predecessor's materials without always stating where this has been done; though the direct loan of either a good observation or a learned quotation, which it would have been difficult to find without his aid, has always been acknowledged. Greater than to Stallbaum and the Variorum notes are the obligations the present editor owes to the excellent edition of Christian Cron with German notes: of this the first and third editions have been used ; a fourth was published, while the present book was in the press, but it has not been consulted. Although Stallbaum is right in describing this edition (p. 48 of his 'Prolegomena') as 'tironibus destinata', we venture to assert that there is more thought and originality in Cron's edition than in Stallbaum's; and a great deal of what will be found useful in our edition is derived from Cron. Besides Cron, only one more editor should be mentioned who has really done good service in the explanation and criticism of the Apology, viz., the late Mr J. Riddell, whose edition was, after his death, published at the Clarendon Press. Such as it is, it is the most original edition of the Apology published for the last century; but unfortunately the work is, in many parts, quite imperfect, and at all events it cannot be said that it contains a complete exegetical commentary on the Apology.

It is hoped that this work will be found useful by those who commence their study of Plato with the two pieces contained in it, as it is for their wants that the notes are intended.

HAMPSTEAD HEATH,

March 8th, 1869,

[and HAMBURG,

November 8th, 1874.]

ΑΠΟΛΟΓΙΑ ΣΩΚΡΑΤΟΥΣ.

17

Ι. Ὅ,τι μὲν ὑμεῖς, ὦ ἄνδρες Αθηναῖοι, πεπόνθατε ὑπὸ τῶν ἐμῶν κατηγόρων, οὐκ οἶδα· ἐγὼ δ ̓ οὖν καὶ αὐτὲς ὑπ ̓ αὐτῶν ὀλίγου ἐμαυτοῦ ἐπελαθόμην· οὕτω πιθανῶς ἔλεγον. καίτοι ἀληθές γε, ὡς ἔπος εἰπεῖν, οὐδὲν εἰρήκασι. μάλιστα δὲ αὐτῶν ἓν ἐθαύμασα τῶν 5 πολλῶν ὧν ἐψεύσαντο, τοῦτο ἐν ᾧ ἔλεγον ὡς χρὴ ὑμᾶς εὐλαβεῖσθαι, μὴ ὑπ ̓ ἐμοῦ ἐξαπατηθῆτε, ὡς δεινοῦ ὄν Β τος λέγειν. τὸ γὰρ μὴ αἰσχυνθῆναι, ὅτι αὐτίκα ὑπ ̓ ἐμοῦ ἐξελεγχθήσονται ἔργῳ, ἐπειδὰν μηδ ̓ ὁπωστιοῦν φαίνωμαι δεινὸς λέγειν, τοῦτό μοι ἔδοξεν αὐτῶν ἀναι το σχυντότατον εἶναι, εἰ μὴ ἄρα δεινὸν καλοῦσιν οὗτοι λέγειν τὸν τἀληθῆ λέγοντα· εἰ μὲν γὰρ τοῦτο λέγουσιν, ὁμολογοίην ἂν ἔγωγε οὐ κατὰ τούτους εἶναι ῥήτωρ. οὗτοι μὲν οὖν, ὥσπερ ἐγὼ λέγω, ἤ τι ἢ οὐδὲν ἀληθὲς εἰρήκασιν· ὑμεῖς δ ̓ ἐμοῦ ἀκούσεσθε πᾶσαν τὴν ἀλή- 15 θείαν. οὐ μέντοι μὰ Δί ̓, ὦ ἄνδρες Αθηναῖοι, κεκαλ λιεπημένους γε λόγους, ὥσπερ οἱ τούτων, ῥήμασί τε Ο καὶ ὀνόμασιν, οὐδὲ κεκοσμημένους, ἀλλ ̓ ἀκούσεσθε εἰκῇ λεγόμενα τοῖς ἐπιτυχοῦσιν ὀνόμασι· πιστεύω γὰρ δίκαια εἶναι ἃ λέγω, καὶ μηδεὶς ὑμῶν προσδοκησάτω 20

6 χρῆν Bodl. but r as it seems in an erasure; so also Bekk. Stallb. and the other editors: χρὴ “ΦC et corr B”, ie. only late mss. See Crito 45D, and exeg. comm. 14 ἤ τι ἢ om. in Bekker's text, but the Bodl. has ἢ τὶ (corr. τί), and Bekk. himself adopts this in his notes. Perhaps ἀληθὲς is only a gloss from p. 2, 24. 15 δ ̓ ἐμοῦ Bekk.: δέ μου the mss.

