whose department are not yet ascertained, but are computed at from 40 to 50 millions. WAR MINISTRY.

their exaggeration, to look on our seamen as recruits for the armies, was the system of the Government-a system which has led to the annihilation of the population of our coasts, and the complete exhaustion of our arsenals. The remonstrances of the most enlightened inen, and of the most experienced mariners, and the evidence of facts, were incapable of checking those foolish enterprizes, those violeut measures, which belonged to a plan of dominion oppressive in all its parts. Thus in 1804 the projected invasion of England was

With regard to the expenditure of this department, we can only present an approximation. Here was the root of the evil: hence originated the disorder which extended to all the other branches; and the disasters of the three last campaigns have plunged this department, already so complicated, iuto a coinplete chaos.On the 1st of May last the land forces of France amounted to more than 520,000 men, including gens-d'armerie, vete-pompously announced. Ports, which had rans, invalids, and cannoniers, guarding the. coasts. Besides this force, there are 122,597 military of all ranks enjoying half pay. 160,000 prisoners are returning to us from Prussia, Austria, England, and Russia. The Staff of the army, including engineers, inspectors, commissaries, &c. amounts to 1874 individuals.

The pay, &c. of men in active service
for 1814, amounts to
Half-pay, &c. to

❤

202,000,000
31,000,000

never yet been entered, except by fishingboats and packets, were immediately converted into vast maritime arsenals; immense works were commenced on a beach, which the winds and tides were incessantly covering with sand; forts, batteries, magazines, workshops, were erected; thousands of ships were built and bought up on all the coasts of the ocean, and in the interior of the rivers, with out considering how they should get to the place of rendezvous: Paris itself saw a dockTotal 236,000,000 yard formed within its walls; and the most The war of 1812 and 1813 destroyed, in ar- valuable materials were employed in the contillery and ammunition, a capital of 250 mil-struction of these vessels, which were not lions: and the fortified places in the countries ceded by France had, since 1804, cost her 115 millions. The Budget of the War Ministry, properly so called, had been fixed under all heads, for 1814, at 360 millions.-But,in consequence of a division which had existed some years, there was, besides the depart ment of the Ministry at War, that of the war adininistration. The expenses of this Jast were in 1812, 238,000.000 francs: in 1813, 374.000,000; and in 1814 they will be 350,000,000; which last sum will, for 1814, occasion a total expense, in these two branches, of 740 millions. The arrear also of these two branches is enormous: that of the ministry at war amounts, according to present statements, to 104,000,000! and that of the war administration to 157,000,000,making a total arrear of 261 millions. But these statements are not yet complete; the arrears of the armies, during the years 1811, 12, 18, and 14, are still unknown. Neither do they include a sum of 100 millions, ordonnanced by the two Ministers, which they no longer reckon their debt, but which the Treasury has not been able to pay. We must add, also, to the expenses occasioned by the war, the requisitions of which we have already spoken, the expense of the guards of honour, and of the offers of mounted and equipped horsemen. The expense of the two laiter heads, for the departments of Old France, may be estimated at 15,611,000 francs.

MINISTRY OF THE MARINE.

The navy has during 24 years been weak. ened, by the very means which have been taken to give it the appearance of strength. To make on all our coasts the display of a factitious power, to appear to meditate gigantic projects, while the means of accomplishing them were insufficient, even through

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even fit for their destination. And what now
remains of all these armaments. The wreck
of some of the vessels, and accounts which
prove, that for the successive creation and
destruction of this monstrous and useless
flotilla, upwards of 150 millions have been sa-
crificed since 1803. All that could be done
by the talents of the engineers and the perse
vérance of the sailors, was done on the Scheldt,
A numerous squadron manœuvred safely in
this river, which was thought inaccessible to
large ships of war; but this success would
not satisfy the pride of power.—The sides of
the Scheldt were immediately covered with
dockyards, which all the neighbouring forests
would not have supplied, if the building had
been carried on with the activity with which
it began. It was in vain represented that a
severe winter would change the position of
the sand banks, and make the river impassable
to ships of the first class-that at the ap-
proach of the ice the crews would be shut in
the basins, where all that the most skilful
officers could teach them in the sumniner
would be forgotten.-Nothing was listened
to, and the treasure of France was lavished
on an object which it was impossible to
accomplish. It is known by experience that
the use of stores is most economical where
vessels of all sizes are built in one place;
yet, under pretence of giving employ to naval ·
artificers, and of working the wood on the g
spot where it was procured, ships were built 9943
in ports without any roads or safe anchorage,"
exposed during the winter to danger from the
floats of ice, or having bars which could
not be passed without difficulty and danger;
from these ill-judged prospects, the expence
of the superintending officers was necessarily
increased. The great works at Cherbourg,
aud the fine squadron at Toulon, are the

