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Where spirit-birds may fold their wings
Within Elysian portal,

And gleaners of divinest things

May gather sweets immortal.-BRIDGE.

The parrot's grave and burial inscription:

Ossa tegit tumulus, tumulus pro corpore magnus,
Quo lapis exiguus par sibi carmen habet:
"Colligor ex ipso dominae placuisse sepulcro,
Ora fuere mihi plus ave docta loqui."

-Ov., Am. II, 6, 59.

Another funeral poem, in honor of a parrot which belonged to Melior, a friend of Statius. How the parrot spent his last day and night:

Psittace, dux volucrum, domini facunda voluptas,
Humanae sollers imitator, psittace, linguae,
Quis tua tam subito praeclusit murmura fato?
Hesternas, miserande, dapes moriturus inisti
Nobiscum et gratae carpentem munera mensae
Errantemque toris mediae plus tempore noctis
Vidimus. Adfatus etiam meditataque verba
Reddideras. At nunc aeterna silentia Lethes
Ille canorus habes. Cedat Phaethontia vulgi
Fabula: non soli celebrant sua funera cygni.
-STAT., Silv. II, 4, 1.

Birds with the gift of speech are summoned to the funeral:

Huc doctae stipentur aves, quis nobile fandi
Ius Natura dedit: plangat Phoebeius ales1
Auditasque memor penitus dimittere voces
Sturnus et Aonio versae certamine picae
Quique refert iungens iterata vocabula perdix2
Et quae Bistonio queritur soror orba cubili:
Ferte simul gemitus cognataque ducite flammis.
Funera et hoc cunctae miserandum addiscite carmen.

-STAT., Silv. II, 4, 16.

Cf. Plin. X, 117, 120, 121, 124; Apul., Flor. II; Manil. V, 379.

A description of the parrot. His powers of speech. His last rites.

and the words uttered by the birds at his funeral:

'The raven.

"The reading cornix is attractive (cf. Plin. X, 124 et al.), but quique is then of course impossible.

Occidit aeriae celeberrima gloria gentis
Psittacus, ille plagae viridis regnator Eoae,
Quem non gemmata volucris1 Ïunonia cauda
Vinceret aspectu, gelidi non Phasidis ales2
Nec quas humenti Numidae rapuere sub austro,
Ille salutator regum nomenque locutus

Caesareum et queruli quondam vice functus amici,
Nunc conviva levis monstrataque reddere verba
Tam facilis, quo tu, Melior dilecte, recluso
Numquam solus eras. At non inglorius umbris
Mittitur: Assyrio cineres adolentur amomo
Et tenues Arabum respirant gramine plumae
Sicaniisque crocis, senio nec fessus inerti
Scandet odoratos Phoenix felicior ignes.

Or leave me here as now,

-STAT., Silv. II, 4, 24.

Bill, parrot-like and old with cracked voice, harping, screeching.

-WHITMAN.

That screaming parrot makes my blood run cold.-MoODY.

Other references to the parrot and his powers of speech:

Quis expedivit psittaco suum chaere,
Picasque docuit verba nostra conari?
Magister artis ingenique largitor

Venter, negatas artifex sequi voces.

-PERS., Prol. 8.

Greek was the language of small talk, love talk, parrot talk.

-GILDERSLEEVE.

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Cf. Macaw; and gold-green parrot, human-tongued,
For craft and wit prediction famed of yore.-BAILEY.

Behind us at our evening meal

The gray bird ate his fill,

Swung downward by a single claw,

And wiped his hooked bill.-Whittier.

QUERQUEDULA. Κερκουρίς and κερκιθαλλίς have been assumed as possible originals for the cerceris in Varr., L. L. V, 79.

Cf. Keller, Lateinische Volksetymologie, p. 52.

Kɛρжηdηs, as a gloss, also occurs.

Vid. Thompson, op. cit. s. v. v. Nñtta, Bosxág, and yλaúxɩov.