W. Ρ.

1

ἄλλως· οὐδὲ γὰρ ἂν δήπου πρέποι, ὦ ἄνδρες, τῇδε τῇ ἡλικίᾳ ὥσπερ μειρακίῳ πλάττοντι λόγους εἰς ὑμᾶς εἰσιέναι. καὶ μέντοι καὶ πάνυ, ὦ ἄνδρες Αθηναῖοι, τοῦτο ὑμῶν δέομαι καὶ παρίεμαι· ἐὰν διὰ τῶν αὐτῶν 5 λόγων ἀκούητέ μου ἀπολογουμένου, δι ̓ ὧνπερ εἴωθα λέγειν καὶ ἐν ἀγορᾷ ἐπὶ τῶν τραπεζῶν, ἵνα ὑμῶν πολλοὶ ἀκηκόασι, καὶ ἄλλοθι, μήτε θαυμάζειν μήτε θορυ- D βεῖν τούτου ἕνεκα. ἔχει γὰρ οἱτωσί. νῦν ἐγὼ πρῶτον ἐπὶ δικαστήριον ἀναβέβηκα, ἔτη γεγονὼς πλείω ἑβδο 10 μήκοντα· ἀτεχνῶς οὖν ξένως ἔχω τῆς ἐνθάδε λέξεως. ὥσπερ οὖν ἄν, εἰ τῷ ὄντι ξένος ἐτύγχανον ὤν, ξυνεγιγνώσκετε δήπου ἄν μοι, εἰ ἐν ἐκείνῃ τῇ φωνῇ τε καὶ τῷ 18 τρόπῳ ἔλεγον, ἐν οἷσπερ ἐτεθράμμην, καὶ δὴ καὶ νῦν τοῦτο ὑμῶν δέομαι δίκαιον, ὥς γέ μοι δοκῶ, τὸν μὲν 15 τρόπον τῆς λέξεως ἐᾶν—ἴσως μὲν γὰρ χείρων, ἴσως δὲ βελτίων ἂν εἴηαὐτὸ δὲ τοῦτο σκοπεῖν καὶ τούτῳ τὸν νοῦν προσέχειν, εἰ δίκαια λέγω ἢ μή· δικαστοῦ μὲν γὰρ αὕτη ἀρετή, ῥήτορος δὲ τἀληθῆ λέγειν.

II. Πρῶτον μὲν οὖν δίκαιός εἰμι ἀπολογήσασθαι, 20 ὦ ἄνδρες Αθηναῖοι, πρὸς τὰ πρῶτά μου ψευδῆ κατηγορημένα καὶ τοὺς πρώτους κατηγόρους, ἔπειτα δὲ πρὸς τὰ ὕστερα καὶ τοὺς ὑστέρους. ἐμοῦ γὰρ πολλοὶ κατή- Β γοροι γεγόνασι πρὸς ὑμᾶς καὶ πάλαι πολλὰ ἤδη ἔτη καὶ οὐδὲν ἀληθὲς λέγοντες, οὓς ἐγὼ μᾶλλον φοβοῦμαι 25 ἢ τοὺς ἀμφὶ ̓́Ανυτον, καίπερ ὄντας καὶ τούτους δεινούς· ἀλλ ̓ ἐκεῖνοι δεινότεροι, ὦ ἄνδρες, οἳ ὑμῶν τοὺς πολλοὺς ἐκ παίδων παραλαμβάνοντες ἔπειθόν τε καὶ κατηγό ρουν ἐμοῦ, ὡς ἔστι τις Σωκράτης, σοφὸς ἀνήρ, τά τε

6 καὶ ἐπὶ Bodl. 8 πλείω om. Bodl. and three other mss.; but see the commentary. 14 ως γέ μοι Bodl., ὡς γ' ἐμοὶ Bekk. with DS. 15 γάρ τι Bekk., but τι om. Bodl. and most mss. 28 After ἐμοῦ the Bodl. and other good mass. add μᾶλλον οὐδὲν αληθές, though μάλλον is om. in some mss., which Bekk. follows: Hermann brackets the whole expression, Cron omits it altogether.

