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appear to have been regularly established until the year 1745, when it was founded by a warrant from George II. as an academy for instructing persons, intended for military officers under the ordnance, in mathematics and fortification, to qualify them for the service of the artillery and engineers. In this year the number of cadets was forty-eight, in 1783 they were augmented to sixty, in 1793 to ninety, in 1800 to 100, and in 1806 to 200, which was the highest establishment. Since the peace they have been gradually reduced, and the establishment is now at sixty. Some of the first mathematicians of this country have been employed here as professors. The new Military Academy, situated on the south side of Woolwich Common facing the north, was completed in the year 1805; it is a handsome structure, built of brick in the castellated form, and consists of a centre and two wings united by corridors; the centre is a quadrangle and has octagonal towers at the angles. The wings contain the quarters of the military officers of the establishment, and sleeping-rooms for the cadets, each room containing four. In the rear of the principal building there are several ranges of detached houses containing the dining-room for the cadets, the public kitchen, the apartments of the housekeeper, and of the servants of the house

The cadets are the sons of officers of the army or navy, or of respectable parents in civil life, and no boy can be admitted to the academy unless possessed of the following qualifications:-He must not be less than fourteen nor more than sixteen years of age, which is to be ascertained by the production of a certificate of his birth taken from the parish register and certified by the minister and churchwardens; but, if the parish register cannot be resorted to, an affidavit of the fact will be accepted.

At the south-west corner of Woolwich Common there is a veterinary establishment for the horses of the royal artillery; it adjoins the great road to Dover, and is well situated; it was built in the year 1805.

On the north side of the artillery barracks there is a barrack occupied by the fourth division of the royal marines, which was established here in the year 1805. A handsome, airy, and commodious marine hospital was erected near these barracks in 1815, for the accommodation of the sick of the division, and of the sick seamen from the ships of war stationed here. The establishments connected with the navy at Woolwich are under the control and superintendance of the Admiralty; and the whole of the civil and military establishments belonging to the ordnance are under the control of the master-general and board.

The church at Woolwich, which is dedicated to St. Mary Magdalene, is a spacious brick building, and stands on an eminence that overlooks the dock-yard. It has a plain tower at the west end, and consists of a nave, chancel, and aisles. It was rebuilt between the years 1726 and 1740, partly from the funds granted under queen Anne for building churches, and partly from contributions and legacies. The interior is handsomely fitted up, and has galleries on the north, south, and west sides. There are but few monuments.

There are three charitable establishments in this town: an alms-house, founded for five poor widows, in 1562, by sir Martin Bowes, in which they receive £25 a year besides coals; a girl's school,

built and endowed from a bequest made by Mrs. Anne Withers, in 1753, for teaching thirty poor girls to read and work with the needle; and a school founded under the will of Mrs. Mary Wiseman, in 1758, for educating, clothing, and apprenticing six orphan boys, the sons of shipwrights who had served their apprenticeship in the dock-yard. Exclusive of those belonging to government there are no manufactories in this neighbourhood, except sugar potteries, of which there are several on Plumstead Common.

WOOTTON-UNDER-EDGE, a borough and market town, in Berkley hundred, Gloucestershire, nine miles from Minchinghampton, and 109 west by north of London. It is seated beneath a pleasant and fertile eminence. The town is well built, and has a handsome church, the tower of which is adorned with battlements and pinnacles. Here is a free-school, founded in 1385, by lady Catherine Berkeley; it has also alms-houses for six poor men and as many women. In the town and neighbourhood are several cloth manufactories. Market on Friday.

WORCESTER (Tiftoft), marquis of, a nobleman of a very extraordinary genius for mechanical discoveries, who flourished in the age of lord Verulam, and in 1663 published a curious philosophical work, entitled A Century of Inventions.

WORCESTER, a city in Worcestershire, situate on the banks of the Severn, three miles and a quarter from Droitwich, and 111 north-west by west of London. It contains nine parishes within the city. The cathedral was erected by Etheldred, king of Mercia, in 680, when it was a convent of secular priests; a short time after the conquest, it was laid in ashes by the Welsh, but soon after nearly rebuilt with greater magnificence, though not entirely completed till the year 1374. It is in length 514 feet, in breadth seventy-eight, and the tower 200 feet high. On the south side is a chapel of most curious workmanship: both the church and cloisters are arched with stone of a reddish color; and in the tower are eight good bells, the largest weighing 6600 pounds. The window, in the west front, was rebuilt in an elegant manner in 1789, in commemoration of the honor of his late majesty's visit at the music meeting in 1788; and in 1792 an elegant window was built, at the east end of the cathedral, containing some excellent paintings ou glass. The pulpit is octagonal and of stone, curiously carved in the Gothic manner with the symbols of the four evangelists, and a representation of the New Jerusalem, as described in the Revelations. The altar-piece is of stone, perforated and glazed. The chief monument in the cathedral is that of king John standing in the midst of the choir. On each side of the king are those of the bishops Wolstan and Oswald. On the south side of the altar is prince Arthur's sepulchral chapel; it was repaired and beautified in 1791. There are also several other handsome monuments, particularly one of Dr. Hough, by Roubiliac.

