HEYNE'S CHRONOLOGY OF AENEAS' SEVEN YEARS' WANDERINGS. 1. Troy, according to all accounts, was taken in the summer. 2. Aeneas spent the winter of this year in preparing for his voyage (III. 5 seq.). 3. He sails in the spring or summer of the second year (8), and spends the winter in Thrace, where he builds a city (13-18). 4. He leaves Thrace in the spring of the third year (69), and goes to Delos, and thence to Crete. 5. Two years are supposed to be consumed here in an attempt at colonization. 6. His stay at Actium brings him to the end of the fifth year (284-283). 7. The sixth year is spent partly in Epirus, partly in Sicily. 8. In the summer of the seventh year he arrives at Carthage (I. 755). 9. He probably leaves as the winter is drawing on (IV. 309–10). POSTQUAM res Asiae Priamique evertere gentem Immeritam visum Superis, ceciditque superbum Ilium et omnis humo fumat Neptunia Troia, Diversa exsilia et desertas quaerere terras Auguriis agimur divûm, classemque sub ipsa 2. Visum Superis. Cf. II. 428 and note. 3. Ilium et Neptunia Troia. Cf. II. 624-5. Note the parallelism of expression between these two passages. In the one (II. 624), Ilium is described as sinking (considere), while in the pas sage before us the same thought is expressed in cecidit. Troy, in the one, is overthrown from her very foundations (ex imo verti), and in the other is burnt to the ground (humo fumat). 5 4. Diversa exsilia. Note three possible readings: (1) remote (i. e. from Troy); (2) different, i. e. there may have been different bands of exiles (cf. I. 242); (3) exile under changing conditions (cf. I. 204). Desertas. It must be remembered that as yet Aeneas knows nothing of Italy except its general direction. 5. Auguriis agimur divům. Cf. I. 382; II. 679-704. 8. Neptunia, 63. Antandro et Phrygiae molimur montibus Idae, Terra procul vastis colitur Mavortia campis, 6. Classem molimur. The building of this fleet is again incidentally referred to in IX. 80: Tempore quo primum Phrygia formabat in Ida Aeneas classem, et pelagi petere alta parabat ; and of the following prayer of Cybele for the preservation of these ships. 7. Incerti. But the shade of Creisa (II. 781) had told him that he was to go westward (terram Hesperiam). This pas sage is one of the evidences that the third book was left unfinished, and was never brought into entire harmony with the rest of the poem. Cassandra also had foretold that the Trojans should go to Italy, but she, of course, was not believed (1. 185 seq.). 12. Penatibus et magnis dîs. For Penates, cf. I. 68, note. They are the divinities of Aeneas' own house, while the magni di are divinities of the state, as Juppiter, Apollo, etc. The Penates are almost synonymous with the home itself (I. 527; III. 15) Their worship constitutes a kind of " grace before meat (I. 704). But the state itself also, being but a family of larger growth (cf. Mommsen, Hist. Rome, vol. I. chap. 10 15 V.), has its Penates (II. 293; III. 148, 603; IV. 598; V. 62). They are worshipped in the innermost part (penus) of the house (II. 514). These gods were represented by images (II. 717, 747; III. 148). 15. Hospitium antiquum. The hospitium, or guest-friendship, was a relation of hospitality existing either between individuals (privatum) or states (publicum) among the nations of antiquity. Hospitality once enjoyed created a sacred tie between host and guest which must never be violated, even though the parties to the union be personal or political enemies. And not only was this relation binding between those who originated it, but it was transmitted from generation to generation. Thus Pallas (X. 460-63) claims Hercules' help on the ground of the hospitality which Hercules had once received at the hands of Pallas' father. The violation of the law of hospitality was impious, - a sin against the gods who made the law (I. 731). In the presen instance, because of the pollutum hospitium (60, 61), the land becomes accursed (scelerata). For the alliance between Troy and Thrace, says Conington, Wagner refers to Hom. I. II. 844. Dum fortuna fuit. Feror huc, et litore curvo inde Sanguineae manant, tamquam de vulnere, guttae. OVID, Met. II. 358-60. 16. Feror. Aeneas' passive resigna- | Et teneros manibus ramos abrumpit; at tion to the guidance of the fates, and his recognition of the gods, are strikingly illustrated in these lines (1-16); cf. l. 2, visum Superis; 1. 5, auguriis agimur; 1. 7 complete; 1. 9, dare fatis vela; 1. 11, feror; 1. 16, feror, 1. 17, fatis ingressus. 17. Moenia prima. What two interpretations of this passage are possible? Read in the light of the following pas sages: III. 8, prima aestas; I. 541, prima terra ; I. 372, prima ab origine. Also cf. V. 355, primam coronam; VII. 118, primam (vocem), "the first word." 19. Dionaeae. An epithet of Venus from her mother Dione. (II. V. 370.) This same epithet is applied to Caesar (Ecl. IX. 47), as claiming his descent from Venus. 28. This is a favorite "mirabile monstrum" with the poets. Non satis est; truncis avellere corpora tentat He drew his sword at length, and with full force Struck the tall tree; O wonderful! the As bursts a fountain from its sylvan source, 14. Lycurgo, 106.-28. Huic, 101. — Sanguine, 134. Et terram tabo maculant. Mihi frigidus horror 30 35 40 45 74. Ovid gives the same account as Vergil (Met. XIII. 429-438): Est, ubi Troia fuit, Phrygiae contraria tellus Bistoniis habitata viris. Polymnestoris illic Regia dives erat, cui te commisit alendum Clam, Polydore, pater, Phrygiisque removit ab armis; Consilium sapiens, sceleris nisi praemia Adiecisset opes, animi irritamen avari. ensem Rex Thracum, iuguloque sui demisit alumni; 36. Secundarent, 169. - 39. Eloquar, an sileam? 208.-44. Crudeles terras, litus avarum, 237. |