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of Father Duncan's wise advice-the use of Marsden by the plotters in selfish and baseless attacks on Father Duncan-the clandestine organization of the plotters to create discontent at Metlakahtlathe faked native petitions fabricated by the plotters, with the report of the Bureau of Standards demonstrating the spurious character of these writings-and the cooperation of Bureau agents in the use of these faked native petitions to deceive the Government.

Following the reorganization of the Alaska Division of the Bureau of Education in 1908, the politico-sectarian intrigues of the Bureau plotters continued and ripened into a conspiracy, now of long standing, in violation of section 37 of the Criminal Code of the United States in the following particulars:

(1) To administer the act of March 3, 1891, which created Annette Islands Reserve, contrary to the true intent and policy of Congress.

(2) To deceive and mislead the Government of the United States by furnishing false information and fictitious reports to its constituted authorities.

(3) To suppress and conceal vital facts from the constituted authorities of the United States.

(4) To deprive the United States of the efficient and unbiased services and judgment of agents and officials of the Government, charged with the duty of properly and correctly informing and advising the Secretary of the Interior.

The ripening of intrigues into a conspiracy to deceive and mislead the Secretary of the Interior in matters pertaining to Annette Islands Reserve by means of false information contained in untrue and misleading documents and fictitious reports filed in the Department of the Interior will be shown in the chapter now under consideration (ch. III: Conspiracy); and, thereafter, the conspiracy in its various ramifications may be traced by documentary evidence presented in the several chapters that follow.

For the laws violated by the Bureau plotters in the invasions, seizures, and other illegal conduct on Annette Islands Reserve, and for the controlling decisions of the courts in regard to the illegality of, and penalties for, such lawless acts.

SECTION 24. A WOLF IN SHEEP'S CLOTHING

Arctander and Mitchell unite with Bureau plotters. Arctander seeks to ingratiate himself with Father Duncan and obtain a position in his mission. Honeyed words of Arctander professing friendship and loyalty to Father Duncan. Arctander attempts to induce Father Duncan to invest his mission funds in "wildcat" mining scheme. Arctander's duplicity exposed. Father Duncan refuses to invest his mission funds in Arctander's mining adventure. Arctander's "The Apostle of Alaska" an unauthorized biography. Father Duncan protests against the erroneous statements in Arctander's book. Collusion between Arctander and agents of Bureau of Education. Arctander and the secret code used by agents of Bureau of Education. Secret code words of the Bureau plotters. Arctander's designs to succeed Father Duncan as head of the mission. Natives discover in Arctander a "wolf in sheep's clothing." Disbarred by the Supreme Court of two States Arctander's false allegations still accepted by Department of Interior

ARCTANDER AND MITCHELL UNITE WITH BUREAU PLOTTERS

Amond the adventurers who joined in the plot to undermine Father Duncan and exploit Annette Islands and the Metlakahtlans was John

W. Arctander, an attorney who previously had been suspended from the practice of the law by the Supreme Court of the State of Minnesota for "falsifying public documents" (In re John W. Arctander, 26 Minn. 25), and who, later, was disbarred from the practice of law by the Supreme Court of the State of Washington for "unpatriotic, unethical, and unprofessional conduct" (In re John W. Arctander, 110 Wash. 296).

From 1904 to February 16, 1910, when William T. Lopp received his appointment as Superintendent of Education of Natives of Alaska, Arctander spent much time and effort in attempting to ingratiate himself with Father Duncan and to induce him to give him employment in the mission and to entrust him with the management of various business affairs connected with the mission.

On June 9, 1908, before Arctander's real character was revealed, he was instrumental in causing Father Duncan to engage the services of Bertram G. Mitchell as a teacher in the mission school. (See Lopp report, Jan. 14, 1911, p. 10.)

In this position, until he left Metlakahtla about a year and a half later, Mitchell acted as a secret informer, cooperated with Marsden, incited the natives, spread false propaganda in regard to Metlakahtla, and reported to officials of the Bureau of Education.

During the time Mitchell was in Father Duncan's employ at Metlakahtla, he was writing to the Bureau agents a series of letters containing untrue allegations, excerpts from which, after careful elimination of the parts that would have exposed Mitchell's duplicity, were attached as exhibits to the Loop report.

Later, untrue and grossly misleading statements by Arctander, Mitchell, and Marsden were used in the Lopp report and in other unreliable and fictitious departmental reports by which the Secretary of the Interior was grossly deceived and misled as to the true conditions at Metlakahtla.

ARCTANDER SEEKS TO INGRATIATE HIMSELF WITH FATHER DUNCAN AND OBTAIN A POSITION IN HIS MISSION

After Arctander first sought the acquaintanceship of Father Duncan, in 1994, he spent several years seeking to win his confidence and favor by assuming an attitude of religious devotion and professing a self-sacrificing desire to assist him.

