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Yamawaki, Gi. On poisoning by the fugu fish (Tetrodon) [Text in Japanese] Iji Shinbun, Tokio, 1883 (May 5). Add. 1883.1

Yarrell, William [1784-1856] On the preservation of whitebait (Clupea alba Yarr.) alive. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1830-31 (1831), 13.

Add. 1831.1

On the occurrence of the anchovy in the Thames. Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1838, 66. Add. 1838.1

Yoshinaga, Torama, & Tanaka, Shigeho. See Tanaka & Yoshinaga.

Young, I. C. The shore fisheries of Massachusetts. Rept. Comm. Inland Fisheries & Game, Massachusetts, 1894 (1895), 33-34. Add. 1895.1

Young, Thomas. Narrative of a residence on the Mosquito Shore. London, 1847. 172 p. Add. 1847.1

Many incidental notes of but little value on fish and fishing. List of fishes local names p. 21-22.

Younger, John. River angling for salmon and trout, with a memoir of the author: together with a treatise on

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the salmon, and a list of the Tweed salmon-casts. Kelso & Edinburgh, 1864. xii, 220 p. 16°. Add. 1864.1 Other editions are: Edinburgh, 1840; Kelso & Edinburgh, 1860.

Yung, E. J. J. Recherches sur la digestion des poissons (Histologie et physiologie de l'intestine) Arch. Zool. Expér., 1899, 3. ser. 7, 121-201. pl. Add. 1899.1 Extensive bibliography.

Deux cas tératologiques. Arch. Sci. Phys. Nat. Genève, 1914, (4), 37, 76-77. Add. 1914.1 Nageoire supplémentaire chez Tinca vulgaris.

La station de zoologie lacustre de l'Université de Genève et les variations quantitatives du plankton_dans le Léman. 9. Congrès Internat. Zool., Monaco, 1913 (1914), 98-112. 5 figs. Add. 1914.2

i. Technique de la capture du plankton. p. 100-105.

ii. Dosage du plankton. p. 105-107.

111.

Recensement des diverses espèces pélagiques. p. 107-108.

iv.

V.

Pêches en étage. p. 108.

Résultats généraux relatifs à la distribution du plankton et ses variations quantitatives. p. 108-109.

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Zahn, Gustav. Flora, amphibia, reptiles and fish of the Seeberg. (In Naturwissenschaftliches und Geschichtliches vom Seeberg. Naturwissensch. Ver. Gotha, 1901. 8°.) Add. 1901.1

Zampieri, C. Produzione naturali che si ritrovano nel Museo Ginanni in Ravenna. Lucca, 1762. Add. 1762.1 Bolca fishes studied & classified.

Zavattari, Edoardo. Muscoli ioidei dei sauri (In Rapporto con i muscoli ioidei degli altri vertebrati. Part II) Mem. R. Accad. Sci. Torino, 1910, 2. ser. 61, 53-134. pl. Add. 1910.1

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Zschokke, Fritz [1860- ] Ueber Bothriocephalenlarven in Trutta salar. Centralb. Bakter. Parasitenk., 1890, 7, 393-396; 435-439. 5 figs.

Add. 1890.1

Die Parasitenfauna von Trutta salar. Centralb. Bakter. Parasitenk., 1891, 10, 694-699; 738-745; 792-801; 829-838. 8 tables. Add. 1891.1

Complete reference for Zschokke, F., 1889.1

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III

TITLES OF PRE-LINNEAN PUBLICATIONS1

Abbeville, Claude d' [ -1632] Histoire de la mission des Pères Capucins en l'isle de Maragnan. Paris, 1612. Pre-Linn. 1612.1

Various fishes described, which are referred to by De Laet in his "Novus Orbis," 1633, p. 616, and in the French edition of the same, 1640, p. 554.

In the 2nd ed., Paris, 1614, on p. 245, is found the earliest description of the spotted eagle ray, Aetobatus narinari.

Abbondio, Giovanni. Delle construccione della peschiere chiuse e de vivia; con un trattato della pesca di Giulio Navarino, ad uso della genti di Campagna. Palermo, 1715. 4°. Pre-Linn. 1715.1 For

Acosta, José d' [1539-1600] life and explorations of this early Spanish traveller, see Miall, L. C., 1912.1. (pp. 64-71); J. R. Carricido, "El Padre José de Acosta," etc. Madrid, 1899; C. Sommervogel, "Bibliothèque de la Compagnie de Jésus,' pt. 1, vol. I, cols. 31-42, Brussels & Paris, 1890; and E. Grimston as cited below..

