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Would'st thou be soon destroyed, and perish whole, Trust Maurus with thy life, and Milbourne with thy Dryden.

soul.

By turns they quit their ground, by turns advance; Victors and vanquished in the various field, Nor wholly overcome, nor wholly yield.

Id. At Tonson they shewed us a great fountain of water, that is in great esteem for its wholesomeness; weighing two ounces in a pound less than the same measure of the lake water. Addison. These are wholesale chapmen to Satan, that do not truck and barter one crime for another, but take the whole herd. Government of the Tongue.

She held it wholesomer by much To rest a little on the couch.

Prior.

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WHOO'BÜB, n. s.

Hubbub. See HUBBUL Had not the old man come in with a whoobub against his daughter, and scared my choughs from the chaff, I had not left a purse in the whole army. Shakspeare. WHOOP, n. s., v. n., & v. a. See Hoop. A shout of pursuit: to shout with malignity: insu with shouts.

Treason and murder ever kept together,
As two yoke devils sworn to either's purpose:
Working so grossly in a natural cause,
That admiration did not whoop at them.
Let them breathe awhile, and then
Cry whoop, and set them on again.

Shakspeare

Hudibres.

Dryden Sax. hon; Belg hoer; Dan. here; Goth. har;

While he trusts me, 'twere so base a part To fawn, and yet betray; I should be hissed And whooped in hell for that ingratitude. WHORE, n. s., v. n., & v. a.) WHORE'DOм, n. s. WHORE MASTER, WHORE MONGer, WHORE'SON, WHOR'ISH, adj.

from hire. A

hired woman; a woman who co

verses unlawfully with men; a strumpet: to have intercourse with prostitutes: corrupt with regard to chastity: whoredom is the state or sin of whores and their paramours: whoremaster and whoremonger, one who keeps or converses with prostitutes whoreson, a bastard: whorish, unchaste. By means of a whorish woman a man is brought to a Proverts piece of bread. What is a whoremaster, fool?-A fool in good cloath, Shakspea and something like thee.

Whoreson, mad compound of majesty, welcome. To put out the word whore, thou dost me wo Throughout my book; troth, put out woman toe.

Ben Jenn

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WHY, adv. WHY NOT.

Cars

Sax. hpi, foɲhpi. For t or which reason? interrogare or relatively whynot Johnson calls a cant wo for violent or peremptory procedure.'

In every sin, men must not consider the unlawi. ness thereof only, but the reason why it should be lawful.

Perk

You have not been a-bed then? Why, no; the day had broke before we parted. Shakspert

If her chill heart I cannot move, Why, I'll enjoy the very love.

I was dispatched for their defence and guard. And listen why, for I will tell you now. Capoched your rabbins of the synod,

Cancer

And snapped their canons with a whynot. Huds

Turn the discourse, I have a reason why I would not have you speak so tenderly.

Dryden.

We examine the why, the what, and the how of things. L'Estrange. WHYMEA ROAD, a road on the south-west coast of the island of Attowai. Captain Vancouver says this bay is much confined in respect to safe anchorage; for, although the Discovery's cables had not been injured by a foul bottom, yet the Chatham, in March 1792, when anchored in thirty fathoms water, at only a convenient distance to the north-west of the Discovery, on a bottom of soft mud, had both her cables much fretted and damaged by the rocks at the bottom.

WHYTT (Robert), M. D., F. R. S., &c., an eminent Scottish physician of the last century, educated at Edinburgh, where he was born in 1714. After studying physic, at St. Andrew's, he went to France for the completion of his education, and graduated in 1736 at Rheims. On his return to Scotland he commenced practice, and rose to be professor of medicine in the university of Edinburgh, president of the College of Physicians, and first physician to the king in Scotland. Dr. Whytt was the author of some able professional tracts, which he collected and published in one quarto volume. His death took place in the spring of 1766.