For a time Father Duncan was deceived and named Arctander as one of the executors of his last will and testament, but this testamentary writing was revoked and rewritten when Arctander's real character and duplicity were discovered.

All the while Arctander, professing loyalty and admiration for Father Duncan, was, like Marsden, secretly and treacherously working to betray hím, to deprive him of possession of his property, and to throw open Annette Islands Reserve to the use of exploiters.

The following excerpts from documents written by Arctander, at that time claiming Minneapolis, Minn., as his residence, will show some of his attempts to get a foothold on Annette Islands and to have a hand in the management of the funds with which Father Duncan. supported and provided for the perpetuation of his mission.

HONEYED WORDS OF ARCTANDER PROFESSING FRIENDSHIP AND LOYALTY TO

FATHER DUNCAN

Letter from John W. Arctander to Father Duncan, September 6, 1904:

* Many years must leave their snow in my hair and in my heart, before I shall forget the glorious hours which I was by our gracious Lord allowed to spend in your company, contemplating your work and all what you have gone through.

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Asking to be remembered to Mr. and Mrs. Wallace [assistants at Father Duncan's Mission] and begging you to remember me in your prayers once in a while when you go to the throne of God, I remain

Letter from John W. Arctander to Father Duncan, October 17, 1904:

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I cannot tell you how often my thoughts go back to Metlakahtla and your kind own self. That week was certainly one of the most beautiful ones in my life. The thought often comes into my heart, how much I would give to be able to be with you and be of some assistance to you in your beautiful work. It seems to me I could imagine no more beautiful ending to the evening of my life than this; but I suppose that would be too good for me.

One thing, however, I feel privileged to do and that is to remember you and your glorious work in my prayers and I hope that you will not forget me when you have a talk with the Father.

Letter from John W. Arctander to Father Duncan, December 22, 1904:

More than a thousand thanks are due from me to you both for your great kindness * * *. I put this matter entirely in the hands of my Father, and when it was shown that He did not want it for me, I did not feel the least bit put out about it [a Federal judgeship in Alaska]. In fact, you will understand that the salary is less than what my income amounts to here, but I had three objects in mind:

First, the climate of southeastern Alaska seems to be just what I need to keep my health beyond attack. Second, I felt that if I could come there as Judge I might exercise a Christian influence much larger in its sphere than what I can do here as a common lawyer; and that in that way I could have done something for my Master. Thirdly, I have been disgusted with the way that I have seen the Indians treated in southeastern Alaska by the commissioners, marshals, etc. (vide the treatment of your Indians who had little stores) and I thought that I might do something to remedy this wrong.

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As to the bill in Congress which you mention, will say that I will be most happy to lend you all the assistance in my power to fight it. I think I could go down to Washington and go before the committee and in eloquent language lay before them the work you have done and the positive injury and possible ruin it would be to this work to allow anybody to invade the island, so if you feel it inconvenient to leave to go to Washington, you can command my services in that regard free of charge *

Letter from John W. Arctander to Father Duncan, March 11, 1905:

I note what you say about not having any white foreman. I don't know but what you will have to get me to come up and be foreman for you. But all joking aside, have you secured anybody in place of Mr. Boyd? If you have not, consider me an applicant provided I can sell my house here this summer, which I hope to be able to do. * * * It may be foolish for a man in my position, but the more I think of it the greater longing I have for being able to do something to assist you in your noble work. I am afraid you are a sorcerer and that you have charmed me

Letter from John W. Arctander to Father Duncan, October 6, 1905:

THE WILL

I note what you say in that letter about the two other trustees, and in drawing your will, which I hereby beg leave to enclose to you, I have left the names and residences of all three trustees in blank, as also that of the executor, so that you may, in your own hand writing, insert the names of all of them.

While I should be glad to serve you in any capacity, I am anxious that you should not consider me as desiring to butt in, or to take a place which other friends of yours are perhaps more entitled to, and which they might fill more creditably. I am yours to use, if there are none better, that is all.

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in pursuance of the suggestion you once made to me last summer, that if I should ever come across someone, which seemed suitable, I should let you know, I have prayed for guidance and help, and I believe God has heard my prayer, and has put me onto the right people for your assistants. It came to me like an inspiration one night, to speak to

Or, inasmuch as I now am studying medicine, and according to the professors here, with the knowledge I already have of it, would be able to practice successfully after this winter, I might come up there, and relieve you of that part of your work.

*

Most sincerely, your devoted admirer,

JNO. W. ARCTANDER.