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De natura Novi Orbis libri duo, et de promulgatione evangelii, apud barbaros, sive de procuranda Indorum salute libri sex. Autore Josepho Acosta presbytero societatis Jsu. Salamanticæ [Salamanca], 1589. 640 p. 8 pl. 8°. Pre-Linn. 1598.1

This is the editio princeps. The book appeared in many editions and translations too numerous to list. Records are at hand of 4 eds. at Seville, 1589-91; 2 at Madrid, 1608-10; 3 at Salamanca, 1589-1595; Barcelona, 1591-94; Paris, 4, 1597-1616; Venice, 1596; Amsterdam, 1624; Cologne, 1598; Ursel, 1605, and Francofurt, 1617.

Early editions in other languages are:

Historia natural y moral de las Indias, en que se tratan las cosas notables del cielo, y elementos, metales, plantas y animales, etc. Sevilla, 1590. 535 p. 4°. Pre-Linn. 1590.1

De diversos pescados y modos de pescar de las Indias, lib. II, cap. 17 [i. e. 15] p. 158-162. Flying fishes are also described.

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Historia naturale e morale delle Indie, etc. Venetia, 1596. 173 p. 4°. Pre-Linn. 1596.1

Histoire naturelle et moralle des Indies, tant Orientales qu'Occidentales. Paris, 1598. 375 p. 8°.

Pre-Linn. 1598.1

Historie naturael ende morael, van de Westersche Indien, etc. Haerlem, 1598. xii, 389 p. 8°.

Pre-Linn. 1598.2

· De novi orbis natura et ratione

AmerFranco

(In De Bry, Grands Voyages
ica, pt. IX, [Text in Latin].
furti, 1602. 362 p.) Pre-Linn. 1602.1

Naturall and morall historie of the East and West Indies, etc. Translated by E. G.[rimston], London, 1604. Pre-Linn. 1604.1

Of fishers and the manner of fishing in the Indies, book III, chap. xv, pp. 163-169.

The most available English version is the Hakluyt Society reprint in Works, nos. 60 & 61, bearing the title: "The natural and moral history of the Indies," etc. London, 1880.

Acuña, Christoval de [1597-c.1655] Nuevo descubrimiento del gran Rio de los Amazonas, i viague de la provincia del Quito en el reyno del Peru. Madrit 1641. 4°. Pre-Linn. 1641.1 Translations into French, English and Ger

man are:

Rélation de la rivière des Amazones, traduite de l'Espagnole par M. Gomberville. 2 vols. Paris, 1682. 12°. Pre-Linn. 1682.1

Voyage and discoveries up the river Amazon to Quito in Peru and back again to Brazil, etc. (In Acuña, C. d', Acarete, Grillet, J., & Bechamel, F. Voyages and discoveries in South America. 3 parts. London, 1698, pt. I, viii, 190 p.)

Pre-Linn. 1698.1 Part 1, chap. xxv is entitled: "The great plenty of fish in this river [Amazon] and which is the best sort of them.'

1 Literature of fishes ante 1758, the date of the 10th edition of the Systema Naturæ.

Reise... auf dem Amazonflusse, (1639-40) (In Arkstee, - & Merkus, Allgemeine Historie der Reisen, etc., 1758, vol. XVI. 4°.) Pre-Linn. 1758.1

Acuña's work is available for English readers in the Hakluyt Society reprint, in Works, no. 24 for 1859: "A new discovery of the great river of the Amazons, 1639, etc." In this see Methods of fishing used by the Indians, description of the paraque or electric eel, etc.

Adanson, Michel [1727-1806] Histoire naturelle du Sénégal. Coquillages. Avec une relation abregée d'un voyage fait en ce pays, pendant les années 1749-1753. Paris, 1757, viii, 190; xcvi, 275 p. 19 pls. map. 4°. Pre-Linn. 1749.1 Contains a reference to the electric catfish, Malopterurus (p. 134).