Fronting the cathedral is a fine broad street, called the High Street, in which is the Guildhall, erected in 1720. The streets are in general broad, well paved and lighted, and the town is well supplied with water. The county gaol has two large court yards divided by an iron palisade, and so formed that the gaoler and turnkey may have a view of every cell. The city jail stands in Friar Street, so called from a house of Gray Friars which originally

stood therein. A new jail has been erected of late years, which cost £19,000. Here is also a commodious house of industry, erected in 1784. The theatre is a neat small building, erected in 1781. Here are also several alms-houses and charityschools, many hospitals, and a public infirmary. Among the parish churches, nine within the walls and two without, none deserve particular notice but St. Andrew's, which has an exceedingly handsome spire 245 feet high, and in the parish is a noble free-school, founded by Henry VIII. The bridge over the Severn is of stone, having five semicircular arches, erected in 1780. Here are meeting-houses for various sectaries, as well as Roman Catholics. Edgar's tower, a strong portal in College Green, was part of its ancient castle, and near it is the register office.

Worcester has every convenience and accommodation in common with most cities, having its public banks, fire offices, libraries, assemblies, musicmeeting, &c. The bishop's palace stands in a commanding situation on the banks of the Severn. The manufactures are those of china, carpets, gloves, and lace; and its trade is greatly increased by a canal navigation communicating with all parts of the kingdom. The present corporation, by charter of James I., consists of a mayor, recorder, sheriff, six aldermen, twenty-four common-councilmen, and forty-eight assistants. It sends two members to parliament, chosen by the citizens, admitted to their freedom by birth or servitude, or by redemption the number of voters is about 1700; and the returning officer is the sheriff.

This city suffered much during the wars between the houses of York and Lancaster; but the most remarkable event here was the famous battle between the English army, under Cromwell, and the Scotch, in the cause of Charles II. in 1650, when the royalists had 2000 killed and 8000 taken prisoners, most of whom were sold as slaves to the American colonies; after this, Cromwell ordered the walls of the city to be rased to the ground. This city gives title of marquis to the duke of Beaufort. The market-house is a new and commodious addition to the comforts of the city. The hop-market is the most considerable in the kingdom during the hop season, and is governed by guardians chosen out of every parish in the city. The race course is three miles in circumference, called Pitchcroft, situate to the north-west of the city. Markets, Wednesday, Friday, and Saturday. WORCESTER, County, Massachusetts, bounded north by New Hampshire, east by Middlesex and Norfolk counties, south by Rhode Island and Connecticut, and west by Hampden, Hampshire, and Franklin counties.

WORCESTER, a post town, the capital of Worcester county, Massachusetts; thirty nine miles N. N. W. of Providence, forty west by south of Boston. It contains an elegant court house, a jail, a bank, two paper mills, two printing offices, from each of which is issued a weekly newspaper; and three houses of public worship, two for Congregationalists, and one for Baptists. It is pleasantly situated, and is the most considerable inland town in New England, and is a place of much wealth and trade. The principal street is upwards of a mile in length; it is well built, and has a number of elegant houses. In 1791 two editions of the bible, one in large folio the other in royal quarto, the first of the kind published in America, were printed in this town.

WORCESTERSHIRE. This county ere takes its name from its principal city Wors the etymology of which is deduced from Tcester, by changing its vowel. The name nia occurs in Florence of Worcester, whe about sixty years before Joseph of Exeter v Abingdon derives the Saxon name from the W on the river. The inhabitants, with those of adjoining parts, were in Bede's time, prior no division of the island into counties, called W= a name derived, as we may reasonably con from the salt-pits which it contains, the old E name of which is witches. This county fo constituted the second part of the country t Cornavii, or Dorbuni. In the time of the Re it was swampy, overgrown with wood, and quently but little known to that cautious and like people; neither Ptolemy nor Antonite any notice of it whatever; and of the four Roman roads which cross the kingdom bu viz. the Ryknild Street, approaches its bordes Ryknild Way, however, crosses a small porti the county, entering it near Beoly, and, pass to Edgbaston in Warwickshire, leaves the tw Birmingham a little to the west. The pr stations, or camps, in this county are on a and Whitchbury Hill, near the banks of the Ser the neighbourhood of Kempsey, Little Me and upon Wobury Hill. Worcestershire cost under the Saxon Heptarchy a part of the kr of Mercia, and was the frequent scene of sangr contests between the Saxons and the Danes