The querquedula is probably the Teal (Anas crecca) or the Garganey (Anas querquedula). Cf. Gesner, op. cit., p. 103. "Easdem omnino Ferrariae in Italia rustici qui in foro vendebant, nomen interroganti mihi scavolos et cerceuolos (quasi querquedulas) appellarunt. Mediolani audio garganello dici, quod nomen aliqui etiam aliis anatibus aut · mergis improprie tribuant. Eliota Anglus querquedulas interpretatur

teale."

American parallel: Teal.

He told how teal and loon he shot.-WHITTIER.

Above the marshy islands flew

The green teal and the swift curlew.-MAURICE THOMPSON.

A possible reference to the fall migration of the querquedulae:

Et ratione

Aut frigidos nimbos cito ac caduciter ruentis
Pertimuerunt aquatilis querquedulae natantes.
-VARR., Men. 576.

The teal and mallard wanton o'er the flood.-ALSOP.

O Nature! gentle is thy might:

Thy action is repose; the Eagle's flight

Is tranquil as the teal that sails so light
The hill-defended tarn.-BROWN.

REGULUS. Τροχίλος and probably ὄρχιλος, βασιλεύς. Wren.
Troglodytes europaeus or Regulus cristatus.
American parallels: Wren, kinglet, king-bird.
Alexander Wilson: The Disconsolate Wren.

Henry Van Dyke: The Ruby-Crowned Kinglet.

It is noteworthy that the wren, although one of the most observable and sociable of the smaller birds and about which much later lore has collected, seems to have touched the ancient poets scarcely at all. This is due, as in several other cases, largely to the fact that no great metamorphosis myth with the wren gained popular acceptance.

Cf. int. al. Newton, op. cit., p. 1050. The myth of the wren as 'King of all the birds' is post-classical.

The fire-crowned king of the wrens,
From out the pines.-TENNYSON.
I'll be king of the queen of the wrens
And all in a nest together.-TENNYSON.
Where's your kingdom, little king?

Where the land you call your own,
Where your palace and your throne?
Fluttering lightly on the wing

Through the blossom-world of May,
Whither lies your royal way,

Little king?-HENRY VAN Dyke.

The wren's song is like that of the bee-eater and swallow:

Regulus atque merops et rubro pectore progne

Consimili modulo zinzizulare sciunt.

Sibilous shivering voice.

(Wood-wren.)

-Anth. Lat. 762, 43.

-GILBERT WHITE of Selborne.

For other references vid. Plin. VIII, 37; Plin., Ep. I, 5, 14.

Then came the wren with carols gay,
The customed roof and porch to greet.
(Frontenac, Canadian Spring.)-STREET.

There are notes of joy from the hang-bird and wren.
-BRYANT.

When first the wren

Was heard to chatter.-BRYANT.

There's the hum of the bee and the chirp of the wren.

-BRYANT.

The wren

Comes twittering from his brushy den.

-MAURICE THOMPSON.

And from his pigmy house the wren looked out.
-BAYARD TAYLOR.

Wrens sing all the winter through: frost excepted.
-GILBERT WHITE of Selborne.

RUSTICA. Σκολόπαξ and ἀσκαλώπας. Woodcock.

Scolopax rusticula.

American parallels: Woodcock, snipe.

A table bird. Compared with the partridge:

Rustica sim an perdix, quid refert, si sapor idem est?
Carior est perdix. Sic sapit illa magis.

The seasons send

-MART. XIII, 76.

Their wildest wanderers: the secret snipe,

That on the borders of the slimy field
Sucks up its draining juice.-M'KINNON.

The woodcock in his moist retreat,

Heard not the falling of their feet.-HOSMER.

Bubbling within some basin green

So fringed with fern, the woodcock's bill

Scarce penetrates the leafy screen.-STREET.

SCOLOPAX. Σκολόπας and ἀσκαλώπας. Woodcock.

Scolopax rusticula.

American parallels: Woodcock, snipe.

A striking description of the appearance and feeding habits of the bird:

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