or by drawing from the resources of the special Fund in the Domaines Extraordinairies, in the Caisse D'Amortissement, in the Caisse de Service, &c. Thus is it that all the fands. not destined to the service of the war have been, in fact, employed in it. Thence proceeds that arrear in the finances which we shall proceed to detail,

only good results from a system in which supplies. The receipts became thus insuff besides there was nothing but weakness and cient, and considerable arrears were created. improvidence. All our arsenals are coin- -The estimated produce of the taxes, as pletely dilapidated--the immense naval stated in the budget, was for the most part stores collected by Louis XVI. are squan- eventual or exaggerated. Thus the budgets dered-and during the last fifteen years of 1812 and 1813 present deficit of a France has lost, in ill-judged expeditions, 43 312,032,000 francs.-The head of the Go ships of the line, 82 frigates, 76 corvettes, vernment was not ignorant of these defiand 62 transports and packets, which could cits, but he was always in the hope of conot be replaced at an expense of 200 millions.vering it either by those foreign tributes, The port of Brest, the finest and best in En-which were the fruit of his first campaigus, rope, and where there were vast and magnificent establishments, has been entirely neglected. Not only are the arsenals exhausted and unprovided with stores, but the ships are still more unprovided with good sailors. The loss of our colonies, the measures which oppressed commerce, the reverses experienced by our fleets, and the vexations exercised on our fisheries, would of themselves suffice to extinguish our maritime population, but the measure by which the last Government gave the crews of ships the organisation of regiments, pronounced the sentence of its abso-Couronne lute destruction. Many of these bodies supported in the plains of Germany and in the mountains of the Asturias, the lustre of the French arms, but they lost 5. Add to these sums the arrears in the field the habits of the sea. Though existing in the expences, at the the desire of glory might reconcile the particular charge of the Ministry officers to it, this method of life was most of Finance, since the payment repugnant to the habits and taste of the sai-had been delayed, or refused only berause their funds had been lors, and above all, tended to keep them in a celibacy most destructive to the maritime force of the kingdom. It is, therefore, absoJutely necessary to put an end to this system. The total debt of the marine is 61,500,000 francs.

MINISTRY OF FINANCE..

1. There has been taken from

the Special Funds, and employed
in the service of the Budget

2. There has been anticipated in
the Caisses du Domaine et de la

3. Tue Caissc de Service has

advanced and consumed

4. There has been abstracted

from the Caisse d'Amortissement

otherwise employed. This ar
rear, comprising twelve millions
of francs of half pay, due' and
not paid, amounts to
misapplication of funds by the old

Thus the total anticipation and

Government amounts to

59,580,900 fr.

237,550,000 fr.

162,014,000 ff. 275,825,000 fr.

77,500,000 fr.

806,169,000 fr.

If we add to this sum the arrears of the dif ferent Ministries which are not yet exactly

The Exposé of this Department is an ex planation of the situation of the other Minis-known,but which may be taken at 500,000,000 tries. Before we give the general results, francs, the sum total of anticipations and ar we shall explain by what means the old Go- | rears is 1,305,469,000 francs.—If we also add vernment contrived to hide them. The old the creation of 17 millions of perpetual system bears at first the appearance of order rents, representing a capital of 340,000,000, and exactness. Before the commencement of which half indeed was applied to the payof each year, the Ministers of Finance col- ment of debts anterior to the year 8, there lected the demands of the other Ministers will result as the total of the increase of the for the expences of the year, to form his debts of the State in the course of 13 years, budget of expences. On the other hand, from the sum of 1,645,469,000 francs. This calthe state of the produce of the taxes, he culation is doubtless terrifying, but we must formed the budget of receipts. These two not look on the evil as irremediable. The tables being balanced against one another, Minister of Finances will explain to you composed the general budget of the State,and what are the sums immediately requisite, seemed to promise, that by realising all the those to be required at distant periods, and revenues, all the expences might be provided those which resolve themselves into a change for. of interest only. For us, called on simply to present you the Exposé of the present si tuation of the kingdom, we have confined ourselves to this painful task, we have dissembled nothing. The details will show you at once the evil and its remedy. You will see the foree of life always active, which has supported France amidst all its losses, you will see the resources which have struggled against disasters ever springing up anew, and you will wonder to behold so fertile, and so well cultivated, those fields which have se