WICK, R. S. Sax. peoce; Belg. wiecke. The
burning part of a torch or candle.
But true it is, that when the oil is spent
The light goes out, and wick is thrown away. Spenser.
There lives within the very flame of love
A kind of wick or snuff that will abate it. Shakspeare.
Little atoms of oil or melted wax continually ascend
Digby.
apace up the wick of a burning candle.

WICK'ED, adj.
WICK'EDLY, adv.

Dr. Johnson says the etymology is very obscure,

WICKEDNESS, n. s. Sand refers to Sax. picca, an enchanter; pæccan, to oppress; pinian, to curse; piced, crooked, &c. These Skinner rejects for Lat. vitiatus. Mr. Thomson thinks it is a corruption of Sax. ungob, un and god, and cites the Dan. ugud, bad. Given to vice; flagitious; morally bad; baneful; accursed: the derivatives corresponding. The dwelling-place of the wicked shall come to nought.

Job.

The wicked weed which there the fox did lay,
From underneath his head he took away. Spenser.
It is not good that children should know any wicked-
ness; old folks have discretion, and know the world.

Shakspeare.

And as the better spirit when she doth bear
A scorn of death, doth shew she cannot die;
So when the wicked soul death's face doth fear,
Even then she proves her own eternity.

Davies.

I would now send him where they all should see,
Clear as the light, his heart shine; where no man
Could be so wickedly or fondly stupid,

But should cry out, he saw, touched, felt wickedness,
And grasped it.
Ben Jonson.

He of their wicked ways shall them admonish.

That thou mayest the better bring about Thy wishes, thou art wickedly devout.

But, since thy veins paternal virtue fires, Go and succeed! the rivals aims despise ; For never, never wicked man was wise.

Milton.

Dryden.

Pope.

Then quick did dress

His halfe milke up for cheese, and in a presse
Of wicker prest it.

Chapman. A foolish painter drew January sitting in a wicker chair, with four nightcaps on, by the fire; and without doors green trees, as if it had been in the midst of July.

Peacham.

WICK'ET, n.s. Fr. guicket; Welsh wicked;
Belg. wicket. A small gate.

When none yielded, her unruly page
With his rude claws the wicket open rent,
And let her in.

Spenser.

These wickets of the soul are placed on high, Because all sounds do lightly mount aloft. Davies. The chaffering with dissenters, and dodging about this or the other ceremony, is like opening a few wickets, by which no more than one can get in at a time. Swift.

WICKHAM, a village of Hampshire, remarkable for the elegant seats in its vicinity and the beauty of the surrounding scenery. Here was born the celebrated prelate William Wayneflete, bishop of Winchester, and here the learned Dr. Wharton closed the evening of his life.

WICKLIFF (John), was born about 1324, in the parish of Wycliff, near Richmond, in Yorkshire. He was educated at Oxford, first in Queen's and afterwards in Merton College, of which he was a fellow. Having acquired the reputation of a man of great learning and abilities, in 1361 he was chosen master of Baliol Hall, and in 1365 constituted warden of Canterbury College by the founder archbishop Simon de Islip; but was, in 1367, ejected by the regulars, together with three secular fellows. He thought their proceedings arbitrary, and therefore appealed to the pope; but, instead of obtaining redress, in 1370 the ejectment was confirmed. This disappointment doubtless confirmed his enmity to the see of Rome; for he had

long before written against the pope's exactions and corruptions of religion. However his credit in the university continued; for, having taken the degree of D. D., he read public lectures with great applause; in which he frequently exposed the impositions of the mendicant friars. About this time he published a defence of his sovereign Edward III. against the pope, who had insisted on the homage to which his predecessor king John had agreed. This defence was the cause of Wickliff's introduction at court, and of his being sent one of the ambassadors in 1374 to Bruges, where they met the pope's nuncios, to settle several ecclesiastical matters relative to the pope's authority. In the mean time Wickliff was presented by the king to the rectory of Lutterworth in Leicestershire, and in 1375 he obtained a prebend in the church of Westbury in Gloucestershire. Wickliff continued hitherto, without molestation, to oppose the papal authority; but in 1377 a bull was sent over to the archbishop of Canterbury, and to Courtney, bishop of London, ordering them to secure this arch-heritic and lay him in irons; the pope also wrote to the king, requesting him to favor the bishops in the prosecution; he also sent a bull to Oxfor commanding the university to give him up. Before these bulls reached England Edward III. was dead, and Wickliff, protected by John duke of

