WORMS, a city in the west of Germany, well known in history. It stands on the left bank of the Rhine, a few hundred yards from the river, and is, like most old towns in Germany, surrounded with a decaying wall. The streets are dark and narrow; the cathedral, a ponderous Gothic building, with dismantled walls. The population is said to have been formerly considerable; but the city having been laid waste by the French in the devastation of the palatinate, in 1689, part of the inhabitants retired to Frankfort on the Maine or to Holland. Of late, however, the place is rather on the increase. The greater part are Lutherans. The public buildings are the mint, the town-house, in which Luther appeared before the diet in 1521, and the new church. The environs are fertile, and remarked for the quality of their wine. Few places have suffered more from war and other calamities. So early as 407 it was ravaged by the Vandals; in 451, and 538, by the Huns. It has suffered also by fires; and, on one or two occasions, by earthquakes. it is now subject to Hesse-Darmstadt, and is twenty-five miles south of Mentz.

WORMS, Vermes, in zoology. See ZOOLOGY. WORMS in the human body. See MEDICINE. WORMSEED, in botany, a species of chenopodium.

Elfin born of noble state,

And muckle worship in his native land,

Well could he tourney, and in lists debate. Spenser.

The law of nature teacheth that the true and living God ought to be worshipped, and that a sufficient and convenient time is to be set apart for the same. White. I belong to worship, and affect In honour, honesty. Shakspeare. Henry VIII. My train are men of choice and rarest parts, That all particulars of duty know; And in the most exact regard support The worship of their names. Id. King Lear. Dinner is on table; my father desires your worship's company. id. Merry Wives of Windsor. This is worshipful society, And fits the mounting spirit like myself. Shakspeare. "Tis not your inky brows, your black silk hair, Your bugle eyeballs, nor your cheek of cream, That can entame my spirits to your worship. What art thou, thou idol ceremony? What kind of God art thou, that sufferest more Sax. ponizen, whence perhaps Of mortal griefs than do thy worshippers? warray. To tear; mangle; harass. With bended knees I daily worship her, Yet she consumes her own idolater. First worship God; he that forgets to pray, Bids not himself good-morrow, nor good-day.

WORMWOOD, in botany. See ARTEMISIA.
WORMWOOD, WILD, a species of parthenium.
WOR'NIL, n. s.

In the backs of cows, in the summer, are maggots generated, which in Essex we call wornils, being first only a small knot in the skin.

WORRY, v. a.

Derham.

If we, with thrice such powers left at home,
Cannot defend our own doors from the dog,
Let us be worried.
Shakspeare. Henry V.
The fury of the tumults might fly so high as to worry
and tear those in pieces, whom as yet they but played
with in their paws.
King Charles.

For want of words, or lack of breath,
Witness when I was worried with thy peals. Milton.
It has pleased Providence at length to give us right-
eousness instead of exaction, and hopes of religion to a
church worried with reformation. South's Sermons.

I shall not suffer him to worry any man's reputation, nor indeed fall on any person whatsoever. Addison. Madam, contrive and invent,

And worry him out, till he gives his consent.

Swift. WORSE, adj., adv., n. s., Į The comparative WORS'ER, adj. [& v. a. of bad: bad, worse, worst. Saxon pins. More bad; more ill in a manner more bad: worser, though used by Shakspeare and Dryden, is a vile barbarism.

Why should he see your faces worse liking than the children of your sort?

Daniel i. 10.

Was never man, who most conquests atchieved, But sometimes had the worse, and lost by war.

Id.

Id. Henry.

Carew.

T. Randolph.

They join their vocal worship to the quire Milton. Of creatures wanting voice. The worship of God is an eminent part of religion, and prayer is a chief part of religious worship: hence Tillotson. religion is described by seeking God.

Since God hath appointed government among men, it is plain that his intention was, that some kind of worship should be given from some to others.

Id.

Stilling fleet.
Suppose this worshipful idol be made, yet still it
wants sense and motion.
He waved a torch aloft, and, madly vain,
Sought godlike worship from a servile train. Dryden.
What lands and lordships for their owner know
My quondam barber, but his worship now.

Id.

By sanctifying the seventh day after they had laboured six, they avowed themselves worshippers of that only God who created heaven and earth. Nelson.

When old age comes upon him, it comes alone, bringing no other evil with it; but when it comes to wait upon a great and worshipful sinner, who for many years has ate well and done ill, it is attended with a long train of rheums. South.

There was a voyage of the Egyptians under Osiris up the Danube; from them the Suevi had their worship of Isis. Arbuthnot. Against your worship when had S-k writ? Or P-ge poured forth the torrent of his wit? Pope.

WORSHIP OF GOD (cultus Dei) amounts to the same with what we otherwise call religion. This worship consists in paying a due respect, veneration, and homage to the Deity, under a certain expectation of reward. And this internal respect, &c., is to be shown and testified by external acts, as

2 X

from church with the serious intention perhaps of employing the Lord's day in private devotion and religious study; another, following his example, would absent himself upon the same pretence, but would in reality waste the day in dozing indolence or in secret sensuality. For these and other reasons, which might be easily assigned, no sincere Christian will think himself at liberty to dispute a practice enjoined by the inspired preachers of his religion, coeval with the institution, and retained by every sect into which it has since been unhappily divided.