Translated into English as:

Voyage to Senegal, the Isle of Goree, and the river Gambia. London, 1759. 8°.

There are German translations by Martinus, Brandenburg, 1773, and by Schreber at Halle in the same year.

Ad-Damîrî, Imâm Kamal-ad-din [1341 or 49-1405] Hayât al-Hayawân. [MS. c. 1372] Pre-Linn. 1372.1

This Arabic natural history lexicon was composed by the author while professor in the University of Al-Azhar at Cairo. It was first printed in Arabic at Cairo, 1858; reprinted Cairo, 1867, 1887, & in 3 other issues before 1903. An illustrated edition (in Persian?) has been issued at Teheran, and a version, presumably in Turkish, at Constantinople. It is most available

as:

Ad-Damiri's Hayat al-Hayawân. (A zoological lexicon.) Translated from the Arabic by A. S. G. Jayakar. 2 vols. London & Bombay, 1906-08.

2nd vol. in 2 parts. Each vol. and part paged separately.

For reference to fishes, see indices.

Elfric (Archbishop of Canterbury) [955-c.1020] Colloquium (Latine et Saxonice.. ab Elfrico primum compilatum, etc. (MS. c. 990).

Pre-Linn. 990.1 The oldest English treatise on fishing is contained in this work.

The original, a MS. of the 10th century, is in the Cottonian collection of the British Museum. Reproduced in Thorpe, B., "Analecta anglosaxonica," 1834, p. 101-118, and 1846, pp. 18-36. See also Wright. Thomas, "A volume of vocabularies," etc., 1857.

For an English translation, with many valuable notes on the names of the fishes mentioned, see Prof. W. W. Skeat in the "Angler's note-book," 1880, pp. 76-77; 155-156; 168170.

Elian, Claudius [fl. c. 120 A. D.] Ex Æliani historia per Petrum Gyllium latini facti, itemque ex Porphyrio, Heliodoro, Oppiano, tum eodem, Gyllio luculentis accessionibus aucti libri xvi,

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An exceedingly rare and very beautiful edition of this famous work. Other pre-Linnæan editions are: Rome, 1535 or 1545; Zurich, 1555 or 1556; Lyons, 1535 & 1562; Lugduni, 1611; Geneva & Cologne (Gesner & Gilles eds.), 1616; Basel, 1750; London, 1744-given below.

De natura animalium, libri xvii. Cum animadversionibus C. Gesneri et D. W. Trilleri. Curante Abr. Gronovio [Text in Greek and Latin] Londini, 1744. 4°. Pre-Linn. 1744.1

Of modern editions the best are:

Eliani de natura animalium libri XVII. Græca et Latine cum priorum interpretum et suis animadversionibus edidit J. G. Schneider. 2 vols. [in 1] Lipsia, 1784.

Eliani de natura animalium libri septemdecim. Verba ad fidem librorum manuscriptorum constituit et annotationibus illustravit F. Jacobs. Intextæ sunt curæ secundæ postumæ J. G. Schneideri Adjecti indices et interpretatio Latina Gesneri a Gronovio emendata (... Cum addendis et conjuncturis ineditis J. J. Reiskii). 2 vols. Jena, 1832.

8°.

Vol. I contains the Greek text, followed by the Latin translation, which has a distinct pagination; vol. II contains the notes.

There is also a later edition published at Paris by Didot in 1858.

Elian is the first, and indeed the only writer among the ancients who mentions the use of the artificial fly in fishing for trout. See book XV of his history.

Agrippa, Heinrich Cornelius [14861535] Henrie Cornelius Agrippa, of the vanitie and uncertaintie of artes and sciences. Englished by Ja. Sam. Gent., etc. London, 1569. 4°.

Pre-Linn. 1569.1

Chapter LXXVI of this caustic satire on the kinds of learning in vogue in Agrippa's age is "Of fishing": "The study of fishing was in time past emonge the Romaines in so greate price, and estimation that they did sow in the Italian sea, as it were corne in the ground. Furthermore with great costs they made great fishe pooles and pondes full of most pretious fishes, etc."

Aitzema, Lieuwe van [1600–1669] Saken van Staet en Oorlogh, in, ende omtrent de Vereenigde Nederlanden (1621-1669). 's Gravenhage The Hague, 1669. 6 parts. fol.