WICK ER, adj. Dan. wigre, a twig; Swed. Lancaster, uncle to Richard II., favored by the

wicka. Made of small sticks.

Each one a little wicker basket had, Made of fine twigs entrailed curiously, In which they gathered flowers.

Spenser.

queen mother, and supported by the citizens of London, eluded the persecution of pope Gregory IX., who died in 1378. In 1379 this intrepid reformer presented to parliament a severe paper

against the tyranny of Rome, wrote against the papal supremacy and infallibility, and published a book on the Truth of the Scriptures, intended to prepare the way for an English translation of them, in which he made considerable progress. In 1381 he published Sixteen Conclusions, in the first of which he exposed the grand article of transubstantiation. These conclusions being condemned, by the chancellor of Oxford, Wickliff appealed to the king and parliament; but, being deserted by the duke of Lancaster he was obliged to make a confession at Oxford; and by an order from the king was expelled the university. He now retired to his living of Lutterworth, where he finished his translation of the Bible. This version, of which there are several MS. copies in the libraries of the universities, British museum, &c., is a very literal translation of the Latin Vulgate. In 1383 he was suddenly struck with the palsy, a repetition of which put an end to his life in December, 1384. He was buried in his own church, where his bones were suffered to rest in peace till 1428, when, by an order from the pope, they were taken up and burnt. Besides a number of works that have been printed he left a prodigious number of MSS.; an accurate list of which may be seen in bishop Tanner's Bib. Brit. Hib. Some of them are in the Bodleian Library, others in the British Museum, &c.

WICKLOW, a county of Ireland, in the province of Leinster. Its boundaries are, on the north Dublin; on the west Carlow, Kildare, and part of Dublin county; on the south the county of Wexford; and on the east the Irish Sea. Its greatest length is about forty English miles, and greatest breadth twenty; and the superficial contents amount to 311,600 Irish plantation acres. The territorial division of Wicklow consists of the half barony of Rathdown, together with the following baronies:Arklow, Ballynacor, Newcastle, Shililah, Talbotstown Lower and Talbotstown Upper; and the ecclesiastical division comprises forty-eight entire parishes with parts of eight others. About onetenth of the population receive gratuitous education in this county. The surface of this county is wholly encumbered with mountains, many of them lofty, barren, and unprofitable, but many also capable of easy reclamation by drainage only. The range adjacent to Dublin called the Kippune Group would afford excellent pasturage; but the great central district is not so happily formed for agricultural purposes. Mountainous countries generally abound in picturesque scenery, but Wicklow is particularly celebrated for the grandeur and beauty of its glens, lakes, and vales; of these the most conspicuous and attractive are the lakes and valleys of Glendaloch. This vale, noble, extensive, and picturesque, possesses very interesting remains of seven ancient churches, founded by St. Kevin, who is much venerated here; besides a perfect round tower of early and unknown date, with several other curious remnants of antiquity, the occasion of many a romantic and many an agreeable though fabulous tale. The Dargle and Devil's Glen are also scenes of considerable natural beauty and grandeur, though of a very different kind; and the vale of Arklow has attracted the attention of the most elegant of all the Irish bards. The singular beauty of the various glens of this county has occasioned the appropriation of most of its available surface to the accommodation of resident no