As Christian worship consists of prayers and praises, it has been a matter of some debate whether it is most properly performed by preconcerted forms or liturgies, or by extemporaneous addresses to the Almighty. Both these modes have their advantages and disadvantages; and by the sacred writers neither of them is prescribed in opposition to the other. The advantages of a liturgy are, that it prevents absurd, extravagant, or impious addresses to God, which the folly or enthusiasm of individuals must always be in danger of producing; it gives the congregation an opportunity of joining in the prayers which are put up for them, which they cannot possibly do in a series of extemporaneous petitions, since, before they can assent to any one of these and make it their own, their attention is necessarily called away to that which succeeds it; and it relieves the clergyman from the labor of composition, which seems incompatible with that fervor which constitutes the spirit of devotion. The disadvantages of a fixed liturgy, which are the recommendations of extemporary prayer, are principally two. The forms composed in one age must by the unavoidable change of language, circumstances, and opinions, become in some degree unfit for another; and the perpetual repetition of the same form of words is very apt to produce inattentive lassitude in the congregation. Would the clergy of the church of England take that liberty which is allowed them, in the bidding prayer before sermon, perhaps the service of that church would unite in itself all the advantages both of liturgic and extemporary worship. We have only to add, on this subject, that public prayers, whether precomposed or not, ought to be compendious; that they ought to express just conceptions of the divine attributes; recite such wants as the congregation are likely to feel, and no other; that they ought to contain as few controverted propositions as possible; and that, if it can be done without offence, the pompous style of the state should be laid aside in our prayers for the king and all that are in authority; because, in every act which carries the mind to God, human greatness must be annihilated.

prayers, sacrifices, thanksgivings, &c. The Quiet-
ists, and some other mystic divines, set aside not
only all use of external worship, but even the con-
sideration of rewards and punishments. Yet even
the heathens had a notion that God did not require
us to serve him for nought: Dii quamobrem co-
lendi sint,' says Cicero, non intelligo, nullo nec
accepto ab illis nec sperato bono.' The school di-
vines divide worship into divers kinds; viz. latria,
that rendered to God; and idolatria, that ren-
dered to idols or images. To which the Romanists
add dulia, that rendered to saints; and hyperdulia,
that rendered to the Virgin. Some theological writers
have observed that the Greek word ρоokuvεw, to
worship, is not descriptive only of the honor which
is appropriated to God, but is indifferently used to
signify the honor and respect which are paid to
superiors of all kinds in heaven or on earth. Ac-
cordingly, they have distinguished between civil
and religious worship. That it is the duty of man
to worship his Maker has been sufficiently proved
elsewhere. It is not indeed easily to be conceived
how any one who has tolerably just notions of the
attributes and providence of God, can possibly
neglect the duty of private worship; and, though
divines are not agreed upon the point whether public
worship be really enjoined in that system which is
called the religion of nature, yet it is most expressly
commanded by the religion of Christ, and will be
regularly performed by every one who reflects ou
its great utility.-As the illiterate vulgar cannot
form to themselves correct notions of the divine
providence, and attributes, it is obvious that, with-
out the institution of public worship they would
never think of worshipping God at all, unless per-
haps occasionally, when under the pressure of some
severe calamity; but occasional worship, the off-
spring of compulsion, could have little of the re-
signed spirit of true devotion. Ignorant, however,
as the lowest of the vulgar are, and necessarily
must be, it cannot be denied that in most Christian
countries, perhaps in all, they are more accurately
acquainted with the first principles of religion, and
the laws of morality, than even the leaders of bar-
barous nations. This superiority is doubtless ow-
ing in some measure to their access to the sacred
Scriptures, but much more, we are persuaded, to
the instruction which they receive in the assemblies
which they frequent for public worship. If this be
admitted, public worship may be easily proved to
be the duty of every individual of the community:
for were those, who may be supposed to stand in
no need either of the contagion of society to kindle
their own devotion, or of the preaching of a clergy-
man to instruct them in the doctrines and precepts
of the gospel, to forsake, on these accounts, the
assembling themselves together, as the manner of
some is, religious assemblies and public worship
would very quickly fall into universal disuse.
Man is an animal prone to imitation; and every
order in society is ambitions of treading in the foot-
steps of the order immediately above it.
the wise and the good, therefore, permitted to ab-
sent themselves from the assemblies instituted for
the public worship of the Creator and Redeemer
of the world, others would quickly follow their ex-
ample; impelled to it not only by this universal
propensity, but by the additional motive of wishing
to appear both to the world and to themselves as
wise and as good as their privileged neighbours.
The consequence is obvious; one man would stay

Were

WORST, adj., n. s., & v. a. The superlative of bad, formed from worse: bad, worse, worst. Most bad; most ill; the most calamitous or wicked state; utmost degree of ill: to reduce to that state; defeat.

Who is 't can say I'm at the worst?
I'm worse than e'er I was,
And worse I may be yet the worst is not
So long as we can say, this is the worst.

Shaksp.

