as you are already aware, that Dr. Sheldon Jackson has dominated the work, and I have just discovered that he is still in the pay of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions to the amount of $500 per year, as shown by exhibit 3.

The following letter from President Roosevelt to Hon. E. A. Hitchcock, Secretary of the Interior, in regard to the activities of Dr. Sheldon Jackson, is self-explanatory:

E. M.

THE WHITE HOUSE, Washington, June 11, 1906.

MY DEAR MR. SECRETARY: I am immensely impressed with Churchill's report and all the accompanying papers. They have worked a complete revolution in my sentiments. I shall be thankful to have you say this to Governor Hogatt, as I had told him that I was inclined to support the missionaries in this matter. I shall not ask for the details of alleged wrongdoing set forth in the report, as I suppose that will be dealt with as a matter of administrative discipline. It seems to me that the individual who took that mail contract should be treated very summarily, because his actions look like downright cheating.

I am glad you have called for a complete and thorough report from Governor Hoggatt as to this whole reindeer and educational matter. I feel as though Sheldon Jackson had, either wittingly or unwittingly, completely deceived me personally, now that I have seen Churchill's report.

Sincerely yours,

HON. E. A. HITCHCOCK,

THEODORE ROOSEVELT.

Secretary of the Interior.

THE RESIGNATION OF JACKSON

On April 18, 1907, Elmer E. Brown, Commissioner of Education, submitted the following recommendations to the Secretary of the Interior:

I beg to recommend the following changes in the Alaska Division of this office:

First, that Mr. Harlan Updegraff, Alaskan assistant, be designated as chief of the Alaska Division, beginning with the 1st day of May 1907, at a salary of $2,500 a year, and that he be directed to make the annual tour of inspection of schools and reindeer stations in Alaska for the year 1907.

Secondly, that Dr. Sheldon Jackson be continued as general agent of education in Alaska, under the direction of the Chief of the Alaska Division, at a salary from the 1st day of May 1907, at the rate of $2,400 per year, and that he be assigned to work in the Alaska Division at Washington.

After many complaints had been made against his administration of the affairs of the Bureau of Education in Alaska, followed by investigations, the resignation of Dr. Sheldon Jackson as general agent of education in Alaska became effective on July 30, 1908.

SUBORDINATES OF JACKSON IN MISSIONARY AND GOVERNMENT SERVICE CONTINUED IN OFFICE

When Dr. Sheldon Jackson's official connection with the Bureau of Education was terminated on July 30, 1908, he left in office his long time assistant, William Hamilton, and a force of teachers that he had placed in the Alaskan service of the Bureau of Education.

Dr. Jackson's former assistants who wrought most of the havoc. to the cause of education and evangelization in Alaska were first brought to Alaska as missionaries, and later, under his administration, were transferred to the Government's Alaskan school service.

Among the men brought to Alaska under Dr. Jackson as missionary teachers were William T. Lopp, William G. Beattie, and Charles W. Hawkesworth, all of whom were placed in positions in the Alaska Division of the Bureau of Education, where they became active in the plot to destroy the Metlakahtla Christian Mission.

WILLIAM HAMILTON, BUREAU ASSISTANT TO JACKSON, CONTINUED IN OFFICE

William Hamilton for 18 years acted as Dr. Jackson's assistant, receiving his appointment in 1890, and after that time he was continued in office as Assistant United States General Agent of Education for Alaska, or Assistant Chief of the Alaska Division of the Bureau of Education, from which office he was retired in 1932, after the education of natives of Alaska was transferred to the Commissioner of Indian Affairs.

The circumstances of the appointment of William Hamilton as Assistant Chief of the Alaska Division of the Bureau of Education, are thus stated in a biography, Sheldon Jackson, by Robert Laird Stewart, pages 372-373:

*

Says the author of Alaska for Juniors, "I think we owe it to Dr. Jackson that wherever missionary work is established in Alaska, there the Government establishes a school in connection with it."

*

The development of the work up to this point made it necessary to have an assistant and the Commissioner of Education was authorized to make the appointment. Upon the recommendation of Dr. Jackson, Mr. William Hamilton, ** * was made assistant general agent, and entered at once upon the duties of his office. Through all these agencies, operating in unison, the way was prepared for the better days to come.

During William Hamilton's many years of continuous service as the Assistant Chief of the Alaska Division of the Bureau of Education, he is credited with seven tours of inspection of the Government's schools throughout Alaska,' but, so far as the records have disclosed, he has not in any instance disapproved of the outrages perpetrated by agents of the Bureau of Education, which became so flagrant that a Federal grand jury recommended that the treatment of William Duncan by the Bureau of Education should be investigated.