Letter from John W. Arctander to Father Duncan, November 29, 1905:

I appreciate what you say about the necessity of having a doctor who can also teach, and I will certainly strain all efforts possible to see if I cannot, with God's help, find you the right man. It is a very hard thing to strike the happy combination, and one who I think would suit you and be suitable for the work.

DOCTOR

As I told you in a former letter, I am this winter studying very hard, medical science. Of course my business has been such as to make it necessary for me for the last 15 years, or more, to study medicine in its different phases, as it would come up in my damage cases, and on some subjects I suppose I know more about medicine than any doctor in the city who is not a specialist on that branch, but of course I had not studied diagnosis of the different diseases, nor therapeutics. This I am doing this winter, with the hope that I, if you will allow me to come and stay with you next summer, can relieve you of that part of the work, to-wit, of doctoring the sick, while I am there. ** * I would not only be glad to do what doctoring I could, but also would gladly undertake to relieve you in the school work, as far as I am able to do so, during the months of that time when school or night school might be running * * * Of course my studies of medicine do not go to the extent as to enable me to do any surgery work. I could not do this anyhow, as I have a morbid abhorrence for seeing blood or wounds. I am built so that the sight of bleeding wounds would almost make me melancholic for quite a time.

*

ARCTANDER'S "$50,000 FUND" BAIT TO CAPTURE FATHER DUNCAN

I have made up my mind that I want to do all in my power to raise a fund of $50,000, to be presented to you on the fiftieth anniversary of your first preaching to the Simpsean Indians; said fund to be presented to you for the purpose of being invested in such a way as you deem for the best interests of the work which you have so nobly carried on among these Indians

(This letter proceeds to advise Father Duncan in regard to his business affairs and recommends that he displace Kelley-Clarke Co. as agents to dispose of the output of his salmon cannery and that he allow Arctander to assist him in affairs relating to Annette Islands Reserve.)

I was very sorry that you could not see your way through to let me help you with disposing of your salmon, in the way which I suggested.

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Now I beg your pardon for speaking about these matters. My advice has not been asked, and perhaps I have no business to offer it, but I thought I would give you the information I have for what it is worth. If it can be of any benefit to you, why you know that I am glad to give it to you, even though it might seem that I am putting my nose where I have no business to do so, but my interest for you and in you will serve as an excuse for seemingly protruding my services and information where it might not be wanted.

Letter from John W. Arctander to Father Duncan, December 30, 1905 (written at Christiania, Norway):

Allow me to thank you for the many favors and kindness extended by you to me in the year, which now is drawing to a close, and to wish you from the bottom of my heart a happy and prosperous new year. May God bless Metlakahtla extraordinarily in this new year, which now is dawning upon us, and look in the coming year with special favor on your grand work.

People, whom I here have been telling about your great work, stand almost mute in admiration of your great life work.

Letter from John W. Arctander to Father Duncan, February 15, 1906:

I learned from a letter from Mr. Wallace that he and Mrs. Wallace intend to take a trip to Europe next summer, and Mrs. Aretander authorized me to offer her services to you as housekeeper in Mrs. Wallace's absence. without pay or promise of reward, except such as she will receive in knowing that you feel pleased with her humble services. We both know of no higher ambition than to be able to do a little towards serving you in your great work. We both agree upon the fact that we know no greater man in the world than yourself.

* * *

ARCTANDER ATTEMPTS TO INDUCE FATHER DUNCAN TO INVEST HIS MISSION FUNDS IN "WILDCAT" MINING SCHEMES

While Father Duncan, for a time, placed confidence in Arctander, he discovered the crafty designs of this man who attempted to persuade him to invest in a "wildcat" mining scheme funds that Arctander knew Father Duncan was saving for the future support of his mission.

Through this scheme of Arctander a large number of persons later were victimized, as is partly told in the following letter to Father Duncan from James Wallace, for many years an assistant of Father Duncan, dated May 15, 1910:

This mining

* We also had a visit from Mr. Arctander speculation turned out the greatest fizzle I ever heard of. He raised $100,000 by lecturing. They bought a dredge for that amount, which took out $20 at a working cost of $200. So you can figure the profit. The high water on the Colorado River sank the dredge, so the stockholders haven't a cent coming to them. Mr. Arctander is afraid to go back to Minneapolis, as it seems that English syndicate, which you remember were to buy $100,000 stock, never existed, save in the fertile minds of some of the directors, so he is afraid of being arrested for obtaining money under false pretenses.

Through Father Duncan's keen insight, Arctander was unsuccessful in obtaining possession of Father Duncan's money, or of the savings of the natives, whom Arctander also besought to invest in his scheme.

The following excerpts from correspondence between John W. Arctander and Father Duncan disclose the intentions and duplicity of Arctander, one of the two principal witnesses upon whose statements

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