of their walk and gait was also precisely alike, and that in short flights the movement of the wings had the same tremulous action before they alighted.-AUDUBON, Journal, vol. I, p. 24.

The spring song of the paltry starling:

Nunc sturnos inopes fringillorumque querellas
Audit et arguto passere vernat ager.
-MART. IX, 55, 7.

A list of harmful birds:

Non sturnus mihi graculusve raptor
Aut cornix anus aut aquosus anser
Aut corvus nocuit siticulosus:

Sed quod carmina pessimi poetae

Ramis sustineo laboriosis. -Priap. LXI, 10.

The farmers' planted fields forlorn,

Will make a poor return of corn,

And thievish birds wax fat, I fear,

Since all the scarecrows volunteer.-READ.
This done, behold,

The hideous shape is throned upon the field!
A figure built awry, with outstretched arms,
And, like a drunken maudlin, in the wind.

Flutters its rags, and frightens the pilfering crow.-READ.

Next the dawn

Falls gray and indistinct, upon a shape

Gaudily decked within the cornfield's midst,

Nodding its limbs to every breath of air.

The crow commander, from the hemlock's top,

Eyes the strange form askance; from greater height
Still looks, and as the object yet remains,

Leads off his legions to the neighboring field.-Street.

Men think, grim wight, his rags affright

The winged thieves from root and ear;

But on his hat pert sparrows light

Crows have been friends too long to fear!-CANTON.

The starling as one of the talking birds:

Huc doctae stipentur aves, quis nobile fandi
Ius Natura dedit: plangat Phoebeius ales
Auditasque memor penitus dimittere voces
Sturnus et Aonio versae certamine picae.

-STAT., Silv. II, 4, 16.

Cf. Plin. X, 59.

Habebant Caesaris iuvenes sturnum, etiam luscinias, Graeco atque Latine sermone dociles. Vid. also Aul. Gell. XIII, 20.

The song of the starling:

Dum turdus trucilat, sturnus tunc pusitat ore,
Sed quod mane canunt, vespere non recolunt.
-Anth. Lat. 762, 17.

STYMPHALIDES. Σrvuqaλides. Stymphalian birds. Mystical birds. For description and astronomical interpretation vid. Thompson, op. cit. s. v.

The slaying of the Stymphalian birds by Hercules:

En cernite, urbes, cernite ex illo Hercule

Quid iam supersit. Herculem agnoscis, pater?
Hisne ego lacertis colla Nemeaei mali
Elisa pressi? Tensus hac arcus manu
Astris ab ipsis detulit Stymphalidas?

-SEN., Herc. Oet. 1233.

Cf. Mart. IX, 101, 7. Stymphalidas astris abstulit.

Has hydra sensit, his iacent Stymphalides
Et quidquid aliud eminus vici malum.

-SEN., Herc. Oet. 1650.

Solitasque pennis condere obductis diem.
Petit ab ipsis nubibus Stymphalidas?

-SEN., Her. Fur. 243.

Vidit Hyppolyte ferox

Pectore e medio rapi

Spolium, et sagittis.

Nube percussa Stymphalis alto

Decidit caelo.-SEN., Ag. 847.

Cf. Verg., Aen. XI, 580; Sen., Herc. Oet. 17; Claud., De R. P. II,

Praef. 37; Anth. Lat. 641, 5.

No leaden thunder strikes the fowl in air,

Nor from my shaft the winged death do fear.

(An invitation into the country, -JANE TURELL (Kettell). in imitation of Horace.)

An eagle, sailing with sunward ken,

Receives from the heartless archer's bow

The envious arrow winged from below.-READ.

Your arrow stays the eagle's flight no more.-Sigourney.

The untamed eagles whom a shaft had brought
From highest heaven to her sandal'd feet.-SUTHERLAND.

And told her how the deadly instrument

Had brought to earth the fleetest footed deer
And birds that seem'd a speck against the sky.
-SUTHERLAND.

But suddenly, from unseen hand
In thicket hid, an arrow sped,
The noblest and the fairest bird
Fell from the sunlight, dead.-MACE.

My rifle for thy feast shall bring,
The wild swan from the sky.—Bryant.

She swam the lake or climbed the tree,

Or struck the flying bird in air.—WHITTIER.

The feathers of a Stymphalian bird used by Medea in an incantation:

Reliquit istas invio plumas specu

Harpyia, dum Zeten fugit.

His adice pinnas sauciae Stymphalidos

Lenaea passae spicula.-SEN., Med. 781.

Cf. Hyg. XXX. Aves Stymphalides in insula Martis quae emissis pennis suis iaculabantur sagittis interfecit.

