short chapters is devoted to fish and fishing.

Baulacre, Oeuvres. Band I. Genève, 1738-1756. Pre-Linn. 1738.1

Swiss fishes are considered.

Bayle, Francis [1622-1709] Dissertationes Problematæ physicæ, in quibus principia proprietatum in mixtus, oeconomia corporum in plantis et animalibus demonstrantur. Tolosæ, 1677. Pre-Linn. 1677.1

Remora as a ship-holder; relative amounts of muscle and bone in fish, etc.

Other eds.: Toulouse, 1681 & 1701; The Hague, 1678.

Beal, John [1603-1683] [Account of shining fish Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London, 1666, 1, 226–228.

Pre-Linn. 1666.1

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L'histoire naturelle des estranges poissons marins, avec la vraie peincture et description du dauphin et de plusieurs autres de son espèce, observées par Pierre Belon du Mans. Paris, 1551. 55 p. index. figs. 4°. Pre-Linn. 1551.1

Other eds.: Paris, 1553 & 1555.

De aquatilibus libri duo. Cum eiconibus ad vivam ipsorum effigiem, quoad eius fieri potuit, expressis. Parisiis, 1553. 16 leaves. 448 p. obl. 8°. Pre-Linn. 1553.1

110 fishes are named and described.
2nd ed., 1620. fol.

-Les observations de plusieurs singularitez et choses mémorables, trouvées en Grèce, Asie, Indée, Egypte, Arabie & autres pays estranges, redigées en trois livres, par Pierre Belon du Mans Paris, 1553. 211 p. 4°.

Pre-Linn. 1553.2

The first ed. A second, revised and augmented, Paris, 1554. Others: Paris, 1555, 1558, 1585, 1588; Antwerp, 1555, 1558, 1589, 1605. The last ed. is dated 1620. Found also in Ray, J. "A collection of travels and voyages," etc. 1693.

Some fishes are mentioned, as for instance the parrot-wrasse, Scarus, which Aristotle had declared to be the only fish that ruminates. Accounts are given also of fishing by the peoples visited.

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