vel at it, those who have known of it; the good here is a result of his work.

The CHAIRMAN. In what year did he die?

Mrs. MINTHORN. 1918, the last of August. The children that have finished the eighth grade of the Government school greatly desired to go further. They were talking a little while ago about school and their desire for other education. Mr. Duncan himself had started to write out his troubles that were brought upon him by the Government, and he was so heartbroken over the troubles that had come and the division of the people of the town when Dr. Minthorn came up from his home in Oregon-he had been here several times before he found the old gentleman failing fast and he knew there must be some help.

He wrote 20 letters to 20 persons asking them for some suggestion or help. Two of those persons offered to come here and do something to help Mr. Duncan. I was one of them. Dr. H. S. Wellcome was another. He came from England and had been with Mr. Duncan in his trouble in British Columbia and his staunch friend ever since. He came and said, "You are too old and feeble to go to Washington and present what you want." His idea was to present the record of his troubles and ask for redress. So Mr. Wellcome took his work in that regard and he has been continuing it in the East to bring about redress. I offered to come as a missionary to help the women and children. I was married the day I arrived. Within 5 years my husband died. I was asked to go on alone, which I did until 3 years ago.

Dr. Wellcome, wishing to show kindness and help to some that had materially and helpfully aided Mr. Duncan, said, "I will help them through their children", and asked me to find a school where some children could attend after they passed the eighth grade. In the years since then I have been able, through his kindness as donor to select schools for these children, 17 of them, and to pay their expenses. Some have taken the high-school course, some have taken a year or two of college, and some business college. What is needed here is a high school, a junior college, 2 years, and business course. Our young people, with that advantage, can take their place as teachers, or in some business occupation. I should like to see that done.

Mr. Duncan in the last year I was here-the last year of his lifegrew more frail toward the end of the year. His heart was broken over the fact that for the second time he had had his work disrupted and the people had all but destroyed his mission, but it survives and lives today while all those who opposed it are not quite as successful, but the loss of the love and adherence of part of his people with continued persecution by Government employees, so wore on him that at the last he succumbed to an attack of apoplexy. I said to the physician, "Would he have lived longer if he hadn't had so much trouble?" And he said, "You know, he died of a broken heart." The CHAIRMAN. What age was he when he died?

Mrs. MINTHORN. Eighty-six. Later I spoke to Dr. Myers, who was also attending him, and he said, "Mr. Duncan's death was due to a broken heart." Someone said, "He died under a cloud." Mr. Duncan died with the glory of God on his face, but the Government has been left under the cloud for what they did to wreck his mission

and his life and his work and influence here. What the Government can do in the way of redress should be done speedily.

Senator FRAZIER. When did the Government interfere with Mr. Duncan's work?

Mrs. MINTHORN. It began in 1915, 1916, 1917. It was before 1917. The Government agent said to me in the home that we couldn't hold any religious service. Doctor and I were appointed successors to Mr. Duncan. We had been continuing meetings in the church; we were told we couldn't do that because the Government had taken over the church. I said that to President Harding at the time of meeting him on his trip. He said, "I want everybody in this room to know the Government has no right whatever to interfere in any religious services or any religious work." I said to the agent, "We will have prayer meetings in our own home." He said, "No; you are not allowed." I said, "Can we go to the homes of the natives and have meetings?" He said, "No; you cannot even pray with them in their own homes." Such was their attitude toward the religious side. Of course they took over the industries.

They said Mr. Duncan was insane; they made various accusations; made everything as hard as possible, but he didn't go until God took him.

The CHAIRMAN. Thank you for your statement. If you will provide that will for us, we will attach it to the record as part of your

statement.

(Will of William Duncan, inserted in connection with testimony of preceding witness, follows:)

In the name of God, amen. I, William Duncan, of Metlakatla, Alaska, of the age of 84 years, being of sound mind and body, but remembering the uncertain nature of this transitory life, do make this my last will and testament in manner and form as follows, to wit:

First. It is my will and I do order that all my just debts and funeral expenses be duly paid and settled as soon as can conveniently be done after my decease.

Second. Whereas it has always been my intention and desire to, as far as practicable, perpetuate the mission work which our most gracious Lord has permitted me as his humble instrument to conduct for the betterment and uplifting of the people of certain native tribes of the North Pacific coast, and in particular the Tshimsheans, whom upon my arrival in 1857 I found in a degraded state of heathenism; and

Whereas our Heavenly Father has with tender mercy blessed our efforts and many have been rescued from their dark and evil ways to the light of the simple gospel of our Redeemer, Jesus Christ; and

Whereas a large number of these people have attained to a creditable degree of Christian civilization and their material condition has been considerably improved; and

Whereas my experience and observation have convinced me that it is necessary in the case of our native races for them to have very careful guidance for some generations at least to secure the necessary self-restraint, self-respect, and self-reliance, and to create in them a spirit of manliness and pride so that they may make their own way and become entirely self-supporting and worthy of the rights of full citizenship; and

Whereas I have certain just claims against the Government of the United States on account of the destruction of industries and business and the seizure of buildings and other property; and

Whereas in the course of my said missionary work I have by my own labor and efforts acquired a certain amount of money and property which is my own property, but which I propose and intend shall be extended for the maintenance and support of said mission or similar work along the lines upon which I have so long conducted it;

Now, therefore, to carry such intent and purpose into execution, I hereby give and bequeath unto Thomas N. Strong, of the city of Portland, Oreg., and Dr. Benjamin Myers, H. C. Strong, of Ketchikan, Alaska, all of my property, real, personal, and mixed, and wheresoever situated.