LOPP SUCCEEDS JACKSON AS CHIEF OF THE ALASKA DIVISION OF THE BUREAU OF EDUCATION

On March 13, 1890, Dr. Jackson published in the newspapers a call for missionaries to assist him in his work, and among those who responded was William T. Lopp, who became a missionary teacher under Dr. Jackson in 1890.2

Upon the termination of Dr. Jackson's service as head of the Alaska Division of the Bureau of Education, he was temporarily succeeded by Harlan Updegraff, until the appointment of William T. Lopp, on February 16, 1910, under the title of "Superintendent of education of natives of Alaska."

1 Who's Who in America, vol. 12.

Sheldon Jackson, by Robert Laird Stewart, p. 376.

The following is a record of Lopp's service in connection with the Alaska Division of the Bureau of Education:

LOPP'S MISSIONARY AND GOVERNMENT SERVICE IN ALASKA

1890-1904: Missionary teacher and superintendent of reindeer stations at Cape Prince of Wales, and so forth.

1904-10: Superintendent of schools and reindeer stations of the northwestern district of Alaska.

1910-23: Superintendent of education of natives of Alaska and Chief of Alaska Division of Bureau of Education, with headquarters at Seattle, Wash.

1923 (September): Displaced as Chief of Alaska Division and transferred to Reindeer Service at Anchorage, Alaska.

1925 (Jan. 10): Dismissed by the Secretary of the Interior “for the good of the service."

Shortly after he became head of the schools of the Bureau of Education in Alaska, a position which had been occupied by Dr. Sheldon Jackson for 23 years (Apr. 11, 1885, to July 30, 1908), and temporarily by Harlan Updegraff (from about May 1, 1907, to Feb. 15, 1910), Lopp began the preparation of his report to the Commissioner of Education that contemplated the invasion of Father Duncan's world famous mission village at Metlakahtla.

Lopp continued to hold his position as head of the Alaska Division of the Bureau of Education until President Harding's visit to Alaska, after which he was demoted; and, finally, by order of the Secretary of the Interior, dated January 6, 1925, and made effective 4 days later, Lopp's employment in the Department of the Interior was terminated, as announced by the Honorable Hubert Work, Secretary of the Interior, "for the good of the service."

CONDIT A SUCCESSOR OF JACKSON AS GENERAL PRESBYTERIAN MISSIONARY

In 1914 Rev. James H. Condit, who had been associated with Dr. Jackson in missionary work in Alaska, was appointed general Presbyterian missionary, under the title of superintendent of the Presbyterian board of missions in Alaska, which position he occupied at the time of the seizure of Father Duncan's mission at Metlakahtla. In 1921, Dr. Condit became the principal of the Sheldon Jackson School at Sitka.

In 1898, as already shown, Marsden was placed in charge of Dr. Sheldon Jackson's mission at Saxman, where for a time he also was carried on the Government pay roll as a school teacher.

A continuation of the close relationship between the former subordinates and the educational and missionary successors of Dr. Jackson is shown by their correspondence, and the fact that affairs of "church and state" were not separated by the surrender of Dr. Jackson's dual position is indicated by the following expressions quoted from a letter written by Dr. James H. Condit, the representative in Alaska of the Presbyterian board of home missions, to William G. Beattie, superintendent of schools of the Southeastern District of Alaska, dated November 23, 1918:

All the above to the Presbyterian ear of you.

Now to the professional ear.

HOSTILE POLICIES OF THE BUREAU OF EDUCATION AGAINST THE METLAKAHTLA CHRISTIAN MISSION CONTINUED

After the reorganization of the Alaska Division of the Bureau of Education, in 1908, following scandals which President Roosevelt had condemned, the hostile policies against the Metlakahtla Christion Mission were continued with still greater vigor by Sheldon Jackson's successors, and his former subordinates and associates.

Through deceptions, misrepresentations, and intrigues of the Bureau plotters, the Department of the Interior was finally misled into supporting the policies of hositility maliciously propagated in the Bureau of Education against Father Duncan and the Metlakahtla Christian Church and Mission.

SECTION 23. THE PLOT WIDENS

Bureau of Education plans to appropriate fruits of Father Duncan's success. The platters and their motives. Intrigues ripen into conspiracy

BUREAU OF EDUCATION PLANS TO APPROPRIATE FRUITS OF FATHER DUSCAN'S SUCCESS

The Alaska Division of the Bureau of Education, after many years of educational work among the natives of Alaska, had not obtained in any of its schools a success comparable with that of Father Duncan at Metlakahtla; and its agents saw in this community an opportunity to build upon another's success and to claim credit for accomplishing "something of importance."