Worcestershire is an inland county, boca the north by Staffordshire, on the east by wickshire, on the south by Gloucestershire, west by Herefordshire, and on the northShropshire; and lies between lat. 59 157 52° 39′ N., and between long. 1° 30′ and 201 from London: its mean length from north t down the Severn, the shortest line, is about miles, and its mean breadth from east to #8 twenty-six miles, and contains 936 square or 600,000 acres; of this two-thirds are east, and one-third to the west, of the river To this may be added, for detached parts acres, making in the whole 618,240 acres county is divided into five hundreds and containing 152 parishes, one city (Worcester) eleven market-towns.

The air of this county is mild, warm, healthy, there being but few lakes and ve swampy ground; the inhabitants of the Ma Hills enjoy a most salubrious and temper mate, a circumstance which, conjointly w beautiful rich and picturesque scenery wha furnish, contributes not a little to induce mu of fashionable loungers to make the vill Great and Little Malvern, which are situated o the western side of these hills, the tempor atres of their æstival gaieties; but the Wells is the centre of attraction, on account of the tiguity of the Spa. The soil of this county* be thus stated :-To the north of Worcester, is situated nearly in the centre of the c chiefly consists of rich loamy sand with a portion of gravel; there is some very light st few spots of clay, of black peat earth the sam chiefly inclining towards the east. In this C(the east) the prevailing soil is, for the most strong clay. The waste land, which is considerable, in general is a deep black po

To the south, between Worcester and the vale of Evesham, the soil is partly of a red marl, and part strong loamy rich clay; other parts sandy loam; and there is a small vein of land which partakes of each of these qualities; the sub-soil, more especially under the second division, lime-stone. In the vale the soil is particularly deep, of a darkishcolored earth, with a sub-stratum of strong clay and some gravel. Beyond this, on the confines of the county, and in the small detached parts, including the Cotswold Hills in the county of Gloucester, a limestone prevails on the upper lands and a rich loam on the lower. To the south, between Worcester and Malvern, the general character of the soil is a clay mixed with gravel in different proportions; the former prevailing in the lower and the latter in the higher situations. To the left of this line, including Malvern Chase, a deep surface of clay is found in some places; in others a rich loam inclining to sand; sub-stratum supposed to be marl. To the right, till we approach a central point between the west and north, the proportion of clay increases gradually, till at last a strong loam occurs; this again becomes gradually more gravelly till it joins the light sands in the north; below partly marl, partly soft sandy stone, and some limestone is found: in each of these districts is some very rocky land; and in most some loose stony soil, or stone brash, is met with, but no where are there any traces of chalk or flint.

The principal rivers of this county are the Severn, the Avon, the Teme, and the Stour. The Severn, the principal river of this county, and the second in rank after the Thames-whether we regard the length of its course, the majesty of its stream, or the extensive advantages which the commerce of the county derives from it-takes its name from the British word Sabi or Sabrina, which denotes sandy, and allude to the extreme muddiness of its water, which is particularly remarkable after rain, by a phenomenon, almost peculiar to this river, and expressly denominated by the tenants of its banks the Boar, which is merely a swelling of its waters by the inundations of the mountain torrents which it receives in its course through Wales, its source being at Plinlymmon Hill, in Montgomeryshire. The name is derived from the noise, which at a distance this accumulated mass of water, rising many feet perpendicular above the customary level of the stream, makes in its devastating progress; those who happen to be overtaken by it upon its banks are involved in inevitable destruction. Adapting the British name to their own orthography, the Romans latinised the name of this river by giving it a feminine termination, and calling it Sabrina, whence with a trifling alteration, may be easily traced the Severn of the moderns. The name by which the Welsh still designate this river fully expresses their sense of its importance, Ha au Rian, in their language signifying the Queen of Rivers. The Severn, having washed the fortification of the venerable capital of the county of Salop, enters the county of Worcester just above Bewdley, and pursuing a southern course nearly through the centre of the county, receives, at Stourport, the tributary stream of the Stour, and the commerce of the northern and inland counties, poured in by the Staffordshire Canal; and about seven miles lower is joined by the Salwarp: somewhat lower it is augmented by the Beverbourne or Otter River, so called from the multitude of otters which formerly frequented it.