In trust, however, for the carrying on and support of the religious, medical, and educational work in behalf of and for the use and benefit of the mission of the Christian Church of Metlakatla, Alaska, now being conducted at said Metlakatla, and such other institutions or for such other native people as they may hereafter deem wise or proper; under condition, however, that said medical, religious, and educational work shall always be carried on in the same spirit and as free from all sectarian influence as it has been my aim and endeavor during the past years to carry it on.

The said trustees shall be vested with the title and ownership and shall take to themselves all my property, real, personal, and mixed, with full power of sale or other disposition thereof, and shall invest and reinvest the same as such trustees shall deem best or as circumstances may make necessary, and apply it and the rents, issues, and profits thereof and of such investments to the maintenance, support, and upbuilding of said mission work or such similar work as they may hereinafter undertake. In the maintenance of such work I urge upon my said trustees that they shall encourage cleanliness in all things and orderliness and discipline; they shall encourage domestic virtues and habits of forbearance and obedience to, and respect of, parents; and shall train the young girls in domestic duties; that they shall encourage healthy sports and amusements; and the spirit of helpfulness to others who may be in distress or who may meet with misfortune. No alcoholic drinks shall be allowed, or dance halls or similar places of bad character, and the living of any of the people in adultery shall be sternly discouraged.

And to the end that the said trustees may have power to carry out as far as may be my intentions in this will, I do hereby declare that for such purpose I give to my said trustees full, free, and absolute power to formulate and carry into effect such or any scheme or schemes as they may deem advisable so as to give effect as nearly as possible to my wishes, and for such purpose to execute and do such acts and deeds as they may deem expedient in order to carry out what they, my trustees, shall decide to be my original desires and wishes, so as to make the same conformable to law; and in case any question shall arise between my trustees and any beneficiary in respect thereto or otherwise in regard to my estate, the decision of my trustees shall be final and binding; and I hereby declare that if it shall appear to my trustees or be decided by any court that any plan to carry out the provisions of this will adopted by said trustees is impracticable or inexpedient, my trustees shall be at liberty to reject the same and adopt new measures and plans; and

I declare that all moneys liable to be invested under this, my last will, may be invested in the name of the trustees or under their legal control, as to them shall seem expedient, in any good or substantial bonds or first mortgages which my trustees shall deem best. In case of loans on mortgages my trustees shall lend not more than one-half the value of such securities as certified by the valuer or valuers employed by my trustees. And I also declare that the trustees shall serve without compensation, but shall be repaid all traveling or other expenses and shall be at liberty to conduct the said business through other persons or parties or corporations to be formed by themselves or otherwise to whom they shall pay or give a reasonable support or compensation; and

I also declare that $20,000 of such funds shall be invested separately, and the income thereof shall constitute a fund to be known as the "benevolent fund." My trustees, at their absolute discretion, may make from this benevolent fund grants or contributions to members of the mission of the Christian Church at Metlakatla, Alaska, or elsewhere, in cases of distress and misfortune which may render them helpless or incapable of proper self-support.

If at any time my trustees shall consider that the need or desirability of such grants from the benevolent fund has ceased, then the $20,000 and the income thereof may be merged into the general fund.

I also declare that in case of the death or inability to act of any of said trustees, or if any of said trustees should desire to resign or decline to undertake said trust, that the remaining trustees shall appoint a trustee to take the place of such trustee not acting; and

I do hereby declare that in case any person whomsoever or any institution which shall take any benefit under this will shall take or attempt to take or support any adverse proceedings to set aside any of the provisions of this my

will, or shall set up any claim in respect of any of my property whatsoever or wheresoever situated, other than what is specifically given to any such person or institution by this my will, such person or institution shall thereby be deprived of such benefit as though no provision had been made for him, her, or them, or for such institution in this will; and

I do hereby declare that the said trustees shall have full power and authority over all said property and all the rents, issues, and profits through the said trust; and if at any time the said mission work at Metlakatla is carried on by the people connected with it in such manner as may not meet with the approval of my trustees, or it is without effect or beneficial results, then in such case the said trustees may apply the said property and all funds derived by them from the rents, issues, and profits thereof to other church and mission work of the same general character at said Metlakatla or at such other point or points in Alaska or elsewhere as they may deem best; and

Lastly, I nominate, constitute, and appoint the said Thos. N. Strong, of Portland, Oreg., Benjamin L. Myers and H. C. Strong, of Ketchikan, Alaska, to be the executors of this my last will and testament, and desire that all bonds to be given by them as such executors or trustees shall be paid for out of the funds of my said estate.