But this equilibrium was fictitious, both budgets being distorted by inexactness and falsehood. The funds which were termed special, amounting to above 100 millions of francs yearly, were not put in the budget, and many extraordinary expences were not placed under the head of any Ministry. The expence of the war was estimated much below its real amount. One conscription or more was raised in the course of the year, equipments, stores or works were ordered, without a proportional augmentation in the

for, let us enjoy those which are offered to our acceptance: already peace re-opens our ports; liberty restores to the merchant his speculations, and to the mechanic his la

ties. Can we be indifferent to this future repose, after having so long lived amidst storms and alarms? You, Gentlemen, will not be insensible to this consideration. The King confides equally on his people and their Deputies, and France expects every thing from their generous agreement. What more fortunate circumstance than that of an Assembly which has deserved so well of its country, and a King who is desirous of being its father! Enjoy, Gentlemen, this fortunate re-union; see what France expects from it, what you have already done for it; let these happy commencements encourage you in your career, and may the gratitude of your latest descendants be at once your emulation, your glory, and your recompense.

long been exposed to all kinds of devastation. I ting the benefits which must still be waited Though terrified by the debt of the Govern ment, you will see in the hands of individuals capitals ready for useful undertakings; and far from despairing of the prosperity of France, you will see from what she has sup-bours; every one sees the end of his calamiported in calamity, the flourishing state to be expected under a beneficent Government. But the cares of the Government shall not be confined to the re-establishment of a prosperity purely material. Other sources of happiness and glory have been cruelly attacked. Morality, more than public wealth, has not escaped from the fitil influence of a bad Government. That which has just been put an end to, completed the evils which the Revolution had caused; it re-established religion merely to make it an instrumeat for its own purposes. Public instruction submitted to the same dependence, was not answerabie to the efforts of the respectable body which directed it. These efforts were opposed by a despotism which wished to rule the minds of all, in order to enslave their bodies without reSistance. The national education must take a more liberal course, to maintain itself on a level with the information common in Europe, by returning to principles now long forgotten amongst us. Unhappily we

cannot also restore at once to France those moral habits, and that public spirit, which

cruel misfortunes and long oppression have

there almost aunihilated! Noble sentiments were opposed, generous ideas were stifled, the Government, not content with con demning to inaction the virtues which it dreaded, excited and fomented the passions which could do it service; to suppress publie spirit, it cilied personal interest to its aid: it offered its favours to ambition, in order to silence conscience; it left no other

state but that of serving it, no other hope

The PRESIDENT.-The Chamber of Depu ties ordains that this Expose shall be printed and distributed, at the rate of six copies to each member.

THE POLITICAL CONSTITUTION OF THE
SPANISH MONARCHY. PROMULGATED
IN CADIZ, THE NINETEENTH DAY OF
MARCH, 1812.

(Continued from the Register of July 2.) Article 171. In addition to the prerogative of sanctioning and promulgating the laws, the King possesses many other rights and powers; such as1st, Publishing such decrees, direclikely to contribute to the due execution of tions, and instructions, as may appear the laws; 2d, Taking care that justice but those which it could alone full; no may be promptly and effectually adminisambition appeared indiscreet, no preten- tered throughout the kingdom; 3d, To sion exaggerated; hence that incessant agi- declare war, and make and ratify peace; tation of all interests and of all wishes; laying, afterwards, authentic documents of hence that instability of situation which the same before the Cortes; 4th, To noleft hardly any man the virtues of his condition, because all thought only of emerging minate, by and with the assistance of the from it; hence, in fine, incessut attack's council of State, all civil and criminal maupon every kind of probity by seductions gistrates; 5th, To appoint all civil and against which the most generous charac-military officers;-6th, To present, by and ters could hardly defend themselves. Such with the advice of the council of State, to were the melancholy cifects of that corrup- all bishopricks, ccclesiastical benefices, and tive system which we have now to combat. The difficulties of the moment are great, dignities; 7th, To bestow honours and but much may be expected from time; the distinctions on all classes, within the limits nation will feel that its zealous concurrence of the laws; 8th, To command the navy is necessary to hasten the return of its own and army, and appoint the generals; 9th, happiness; its confidence in the intentions To dispose of the forces, distributing them of its King, the lights and wisdom of the according to his judgment; 10th, To notwo Chambers, will render the task of Go- minate ambassadors, ministers, and consuls, vernment more easy. If any thing can pre- and direct the commercial and diplomatic vent the speedy realization of these hopes, it will be that restless turbulence which relations with other States; 11th, To rewishes to enjoy without delay, the blessings gulate the coinage of money, on which of which it has the prospect. While regret-shall be impressed his image and name;