Serv. ad Verg., Aen. VIII, 300. Stymphalides aves, quae alumnae Martis fuisse dicuntur, quae hoc periculum regionibus inrogabat, quod, cum essent plurimae volantes, tantum plumarum stercorumque de se emittebant, ut homines et animalia necarent, agros et semina omnia cooperirent.

Jocasta prays that she may be borne away by a Stymphalian bird:

Quis me procellae turbine insano vehens.
Volucer per auras ventus aetherias aget?
Quae Sphynx vel atra nube subtexens diem
Stymphalis avidis praepetem pennis feret?

Cf. Sen., Herc. Oet. 1390. Stymphalis.

-SEN., Phoen, 420.

Hinc feris clangoribus, Aetheria me

TERRANEOLA.

Ground-bird. Possibly the lark, xogvdałóg.

Exact identification of course impossible.

American parallels: Ground-bird, ground-sparrow.

Larcom: The Field-Sparrow.

A bit of folk bird nomenclature:

Avis, quam dicunt terraneolam rustici,

In terra nidum quia imponit scilicet.

-PHAED., Fab. Nov. XXX.

Where the ground-bird nests in the warm green shade.
-STRONG.

Nod o'er the ground-bird's nest.-BRYANT.

And, by the little ground-bird's nest,

He lays him down to sleep.-SARAH HELEN WHITMAN.

TETRAX. Tétoa. Identification doubtful.

The description in Athen. IX, (c. 58) 398, c-f seems to apply most closely to the Guinea-fowl. Cf. Thompson, op. cit. s. v. In the passage below the tetrar is taken (with a fair degree of probability) as the Capecaillie (Tetrao urogallus) by Longolius, op cit., but as a kind of Bustard by Gesner, op cit. s. v., who however emends dorsum in line twelve to collum. Ihm (Rhein. Mus. 52, p. 454 ff.) following Longolius, does not seem to me to have made good his contention that both the Tetrax and the Scolopax (vid. sup. s. v., Anth. Lat. 883, 884) are from Nemesianus. Both fragments seem curiously late in tone and view-point. The trapping of the tetrax with some description of the bird and its habits:

Et tetracem, Romae quem nunc vocitare taracem
Coeperunt. Avium est multo stultissima. Namque
Cum pedicas necti sibi contemplaverit adstans,
Immemor ipse sui tamen in dispendia currit.
Tu vero adductos laquei cum senseris orbes,
Appropera et praedam pennis crepitantibus aufer.
Nam celer oppressi fallacia vincula colli
Excutit et rauca subsannat voce magistri
Consilium et laeta fruitur iam pace solutus.
Hic prope Peltvinum radicibus Apennini
Nidificat, patulisque se sol obicit agris,

'Cf. the name 'Fool-hen' given to one of our mountain grouse in the Western States, and the 'Fool-duck' applied to the little Ruddy Duck. Such a title or epithet is almost unparalleled in the ancient poets.

Persimilis cineri dorsum, maculosaque terga
Inficiunt pullae cacabantis imagine guttae2
Tarpeiae est custos arcis non corpore maior3
Nec qui te volucres docuit, Palamede, figuras.
Saepe ego nutantem sub iniquo pondere vidi
Mazonomi puerum, portat cum prandia, circo
Quae consul praetorve novus construxit ovanti.
-Nemes.(?), Anth. Lat. 883.

TURDUS. Kixλn. Song-thrush, mavis. Turdus musicus.
Missel-thrush, T. viscivorus. Fieldfare, T. pilaris.

American parallels: Brown-thrush, robin, wood-thrush, et al.
Vid. int. al.

Aldrich: The Winter Robin.

Benton: The Hermit Thrush.

Bridge: The Thrush.

Bridges: The Robin.

Caldwell: Robin's Come.

Cliffton: To a Robin.

Daly: To a Thrush.

Davis: The Wood Thrush.
Emily Dickinson: To a Robin.
Hardy: The Darling Thrush.
Hirst (Duyckinck): The Robin.
Larcom: The Brown Thrush.
Larcom: Sir Robin.

Keats: The Thrush's Song.
Pattee: The Hermit Thrush.

Gen. Albert Pike: To a Robin.

(Written in New Mexico in 1832, on hearing the song of the

only red-breast he ever saw there.)

Roberts: The Hermit Thrush.

Stratton (Sladen): The Robin's Madrigal.
Taff: Robin.

Taylor: The Veery-Thrush.

Tennyson: The Throstle.

Valentine: The Robin's Creed.

Van Dyke: The Veery.

Waterman: A Thrush's Song.

"Vlitius, Ms. notae.

These references to the goose and crane surely point to a bird larger than

the 'guinea-fowl.'