In witness whereof I hereunto set my hand and seal this 7th day of September, in the year of our Lord 1916.

WILLIAM DUNCAN [SEAL]

1

The above instrument, consisting of three pages, was at the date hereof signed, published, and declared by the said William Duncan, the testator herein named, as and for his last will and testament, in the presence of us, who, at his request and in his presence and in the presence of each other, have hereunto subscribed our name as witnesses thereto.

HENRY S. WELLCOME,

Scientific Chemist,

Residing at 10 Henrietta Street, London, England.
HENRY J. MINTHORN, M. D.,

Residing at Metlakatla, Alaska. CHARLES D. BOREN,

Residing at 547 East Thirty-ninth Street, Portland, Oreg.

[Certified copy]

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

D. C. Form No. 30

First District of Alaska, ss:

I, E. C. Austin, United States commissioner and recorder clerk of the United States District Court in and for the First District of Alaska, do hereby certify that the annexed and foregoing is a true and full copy of the original last will and testament of William Duncan, deceased, now remaining among the records of the said court in my office.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name and affixed the seal of the aforesaid court at Ketchikan, Alaska, this 8th day of September, A. D. 1933.

E. C. AUSTIN,

United States Commissioner and Recorder.

TESTIMONY OF ALONZO HAMBLET

(The witness was duly sworn and testified as follows:) The CHAIRMAN. State your full name for the record.

Mr. HAMBLET. Alonzo Hamblet.

The CHAIRMAN. Where do you reside?

Mr. HAMBLET. Ketchikan.

The CHAIRMAN. Are you an Indian?

Mr. HAMBLETT. I am part Indian. My mother was a Tsimpshean belonging to this tribe; my father was a Yankee from New York.

The CHAIRMAN. Have you resided at Ketchikan since your birth? Mr. HAMBLET. No; just the last 3 years.

The CHAIRMAN. Where were you born?

Mr. HAMBLET. Born in the State of Washington.

The CHAIRMAN. What is your business at the present time?

Mr. HAMBLET. I have no business; but my lifelong business has been marine engineer, steam engineer, and I have an ocean license as chief engineer I have carried for 30 years.

The CHAIRMAN. How long have you been in Alaska?

Mr. HAMBLET. Three years this time.

The CHAIRMAN. How long prior to that time did you reside in Alaska?

Mr. HAMBLET. About 40 years ago I was with Mr. Duncan and had charge of his school for a number of years and was his right-hand man in the mission work.

The CHAIRMAN. You have a statement you desire to present to the committee? Proceed in your own way and present such statement. (The witness then read the following statement:)

KETCHIKAN, ALASKA, July 11, 1936.

To the Subcommittee of the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs:

GENTLEMEN: When the First Lady of the Land was told about the pitiful outlook for the future of the natives of Alaska, she was deeply sympathetic and made careful inquiries into the question of the depletion of the salmon.

The statements were not exaggerated and we are prepared to prove beyond a shadow of a doubt that red-salmon streams once teeming with shining sockeyes are now so nearly fished out that it does not pay to fish them with seine boats. If the committee will go to these streams during the spawning season, they will see very few sockeyes. And if the traps are not abolished altogether not only the sockeyes but all other salmon will be depleted to a mere fraction of the amount caught in former years.

This happened in Puget Sound so that the voters were compelled to vote the traps out to conserve the salmon supply and prevent the total extermination of every kind of salmon.

Six years ago, when Commissioner Henry O'Malley was Commissioner of Fisheries for Alaska, he made the statement to Congress: "We are doing everything to conserve the salmon; we have got to preserve them because otherwise they would be destroyed. But if it continues with these traps there, you are going to destroy the whole salmon industry."

The result of that report of Mr. O'Malley's was the passage of the White bill authorizing the Bureau of Fisheries to enforce more stringent regulations, to save the salmon from total depletion.

Evidently the law is not being enforced for the big fish traps are allowed to catch all the salmon possible and the seine boats are catching less and less for the traps get practically all the salmon.

When the great canneries of Puget Sound years ago saw that the sockeyes were being wiped out, they sold their cannery stock to eastern people who knew nothing whatsoever about salmon, and these poor deluded people are still holding the bag.

When the sockeye salmon supply failed, Blaine, a city about the size of Ketchikan became a ghost town as far as salmon was concerned.

It is because we know what happened on Puget Sound and British Columbia that we are fighting for the total abolishment of fish traps in Alaska. We want the remedy applied before the salmon have entirely disappeared. We are asking for no new untried experiment for we have the concrete examples of Puget Sound and British Columbia.

British Columbia employs about three times the number of people to can 1,000,000 cases of salmon that the Alaskan canneries do and yet British Columbia prospers. The salmon supply is building up and they are able to sell their product for the same price as the Alaska packs and still make a satisfactory profit.

So the abolishment of the fish traps will give employment to all in Alaska and would take the residents off the relief roll.

On Puget Sound the seiners made a living wage last summer, and though there were all the seine boats in Shilshole Bay that had room to make a set, about 100 boats, there was such a large escapement that the spillway at the