It next washes the walls of the rich and beautiful
city of Worcester, and about one mile lower is
joined by the Teme. From this place, during the
remainder of its course through this county, it re-
ceives no river of importance till it reaches the
southern confines at Tewksbury, where it is joined
by the Avon, which enters this county to the north-
east, near the little village of Salford, winding
through the vale of Evesham to the town from
which it is named; then to the town of Pershore,
and continuing thence a more southerly direction,
The
it finally blends its water with the Severn.
Teme enters this county to the north-west near
Tenbury, and falls into the Severn about one mile
below Worcester. The Stour enters this county
near Stourbridge, passes the town of Kidderminster,
receiving a variety of small rills from Dudley,
Kinver, Wolverly, &c., and empties itself into the
Severn near Stourport. The canals of this county
are, first, the Droitwich, about five miles and a
half long from Droitwich to the Severn, near the
junction of that river with the Salwarp; second, the
Worcester and Birmingham Canal, which com-
mences at the latter town, and after a course of
thirty-one miles and a half falls into the Severn on
the south side of the city of Worcester, at a place
called Diglis; third, Dudley Extension Canal,
joining the Dudley Canal near Netherton, making
a course of ten miles and a half, falls into the Bir-
mingham and Worcester Canal near Selly Oak
without a lock. The Dudley canal runs through
so small a portion of this county as not to merit
any particular account. From the Birmingham
and Worcester Canal a branch strikes off at King's
Norton, and soon after entering the county of
Warwick proceeds to Stratford where it falls into
the Avon. The Staffordshire Canal enters this
county near the village of Kinver, a short distance
to the west of Stourbridge, and, pursuing a course
nearly parallel to the little river Sour, falls into the
Severn at Stourport.

This county is not particularly famous for mines and minerals; and indeed nature has been so propitious to its surface that it is rich enough without searching beneath; and it is generally in more mountainous countries that valuable mines and minerals abound: it is not, however, wholly destitute of mines; brick clay, gravel, sand, and marl, are common, and limestone in the hills and various other parts of the county, and some places burnt for use. Freestone for building is found in various places. Coal is raised at Dudley and in the northwest of the county at Mamble and at Pensax. Quartzum, a siliceous primeval stone, forms the basis of the Malvern Chain; and also the Sickey, north-east of Bromsgrove. Sal commune, common salt; one of the richest sources in the whole world of this domestic article is at Droitwich in this county. And in the vale of Evesham there are quarries of calcareous flagstone. Its vegetable productions are corn, pulse, fine wool, hops, cyder, and perry; and it abounds with fine pastures for

cattle.

Worcestershire sends nine members to parliament; viz. two for the county, two for the city of Worcester, two for Evesham, two for Droitwich, and one for Bewdley.

Samuel Butler, a poet of a very singular cast, was born at Strenham 1612. (Author of the celebrated Hudibras.) Died very pro: 1680.--John Baskerville, an eminent printer and letter-founder,

who first introduced into this country a new and elegant kind of types for fine printing, was born at Wolverly 1706. Died 1775.-John de Feckenham, so called because he was born of poor parents in a cottage near the forest of Feckingham, his right name being Howman. He was the last abbot of Westminster, and died in 1585.-William Habington, an historian and poet. Born 1605. Died 1654.Edward Kelley, a famous necromancer and associate with the noted Dr. Dee. Born at Worcester 1555. Died 1595.-Lord George Lyttelton, an elegant historian, poet, and miscellaneous writer. Born at Hagley 1709. Died 1773.-Cardinal Reginald Pole, an eminent statesman and archbishop of Canterbury in the reign of queen Mary. Born at Stoverton Castle 1500. Died 1558.-Lord John Somers, chancellor of England, a most incorrupt lawyer and honest statesman. Born at Worcester 1652. Died 1716. The manufactures of this county are porcelain, glass, pottery, iron, carpets, gloves, hosiery, stuffs, &c.

WORD, n. s., V. N., & } Sax. pond; Belgic WORD'Y, adj. [v. a. woord; Teut. wort; Gothic, Swedish, and Danish ord. A single part of speech; short discourse; talk; dispute; promise; order; signet; tidings; affirmation; Scripture; a Scripture name of the Lord Jesus Christ: to word is to dispute; to express in words: wordy, verbose; full of words.

They say this church of England neither hath the word purely preached, nor the sacraments sincerely Whitgifte.

ministered.

Why should calamity be full of words?

Let them have scope.

A word, Lucilius,

How he received you.

Shakspeare.

Id.

Id.

Id.

Some words there grew 'twixt Somerset and me. I take your princely word for these redresses. Every person has enough to do to work out his own salvation; which, if we will take the apostle's word, is to be done with fear and trembling. Decay of Piety.

