Aiems.

"Some violent storm of ocean," i. e., some tempest. aging out at sea."--Euntes. "When on the point of departing." The ase of the present for the future participle is of rare occurrence in Virgil, and is only met with in the verb co. On the other hand, we have but two instances of the use of iturus by the poet, namely, En., vi., 680, and 758. (Wagner, Quæst. Virg., xxxix., 2.)

112-115. Præcipue quum jam, &c. Observe the art of Sinon in merely making this slight allusion to the horse, in order to excite the curiosity of the Trojans.-Trabibus acernis. In verse 16 it was ⚫ “sectâ abiete.”—Suspensi. "In deep suspense," i. e., doubtful what to do.-Eurypylum. A Grecian hero, mentioned by Homer, Il., ii., 734, and elsewhere.-Scitantem. We have adopted this reading, with Wagner and Jahn, as more elegant than scitatum, the lection of the ordinary text, and as resting also on the authority of numerous manuscripts. Wagner, who adduces many similar instances from other writers, explains mittimus Eurypylum scitantem, by “mutimus Eurypylum, isque scitatur."

116. Sanguine et virgine cæsá. "By blood and a virgin ɛlain," a e, by the blood of a virgin slain. Alluding to the sacrifice of Iphigenta at Aulis. (Consult Index of Proper Names.) Virgil here de viates from the common account, which makes the daughter of Agamemnon to have been carried off by Diana, and a hind to have been substituted by the goddess. The cut on the following page rep resents a painting from a wall at Pompeii, the subject of which is the sacrifice of Iphigenia, and which probably was copied in some degree from the famous painting of Timanthes. Calchas stands near the altar, holding the sacrificial knife; Diomede and Ulysses have Iphigenia in their grasp, and are about to place her on the altar; Aga memnon turns away his head enveloped in the folds of his mantle; while Diana is seen in the air, causing a nymph to bring to her the hind that is to be substituted for the maiden.

117-118. Quum primum Iliacas, &c. "When first ye came to the Trojan shores." A mere general allusion to the commencement of the war; not meaning that the maiden was sacrificed after the Grecian fleet had reached the coast of Asia. The scene of the fable was laid at Aulis in Greece.-Reditus. The plural is used as referring to the return of the chieftains to their several homes in Greece. -Animáque litandum Argolicâ. "And Heaven must be propitiated by a Grecian life." The full form is, vobis litandum est deos, "you must propitiate the gods." Litare is "to propitiate," or "appease by sacrifice," and is analogous to the Greek xaλλiɛpéw.

119-121. Quæ vox ut venit. "When this response came.".-Pet

sma ossa.

Cui fata parent "Through fear, for whom the fates may be preparing this; whom Apollo may demand," i. e., as the victim. We may suppose metuentium, or some equivalent term, to be understood before cui, though there is, in truth, no actual necessity for this.-Parent. Supply hoc, as referring to the animâ litandum Argolica.

123-125. Protrahit. 66 Drags forth.".- Quæ sint ea numina, &. "He demands (of him) what may be the pleasure of the gods in this case." More literally, "what this will of the gods may be," i. e., the will or pleasure of the gods, as shadowed forth by the response of the oracle.-Crudele canebant artificis scelus. "Foretold unto me the crue. wickedness of the artful plotter," i. e., the cruel plot which the artful Ulysses was maturing.-Et taciti ventura videbant. “And in the silence of their own bosoms saw the things about to come," i. e., saw plainly what my fate would be. Taciti is here equivalen to apud se, or secum

.86-127. Quinos. For quinque. The poets lisregard very comonly the distinction between distributive and cardinal numerals, and use the former, as in the present instance, for the latter.- L'ectusque." And dissembling." Tectus occurs frequently in this same sense in Cicero, and hence Ernesti explains it by "qui occultar con. cilia, negotia; dissimulat." (Clav., Cic., s. v.)- Prodere voce suâ. "To name." Literally, "to indicate by his voice."-Opponere. "To doom." Literally, "to expose."

129-131. Composito. "In accordance with previous compact." Put for ex or de composito.-Rumpit vocem. "He breaks silence" Et qua sibi quisque timebat, &c. "And the very things which each feared for himself, he endured with patience when turned off to the uin of one wretched individual," . e., when turned to effect the ru, &c.