μετέωρα φροντιστὴς καὶ τὰ ὑπὸ γῆς ἅπαντα ἀνεζητη κὼς καὶ τὸν ἥττω λίγον κρείττω ποιῶν. οὗτοι, ώ Ο άνδρες Αθηναίοι, οἱ ταύτην τὴν φήμην κατασκευάσαντες, οἱ δεινοί εἰσί μου κατήγοροι· οἱ γὰρ ἀκούοντες ἡγοῦνται τοὺς ταῦτα ζητοῦντας οὐδὲ θεοὺς νομίζειν. 5 ἔπειτά εἰσιν οὗτοι οἱ κατήγοροι πολλοὶ καὶ πολὺν χρόνον ἤδη κατηγορηκότες, ἔτι δὲ καὶ ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ ἡλικίᾳ λέγοντες πρὸς ὑμᾶς, ἐν ᾗ ἂν μάλιστα ἐπιστεύ σατε, παῖδες ὄντες, ἔνιοι δ ̓ ὑμῶν καὶ μειράκια, ἀτεχνῶς ἐρήμην κατηγοροῦντες ἀπολογουμένου οὐδενός. ὃ δὲ το πάντων ἀλογώτατον, ὅτι οὐδὲ τὰ ὀνίματα οἷόν τε D αὐτῶν εἰδέναι καὶ εἰπεῖν, πλὴν εἴ τις κωμωδιοποιός τυγχάνει ὤν· ὅσοι δὲ φθόνῳ καὶ διαβολῇ χρώμενοι ὑμᾶς ἀνέπειθον, οἱ δὲ καὶ αὐτοὶ πεπεισμένοι ἄλλους πείθοντες, οὗτοι πάντες ἀπορώτατοί εἰσιν· οὐδὲ γὰρ 15 ἀναβιβάσασθαι οἷόν τ ̓ ἐστὶν αὐτῶν ἐνταυθοῖ οὐδ ̓ ἐλέγξαι οὐδένα, ἀλλ ̓ ἀνάγκη ἀτεχνῶς ὥσπερ σκιαμα χεῖν ἀπολογούμενόν τε καὶ ἐλέγχειν μηδενὸς ἀποκρινομένου. ἀξιώσατε οὖν καὶ ὑμεῖς, ὥσπερ ἐγὼ λέγω, διττούς μου τοὺς κατηγόρους γεγονέναι, ἑτέρους μὲν 20 Ε τοὺς ἄρτι κατηγορήσαντας, ἑτέρους δὲ τοὺς πάλαι, οὓς ἐγὼ λέγω, καὶ οἰήθητε δεῖν πρὸς ἐκείνους πρῶτόν με ἀπολογήσασθαι· καὶ γὰρ ὑμεῖς ἐκείνων πρότερον ἠκούσατε κατηγορούντων, καὶ πολὺ μᾶλλον ἢ τῶνδε τῶν 19 ὕστερον. εἶεν· ἀπολογητέον δή, ὦ ἄνδρες Αθηναίοι, 25 καὶ ἐπιχειρητέον ὑμῶν ἐξελέσθαι τὴν διαβολήν, ἣν ὑμεῖς ἐν πολλῷ χρόνῳ ἔσχετε, ταύτην ἐν οὕτως ὀλίγῳ χρόνῳ. βουλοίμην μὲν οὖν ἂν τοῦτο οὕτω γενέσθαι, εἴ τι ἄμεινον καὶ ὑμῖν καὶ ἐμοί, καὶ πλέον τί με ποιῆ

4 ἀκού6 πολὺν ἤδη 28 οὕτως

3 oi om. the mss., Bekk. Stallb. : added by Hermann. οντες margo Bodl., ἀκούσαντες Bodl. in the text. χρόνον Bekk. against the authority of the best mss. Bodl.