All of them stout and hard people, false of their word, treacherous in their practices, and merciless in their revenges. Heylyn.

He commanded the men to be ranged in battalions, and rid to every squadron, giving them such words as were proper to the occasion.

Thou my Word, begotten Son, by thee This I perform.

Clarendon.

Milton.

Whether his extemporary wording might not be a de

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His father was a worker in brass. 1 King They that work in fine flax. Isaiah All things work together for good to them th God. Romeu Timotheus, my workfellow, and Lucius, salm In having but fortie foot workmanly dight, Take saffron enough for a lord and a knight What time this world's great workmaster did të To make all things, such as we now behold, It seems that he before his eyes had placed A goodly pattern, to whose perfect mould He fashioned them so comely.

Ye fair nymphs, which oftentimes have low The cruel worker of your kindly smarts, Prepare yourselves, and open wide your hearts. The most fine-fingered workwoman on ground, Arachne, by his means was vanquished. Work on,

My medicine, work! thus credulous fools are cal

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Id. Her

Without the king's assent
You wrought to be a legate.
Glory grows guilty of detested crimes,
When for fame's sake

We bend to that the working of the heart. Sh
The quick forge and workinghouse of thought
Id. H

How full of briars is this workingday world! When workmen strive to do better than well They do confound their skill in covetousness. We will fetch thee straight Daphne roaming through a thorny wood, Scratching her legs, that one should swear And at that sight shall sad Apollo weep, So workmanly the blood and tears are drawn. Tell her but a workyday fortune.

He could have told them of two or three guld and a silver mine, and given the reason why the to work them at that time, and when they let working them.

Gravity worketh weakly, both far from the esalso within the earth.

If you would work any man, know his ma fashions, and so lead him.

Try the force of imagination upon staying ing of beer, when the barm is put in.

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To WORK, in the manege. To work a horse is to exercise him at pace, trot, or gallop, and ride him at the manege. To work a horse upon volts, or head and haunches in or between two heels, is to passage him, or make him go sidewise upon parallel lines.

WORK, in sea language, is to direct the movements of a ship, by adapting the sails to the force and direction of the wind. See SEAMANSHIP.

WORKHOUSE is also a place where indigent, vagrant, and idle people, are set to work, and supplied with food and clothing. Workhouses are of two kinds, or at least are employed for two different purposes. Some are used as prisons for vagrants or sturdy beggars, who are there confined and compelled to labor for the benefit of the society which maintains them; whilst others, sometimes called poor-houses, are charitable asylums for such indigent persons, as through age or infirmity are unable to support themselves by their own labor.

WORKSOP, a market-town and parish in Basset-law hundred, Nottinghamshire, twenty miles north of Nottingham, and 142 north-west of London. It consists principally of two streets, and although small, it is a very neat town, lying in a pleasant valley near the source of the river Ryton, and noted for its malt and liquorice. Market on Wednesday.

WORLD, n. s. Sax. poplo; Belgic WORLD'LING, wereld; Swed. werald; WORLD'LY, adj. & adv. Goth. verold. The uniWORLD'LINESS, n. s. verse; the great collective idea of all bodies whatever; the system of beings; the earth; present life; course of things; mankind; a great multitude; manners of men: a worldling is a man devoted to this world; a covetous man: worldly is secular; relating to this life; human as an adverb, with relation to this life: the noun substantive corresponding.

God hath in these last days spoken unto us by his Son, by whom he made the worlds. Heb. 1. 2.

God of the world and worldlings, Great Mammon! greatest god below the sky. Spenser.

This hath bred high terms of separation between such and the rest of the world, whereby the one sort are named the brethren, the godly; the other, worldlings, time-servers, pleasers of men more than of God.

Hooker.

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Pope.

He is divinely bent to meditation; And in no worldly suits should he be moved, To draw him from his holy exercise.

Id.

A. Philips.

Each herb he knew that works or good or ill, More learned than Mesve, half as learned as Hill.

Harte. Flavia is very idle, and yet very fond of fine work: this makes her often sit working in bed until noon.

Law.

WORK, CARPENTERS, CLOCK, CROWN, FIELD, FIRE, FRET, GROTESQUE, HORN, MOSAIC. See these articles; also FORTIFICATION and PYRO

TECHNY.

For his weeping in the needless stream; Poor dear, quoth he, thou makest a testament As worldlings do, giving thy sum of more To that which had too mucn.

'Tis the duke's pleasure, Whose disposition, all the world well knows, Will not be rubbed nor stopped.

Id.

Id.

It is a token of a worldly wise man, not to contend in vain against the nature of times wherein be liveth. Raleigh.

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