lege to any person or corporation : 10thy He cannot dispossess any corporation of individual of their property; neither can he disturb them in the enjoyment or direction and profit of it; and if, in case of necessity, for the general advantage of the public good, it should be required to convert that of an individual for a particular object, it cannot be done without a full indemnification, by just valuation of respect. able persons: 11th, The King cannot punish, in any manner whatsoever, or deprive any individual of his liberty, under any pretence; the secretary of State who signs, and the judge who executes the order

or,

12th, To decree the application of funds, to answer the demands of each branch of the public administration; 13th, To pardon criminals, consistently with the laws; 14th, To submit, for the consideration of the Cortes, such laws, or reforms, as may appear to him beneficial to the nation, in order to their being deliberated on, according to the prescribed form; 15th, To detain, or permit to be published, with the consent of the Cortes, the decrecs of the councils, or pontifical bulls; advising, should they be of general tenour, with the council of State, as to their influence upon affairs of State,or of material consequences; and, should they appear of doubtful ten-shall be responsible to the nation; and, in dency, turning them over to the su- such case, punished as criminals against preme tribunal of justice, to be proceed- civil liberty: 12th, Only in case of treaed upon according to law; 16th, To son, or any attempt against the security of appoint, and grant, liberal allowances to the State, can the King give directions for the different secretaries of State.-172. personal arrests; and even then the offender The restrictions upon the regal autho- must be delivered up, to a competent rity are as follows: 1st, The King, under tribunal, within forty-eight hours -no pretext whatsoever, can prevent the 13th, Before marriage, the King shall meeting of the Cortes, at the times, or advise the Cortes, to obtain their con ander the circumstances, directed by the sent; in default of which he shall be underConstitution; nor suspend nor dissolve stood to have abdicated the throne.—173. them; nor, in any way whatsoever, check On the King's accession to the throne, nor embarass their deliberations. Those if he should be under age, when his Gowho are guilty of advising him to, or as- vernment begins, he shall make oath bes sisting him in, any of these acts, shall before the Cortes according to the following punished as traitors: 2d, The King form:-I, N., by the grace of God, and they shall not leave the kingdom, without the Constitution of the Spanish Monarchy, consent of the Cortes; and, in case of so King of all Spain, do swear before Col doing, shall be considered to have abdicat- and the holy Evangelists, that I will des ed the throne: 3d, The King cannot re- fend and preserve the Catholic Apos◄. nounce, yield, deliver up, or make over, to tolic Roman Religion, without permitting any other person, the royal authority, or the exercise of any other, throughout this any of its prerogatives: 4th, If, under kingdom: that I will observe, and cause any pretence whatsoever, he may wish to to be observed, the laws, and political cons abdicate the throne in favour of the lawful stitution of the Sparish monarchy, doing heir, he cannot do it without the con- and acting, in all things, only for their sent of the Cortes; he cannot grant, yield good and benefit: that I will not make up, or exchange, any city, town, village, over, yield, or dismember any part of the or part of the Spanish territory, however, kingdom: that I will never exact contribusmall it may be 5th, He cannot make tions, money, or any other thing, without any offensive or defensive alliance, or spe- it shall have been decreed by the Cortes: cial treaty of alliance or commerce, with that I will respect private property, and, any foreign power, without the consent of above all, the civil liberty of the nation, the Cortes: 6th, Neither can he bind and rights of every individual: and if, to himself, by any treaty, to subsidize a fo- what I have now sworn, or any part of it, reign State, without their consent: 7th, I should be found to act contrary, such He cannot cede or make over the national act shall be null, void, and not be obeyed. property without consent of the Cortes: If thus I do, may God reward and protect 8th, He cannot, without a previous decree me; if not, may it be at my own peril.of the Cortes, directly or indirectly, impose 174. The kingdom of Spain is indivisible: contributions, or make loans, under any from the period of the promulgation of name or for any object whatsoever: 9th, this, the crown shall descend, in regular Neither can he grant any exclusive privi- order, by right of primogeniture and re