132-133. Dies infanda. "The unhallowed day."-Mihi sacra pa rari. "The sacred rites began to be prepared for me, and the salted meal and fillets to be placed around my temples." Parari is the historical infinitive.-Salsa fruges, i. e., the mola salsa. or sacrificial cake, made of roasted barley-meal bruised and mixed with sait. Voss (ad Eclog., p. 429) informs us that the sals fruges or mola salsa of the Romans was different from the ovλorúraι of the Greeks. Virgil here ascribes to the Greeks the ceremonies that were observed at sacrifices among the Romans, a practice quite common to him. This mola salsa was sprinkled on the bead of the v.ctim before it was slain.-Vitta. Not only was the victim adorn

ed with garlands, but the persons offering the sacrifice generally wore them around their heads, and sometimes also carried them in their hands. The reference here is to those intended for the victum The preceding cut represents an ox thus adorned for sacrifice.

In the following we have back and front views of the heads of statues from Herculaneum, on which we perceive the bitta

134-136. Vincula.

"My bonds." The reference is, not to the vitte, as some suppose, but to the bonds by which, as a victim, he would be kept fettered until the day of sacrifice.-Limosoque lacu, &c. "And, through the night, I lay hid in a miry lake, screened from view amid the tall grass." More literally, "I lurked obscure amid the sedge."

Dum vela darent, &c. "Until they should give their sails (to the wind), if haply they intended to give them." We have followed the punctuation of the editions before that of Heyne appeared. This editor, who suspects that the words si forte dedissent form a spurious completion of an imperfect line, punctuates as follows: due vela, darent si forte, dedissent. The old pointing, however, is far su perior in melody, and, besides this, dedissent is here put for datur essent, the pluperfect subjunctive frequently taking the place of the neriphrastic future, as Wagner has shown, in both prose and poetry. 139-140. Fors. "Perhaps." Put for forsan.-Ad pœnas ob nostra, &c. "Will demand for punishment in my stead, on account o my escape." Observe the force of reposcent, "to demand in the place of another," analogous to avrairεiv.-Et culpam hanc, &c. "And will expiate this offence of mine by the death of those wretched ones." Piabunt is here equivalent to expiabunt, which itself takes the place of ulciscentur or punicnt.

141-143. Quod te oro. "I entreat thee, therefore." Quod is literally" on account of which," being in the accusative, and governed by propter understood.-Conscia veri. "Conscious of the truth," i e., witnesses of the truth of my words.-Per, si qua est, &c. "By whatever pure regard for what is just and right may still, as yet, remain anywhere among mortals." An elliptical expression The

all form would be as follows: per intemeratam fidem, si qua intemerata fides est, quæ restet adhuc usquam mortalibus. By pure regard for what is just and right, if there is any pure regard, &c., that may still, as yet, remain," &c.-Fides. We have followed the explanation of Heyne, who makes this word equivalent here to "justi rectique observantia."

6 to

145-149. His lacrymis. "Prompted by these tears of his."-Ultro. "Readily." Equivalent, as Heyne remarks, to "facili promptoque Exmo."-Arta vincula. "Close-confining cords," with which the shepherds had tied his arms behind his back. Arta old form for arcta.-Levari. To be removed." This verb properly means loosen" or "lighten;" here, however, "to remove."—Amissos hinc jam, &c. "Henceforth forget the Greeks whom you have lost," 1. c., your lost fatherland.-Mihique hæc edissere, &c. "And declar6 the truth unto me, asking these things (that follow)."

150-151. Quo molem hanc immanis equi, &c. With what view have they placed (here) this vast structure of a huge horse? Who was the author of the step? Or what object have they in view? what religious motive prompted, or what machine is it of war?" More literally, "what is the religious motive?" The meaning of the two latter interrogations, more freely expressed, is as follows: Is n a religious offering, or some engine of war? If the former, what motive of religion prompted such an offering? If the latter, what kind of engine is it?

152-155. Ille, dolis instructus, &c. "The other, practised in wiles and Grecian artifice." More literally, "well supplied or equipped with viles," &c.-Eterni ignes. "Ye never-dying fires (of th

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