bility and gentry, as well as the present gratifying and happy state of improvement to which every small tract has been brought. The lake scenery is peculiarly interesting. Mr. Latouche's demesne Luggelaw is generally preferred by tourists as the most delightful scene of this class, but some other are little inferior. There are twelve pretty lake scattered amongst the mountain glens, some of which 4 are of considerable areas. The mountains in th county range from 1000 to 3000 feet in heigh Lugnaquilla, the loftiest, being 3070 feet above th level of the ocean. Amongst many beautiful re dences in Wicklow, the noble mansions of Kil dery (lord Meath's), Powerscount (visited by in George IV. in 1821), Rusborough (the seat of t Miltown), Charleville (the residence of lord Ra down), and the remarkably beautiful and chas edifice, of modern erection, in the abbey sh called Shelton Abbey (the seat of lord Wickl seem to deserve notice both from their elegan and their magnitude.

The mountain districts, which are entirely granite formation, contain lead ore in abundan which is now raised skilfully at the Seven Ches and at Glenmalure, and also copper ore, which has been raised, to the enrichment of many proprietors formerly, at Conebane and Ballymustagh Allvial gold was found some years ago in a originating in Croghan Kinshela Mountain, but it did not repay the expense of collecting. Ganes are gathered in various places, being found in bedded in the granite; and on the sea-shor found pebbles susceptible of a high polish, krom to the lapidary by the name of Wicklow pee There is little or no manufacture carried on he flannel was formerly the staple, for which a te and good market existed in the town of Rathdru The chief towns are Wicklow (the assize tow Rathdrum, Bray, Enniskerry, Arklow, Newtos | Mountkenedy, Carnew, Blessington, Donard, H lywood, and Baltinglass. The chief rivers are t Ovoca, formed by the Avonmore and Avonbeg Leitrim, the Vartrey, the Bray, the King's R and the Slaney and Liffey, which take their r here. The sea-coast is dangerous of apprac and requires the establishment of an asylum i Bray, at Graystones, or at Wicklow, at any which the formation of a small harbour or per practicable. Wicklow returns two members to t imperial parliament, and gives title of earl to t ancient family of Howard.

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WICKLOW, a town in the county of the sa name, in the kingdom of Ireland. It stands on sea-coast at the mouth of the river Leitrim, was once defended by a fortified rock called Black Castle, enclosed in the year 1375. Th shallowness of the river permits only trade, but a good harbour might be constructe here at a small expense. The promontory Wicklow Head, formidable to the mariner, is in cated at night by two light-houses erected there In this town the assizes are held, besides an races and four fairs. There is a barrack also i company of foot, a county jail and court-house handsome church and glebe-house, and a R Catholic chapel, but no manufacture or impor traffic; the ale of this town was once held in estimation. The O'Tools of Imaly founded a nastery here for Franciscan friars, part of the of which are still remaining. Distance from Da twenty-eight English miles. Lat. 52°7', long, o`

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WIDE, adj. & adv. Sax. pide; Beig. wijd; WIDELY, adv. Goth. wid. Broad; exWIDEN, v. a. & v. n. tended far each way; reWIDE NESS, n s. mote; wandering: at a disWIDTH. tance; with great extent or breadth widely and wideness correspond: to widen is, to make or grow wide; to extend: width is, wideness; breadth.

They found fat pasture, and the land was wide and quiet.

A little wide

There was a holy chapel edified, Wherein the hermit wont to say

1 Chronicles.

His holy things each morn and even tide. Spenser.
So now the gates are ope; now prove good seconds;
'Tis for the followers fortune widens them,
Not for the flyers.

Shakspeare.

Of all these bounds enriched With plenteous rivers, and wide skirted meads, We make thee lady.

Id.

Many of the fathers were far wide from the understanding of this place. Raleigh.

Consider the absurdities of that distinction betwixt the act and the obliquity; and the contrary being so wide from the truth of scripture and the attributes of God, and so noxious to good life, &c. Hammond. With huge two-handed sway

Brandished aloft, the horrid edge came down,
Wide wasting.

Milton.

The rugged hair began to fall away; The sweetness of her eye did only stay, Though not so large; her crooked horns decrease, The wideness of her jaws and nostrils cease.