presentation, through the legitimate heirs, circumstances, exercise the judicial aumale and female, of the lines to be here thority, advocate a pending trial, or comafter pointed out.-181. The Cortes shall mand a cause to be rejudged.--244. The exclude from the succession, any person laws shall direct a general form and order or persons who may be incapable of go- of trial, to be followed by all the tribunals, verning, or who, by any act or deed, may which neither the King nor Cortes can have deserved to forfeit their right to the dispense with nor change.-245. The trisame. 182. In case of the extinction of bunals shall exercise no other function the lines before mentioned, the Cortes than that of judging and causing their shall make such nomination as may ap-judgments to be carried into execution.pear to them best calculated to insure 246. Neither can they, for the administhe national prosperity; following, as tration of justice, suspend any law, or form much as possible, the rules established new ones. 247. No Spaniard can, either for the succession.-185. The King is in civil or criminal causes, be tried by any under age until the completion of his commission, or any other than the compeeighteenth year.---186. During the King's tent tribunal, established by an anterior minority, the kingdom shall be governed law. 248. In common causes, civil and by a Regency.-187. The same alterna-criminal, there shall be but one form of tive shall be resorted to, when the King, trial, for all classes of persons.-249. Ecby any moral or physical cause, may be clesiastics shall continue in the enjoyment rendered incapable of governing.-195. of their privileges, as far as the present The Regency shall exercise the royal au-law may prescribe, or future direct.—250. thority, under the restrictions ordered by The military shall also enjoy such privithe Cortes.-213. The Cortes shall fix leges as the present or future orders may the annual revenue for the support of the permit.---251. A magistrate, or judge, King's household, which shall correspond must be a native of the Spanish dominions, with the dignity of his situation.----214. and above twenty-five years of age: theTo the King shall belong all the royal laws shall direct what other qualifications palaces which appertained to his prede-shall be required.---252. A magistrate, or cessors; and the Cortes shall grant what judge, cannot be removed from his situa land they may consider necessary for his tion, whether temporary or perpetual, withpersonal recreation.--226. The principal out he he legally sentenced for some crime, secretaries of state shall be responsible for fully proved; nor suspended, but for some every order they may thus authorise; and, accusation legally preferred.---253. If a in case of acting contrary to the laws, complaint, against any magistrate, should having committed it by the King's orders be preferred to the King, and, upon the shall be no vindication.---227. The secre-case being drawn out, it appear well taries of state shall make an annual esti- founded, he may, by and with the advice mate of the public expenditure requisite of the council of state, suspend him; pasfor their branches of administration, and sing the case immediately to the supreme deliver in a return of those which have tribunal of justice, to be tried according to been incurred, according to the form dilaw.---254. The responsibility of observing rected.---231. There shall be a council of the laws, for civil and criminal justice, state, composed of forty persons, who must shall be attached to judges, who shall be be citizens, in the exercise of their rights; tried for any misapplication of the same.--excepting foreigners, who shall not be 255. Subornation, prevarication, or coreligible, although possessed of letters of ruption, in a magistrate or judge, render citizenship.236. The council of state is him worthy of public trial and punishment. the only one with which the King shall-256. The Cortes shall decree a compeadvise, on matters of importance in the tent salary for the judges and magistrates. state; such as, to decide on a proposed -257. Justice shall be administered in act of the Cortes, declare war, form al- the name of the King; and the acts and liances, &c. deeds of the superior tribunals shall likeChap. V. Of the Tribunals, and Ad-wise be registered in his name.---258. The ministration of Civil and Criminal Justice. civil, criminal, and commercial code of

Art. 242. To the tribunals appertain, laws shall be the same throughout the exclusively, authority to administer justice kingdom: the Cortes may, from any par in civil and criminal causés.—243. Neither ticular circumstances, make such variathe King nor the Cortes can, under any tions in it as they may deem requisite.

Printed and Published by J. MORTON, No. 94, Strand.