The case will be no worse than where two duellists enter the held, where the worsted party hath his sword given him again without further hurt. Suckling.

That you may be armed against the worst in this unhappy state of affairs in our distressed country, I send you these considerations on the nature and inimortality of the soul. Digby.

Rowe.

Not poison, but a wound, the soldier slew. They feel the smart and see the scar of their former wounds; and know that they must be made a sacrifice to the least attempt towards a change. Swift. WOUNDER. From wound. One that wounds. WOW, a fortified town of Hindostan, in the province of Gujerat, and district of Neyer, of which it may be considered as the capital. It was formerly governed by a female called the Ranny, whose territories were very considerable. It is still a place of consequence, and the residence of 1000 Rajpoot families. It is subject to the chief of Theraud. Long. 71° 23' E., lat. 24° 11' N.

WRACK, n. s. & v. a. Sax. præcce, a wretch; Belg. wrack. Ruin; destruction of a ship: to ruin; torture; torment. The poets use wrack or wreck indifferently. See WRECK.

With use of evil, growing more and more evil, they
took delight in slaughter, and pleased themselves in
making others wrack the effect of their power. Sidney.
Merab rejoiced in her wracked lover's pain,
And fortified her virtue with disdain.

Cowley.
Each on his rock transfixed, the sport and prey
Of wracking whirlwinds.

Milton.

Pharaoh's and Joseph's dreams are oftentimes wracked beyond their symbolization.

Browne.

Dryden.

Now with full sails into the port I move,
And safely can unlade my breast of love,
Quiet and calm: why should I then go back,
To tempt the second hazard of a wrack?
WRANGLE, v. n. & n. s. From Belg.wrang-
WRANGLER, N. s.
Sheseur, Minsheu;
wrong, Skinner. To dispute peevishly or per-
versely; to altercate; squabble: dispute of this
kind; a disputant: a peevish quarrelsome man.

Yes, for a score of kingdoms you should wrangle;
And I should call it fair play. Shakspeare. Tempest.
Tell him b' ath made a match with such a wrangler,
That all the courts of France will be disturbed
With chases.

Lord, the house and family are thine,
Though some of them repine;

temper with any thing litigious; he did not know what it was to wrangle on indifferent points.

Addison's Freeholder.
He advises therefore to set aside all logical wrang-
lings, and to produce the testimonies of the antients.
Waterland.

Filled with the sense of age, the fire of youth,
A scorn of wrangling, yet a zeal for truth." Pope.
The giving the priest a right to the tithe would pro-
duce law-suits and wrangles.
Swift.

The captious turn of an habitual wrangler deadens the understanding, sours the temper, and hardens the heart. Beattie.

WRANGLE (Charles Gustavus), marshal and constable of Sweden, a celebrated naval and military commander. He defeated the Danish fleet in 1644; the imperial army near Augsburg in 1648, and the Dutch fleet in 1658. See SWEDEN. He died in 1676.

WRANGLER, in literature, is a title of honor bestowed on students in the university of Cambridge, who stand in the highest class, especially in mathematical knowledge, at the public examination, for the first degree (or bachelor) in arts; the second consists of senior optimes: the third of junior optimes; and the fourth and last of the too.

WRAP, v. a. ? Pret. and part. pass. wrapWRAP ́PER, n. s. ped or wrapt. Sax, hpeonpian, to turu; Dan. wreffler; Goth, reifa. To roll together; complicate; involve; comprise; transport: taking up, intensively: a wrapper is a person or thing that wraps.

The sword made bright is wrapt up for the slaughter
Ezekiel.

Peter seeth the napkin that was about his head John xx. 7. wrapped together by itself.

Fairfax.

This said, he took his mantle's foremost part,
He 'gan the same together fold and wrap.
Wise poets that wrap truth in tales,
Knew her themselves through all her veils. Carew.
Much more the reverend sire prepared to say,
Wrapped with his joy, how the two armies lay.

Their vigilance to elude, I wrapt in mist
Of midnight vapour, glide obscure.
Wrapt up in silent fear he lies.
Nilus opens wide

Cowley.

Milton.

Waller.

His arms and ample bosom to the tide,
And spreads his mantle o'er the winding coast,
In which he wraps his queen, and hides the flying host.
Dryden.

My arms were pressed to my sides, and my legs
closed together by so many wrappers that I looked like
an Egyptian mummy.
Addison's Spectator.

Whatever things were discovered to St. Paul, when he was wrapped up into the third heaven, all the description he makes is that there are such things as eye hath not seen, ear heard, nor hath it entered into the heart of man to conceive.

Wrap candles up in paper.

Locke.
Swift.

Id. Henry V.

WRATH FUL, adj.

Dan. wrede; Goth. vrede.

WRATH FULLY, adv.
WRATH LESS, adj.

ing.

Anger; fury; rage: the
derivatives correspond-

I fear, lest there be debates, envyings, wraths, strifes.
Corinthians.

He cried, as raging seas are wont to roar,
When wintry storm his wrathful wreck doth threat.
Spenser.

Thou dost the prayers of the righteous seed
Present before the majesty divine,
And his avenging wrath to clemency incline.

Id.