Pre-Linn. 1669.1 Contains considerable data about herring fish

eries.

Albertinus, Ægidius. Der Welt Tummel: und Schauplatz, sampt der bitter-süssen Warheit. Darinn mit Einführung viler schöner und fürtrefflicher Discursen nit allein die natürliche, sondern auch moralische und sittliche

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Albertus Magnus [1193 or 12051280] For articles on his life and works, see Sighart, J. 1857.1; Stadler, H. 1903.1, 1909.1, Add. 1907.1, 1912.1, 1912.2, 1913.1; also Saintyves, P. in "Revue des traditions populaires." Paris, 1913, 556-564.

For a list of the authorities cited by Albertus in his "De Animalibus," see Buhle in Kön. Gesell. Wiss. Göttingen, Commentationes, 12.

De animalibus. Libri XXVI. Rome, 1478. fol. Pre-Linn. 1478.1

This is the editio princeps. Almost equally rare is the 2nd edition, the Mantua folio of 1479. Other old eds. are: Venice, 1490, 1495, 1498, 1519; Cologne, 1541 & 1546; Frankfort, 1546. An early German translation is entitled:

Thierbuch von Art, Natur und Eigenschaft der Thiere nemlich von Vierfüssigen, Vögeln, Fyschen, Schlangen und Insecten durch Waltherum Ryff verteutschet. Frankfurtan-Main, 1546. fol.

Pre-Linn. 1546.1

Opera omnia, edita studio et labore P. Petri Jammy. XXI vols. Lugduni, 1651. fol.

Pre-Linn. 1651.1

The most famous edition of Albertus' collected works. Copy, N. Y. P.

Fishes are treated in vol. VI, book XXIV, the title of which reads as follows:

De animalibus lib. xxvI. Lugduni, 1651. 684 p. fol.

Pre-Linn. 1651.2 For a modern edition of the works of Albertus, consult: "Opera omnia cura Aug. Borgnet edidit. Historia animalium libri xXVI." Parisiis, 1891.

Albert's work is not such an inorganic compilation as Thomas's. He has paraphrased the ten books of Aristotle's natural histories, his four books on the parts of animals, and his five books on their generation. To these nineteen, he has added seven books on the nature of animal bodies and on their grades of perfection; and then on quadrupeds, birds, aquatic animals, snakes and small bloodless creatures. Besides Aristotle, he draws on Avicenna, Galen, Ambrose (!) and others, including Thomas of Cantimpré. Thus, his work is made up mainly of the ancient written material. Moreover, Albert is kept from a natural view of his subject through the need he feels to measure animals by the standards of human capacity, and learn to know them through knowing man." Henry Osborn Taylor, "The Medieval Mind," vol. II, p. 429, London, 1911.

Albin, Eleazer [1713-1759] The history of esculent fish. London, 1724. 4°. Pre-Linn. 1724.1

To this edition was appended Roger North's "A discourse of fish and fish-ponds" first published 1713.

For another edition, 1794, see Albin, E., 1794.1. Copy, A. M. N. H.

Icones piscium, cum nominibus latinis, anglicis et gallicis; cum figuris æneis. London, 1735-41. 4°.

Pre-Linn. 1735.1

Albrecht, Johann Sebastian [16951774] Phoenix Germanus, oder Bilderpostill, darim über ein jedes Evangelium ein besonderes Thier vom Vögeln, Fischen, &c. vorgestellet wird. Francfort, 1670. 4°.

Pre-Linn. 1670.1

For a

Alciati, Andrea [1492-1550] biography and an estimate of Alciati's book, see Green, Henry, "Andrea Alciati and his book of emblems: a biographical and bibliographical study." London, 1872.

Emblemata. Augsburg, 1531. Pre-Linn. 1531.1 Often reprinted at least 174 eds., 15311749. In 1871, the Holbein Society published at Manchester a photolithograph facsimile reprint of the Lyons 1551 edition. The full title seems to be that for the 1581 edition.

· Omnia emblemata: cum commentariis, quibus emblematum omnium aperta origine, mens auctoris explicatur, & obscura omnia dubiaque illustrantur; per Claudium minoem divionensem. 3rd ed. Antverpiæ, Pre-Linn. 1581.1

1581.

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