THE PLOTTERS AND THEIR MOTIVES

Besides the fact that most of the plotters had consorted at Dr. Sheldon Jackson's base at Sitka, there was an additional bond of attachment in a common motive actuating Marsden and the agents of the Bureau of Education in their attempt to oust Father Duncan from Metlakahtla and to arrogate to themselves the glory of his achievements.

In the fact that agents of the Bureau of Education coveted Father Duncan's success, we find one of the motives why they entered into the plot to destroy his mission school, seize the world renowned Metlakahtla Christian Mission and the property of the revered missionary, and ultimately to place in the hands of private interests the fisheries and other natural resources of Annette Islands Reserve

Letter from A. N. Thompson, superintendent of schools of the southeastern district of Alaska (1908-10), to Elmer E. Brown, Commissioner of Education (1906-11), May 6, 1909:

Knowing that the present school facilities at Metlakahtla are most inadequate, both as to equipment and as to teaching, as already reported; and knowing that the people at Metlakahtla have reached a stage in their development when something of importance can be, and should be, done for them, I most respectfully recommend the establishment of a Government school at Metlakahtla."

Letter from Elmer E. Brown, Commissioner of Education, 1906-11) to Harlan Updegraff (Chief of Alaska Division 1907-10), Sept. 17, 1909:

I bave read with much interest the letter from Mr. William Duncan of Metlakahtla, which you sent with your letter of September 3. It seems to me that this letter leaves the matter exactly where it was at the time that we went over it together at Denver: That is, that you will not think it best to press the matter of the establishment of a Government school at Metlakahtla in the face of Mr. Duncan's opposition, at least until a public sentiment in that direction is somewhat developed in southeastern Alaska.

which were set aside by Congress for the exclusive use of Father Duncan and his mission colony.*

The lack of success of the Bureau of Education in Alaska is proven by many official documents.

Elsewhere in this presentation of the facts is an array of official documents, arranged in parallel columns, showing in striking contrast the splendid achievements of Father Duncan and the failure of the Bureau of Education in their respective methods of dealing with the natives of Alaska.

The low morale which existed in the Alaska Division of the Bureau of Education and made it possible for plotters to carry out their schemes under the protection of Bureau agents, is shown by documentary evidence cited in Chapter XI and elsewhere.

The records disclose that the seizures of the property of Father Duncan and of the Metlakahtla Christian Mission, followed by the long-continued maladministration of the affairs of Annette Islands Reserve, are results of the activities of the following:

1. Agents of the United States Bureau of Education, who had nowhere attained a success in its schools comparable to that of Father Duncan at Metlakahtla, and who saw in this community an opportunity to build upon another's success.

2. Sectarians, who coveted the enviable reputation and the unparalleled success of Father Duncan's nonsectarian mission.

3. A crafty, intriguing, and self-seeking native (Marsden) who in his youth had been a member of Father Duncan's mission colony, but later was proselyted, educated, and appointed as missionary to the rival mission village at Saxman, Alaska, which was established and conducted as a joint school and missionary enterprise by the Bureau of Education and sectarian interests.

4. Adventurers and others having mercenary interests, who were prohibited by the law which created this special reserve from exploiting the fisheries and other natural resources of Annette Islands.

5. Government officials charged with the duty of protecting the interests of the Metlakahtlans, but who betrayed their trusts and protected the plotters by suppressing the evidence that would have disclosed to the Secretary of the Interior their misdoings.

6. Well-meaning persons and high Government officials, innocent of intentional wrong, who were deceived and misled by the plotters into furthering their nefarious schemes.

INTRIGUES RIPEN INTO CONSPIRACY

Evidence furnished in chapter II, sections 13 to 21, shows the beginning of the intrigues in the Bureau of Education against Father Duncan-the establishment of strategic headquarters at Saxman by the Bureau plotters-the vicious propaganda from plotters' headquarters at Saxman-the dismal failure of the Government school and the rival mission at Saxman-the spurning by Marsden

Letter from William T. Lopp, Chief of the Alaska Division of the Bureau of Education, to William G. Beattie, superintendent of schools of the southeastern district of Alaska, Feb. 13, 1916.

• before taking the responsibility of delaying further the decision to lease to Harris (the attorney said we should call it a contract') I wanted to get additional Information regarding our exclusive fishing rights in those waters. It is our present intention, if successful in securing exclusive fishng rights to the bays and 1,500 feet of the shore waters, for Metlakahtla, to try to secure the same for Hydaburg, Mowquakie, and others."