Dryden.

Let him exercise the freedom of his reason, and his mind will be strengthened; and the light which the remote parts of truth will give to one another will so assist his judgment that he will seldom be widely out.

Locke.

These accidents, when they first happen, seem but small and contemptible, but by degrees they branch out and widen themselves into a numerous train of mischievous consequences. South.

Oft wide of nature must he act a part, Make love in tropes, in bombast break his heart. Tickle. Yet wide was spread their fame in ages past, And poets once had promised they should last. Pope. WID'GEON, n. s. Fr. vingeon. A waterfowl, not unlike a small wild duck.

Amongst the first sort we reckon creysers, curlews, and widgeons. Carew.

WIDOW, n. s. & v. a. Saxon piopa; Belg. WID'OWER, n. s. weduwe; Welsh weddw; WID'OWHOOD, Lat. vidua. A woman WIDOWHUNTER. whose husband is dead to deprive of a husband; endow with widows' rights; deprive of any thing valuable: a widower is a man who has lost his wife: widowhood, the state of a widow or widower: widowhunter, a hunter of widows for their fortunes.

The barren they more miserable make, And from the widow all her comfort take. Sandys. The king, sealing up all thoughts of love under the image of her memory, remained a widower many years Sidney.

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Dries up her tears.

Who has the paternal power whilst the widow queen is with child?

Locke. The widowhunters about town often afford them great diversion. Addison.

WIDOWS' SCHEME, a scheme of raising a perpetual fund for the support of the widows and children of deceased ministers of the church of Scotland, planned and brought to perfection by Dr. Alexander Webster. From an accurate list of the ministers of the church and members of the universities in Scotland, compared with the ratio of births, marriages, and deaths, he fixed on a series of rates to be paid annually by these persons, the amount of which would supply a specific annuity to the widows and children of those who should

become contributors. This scheme he began by a correspondence with all the clergy; and receiving the sanction of the general assembly in 1742, and that of the British parliament in 1748, from which period it began to be acted upon, the scheme was completed and legally enacted by parliament in 1770. And his calculations at that early period were so accurate, and founded on such unerring principles, that the widows' fund, instead of falling short, has increased far beyond the original esti

mate. This excellent scheme has been since followed and imitated by most other incorporate bodies in Edinburgh, Glasgow, and other cities of Scotland.

WIELD, v. a. Sax. pealdan, to manage in the hand. To use with full command.

His looks are full of peaceful majesty, His head by nature framed to wear a crown, His hand to wield a scepter, and himself Likely in time to bless a regal throne. Shakspeare. 'Mongst forest, hills, and floods, was ne'er such heave and shove,

Since Albion wielded arms against the son of Jove.

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WIELICZKA, a town of Austrian Poland, in Galicia, circle of Bochnia, the seat of a salt and a mine office, and remarkable for its large and productive salt mines. They are divided into three parts, and extend not only under the whole town, but to a considerable distance on each side, viz. 700 yards from north to south, and 2000 from east to west. They have ten entrances, and in one of these is a winding staircase of 470 steps. On entering the subterranean regions the stranger is struck with the magnitude and beauty of the vaulted passages; he sees chapels, with altars, cut out of the saline rock, with crucifixes or images, and lamps continually burning before them. Seven miles from Cracow.

WIENERWALD (Forest of Vienna), a large forest of Lower Austria, extending from the Kahlenberg southward beyond Kaumberg. It separates and gives name to the two circles of the Upper and Lower Wienerwald, otherwise called

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Cowley.

Let one whistle at the one end of a trunk, and hold your ear at the other, and the sound shall strike so sharp as you can scarce endure it.

While the plowman near at hand

Whistles o'er the furrowed land.

Bacon.

Milton.

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When simple pride for flattery makes demands, May dunce by dunce be whistled off my hands! Pope. WHISTON (William), was born at Norton, near Twycrosse, in Leicestershire, where his father was rector, in 1667. He was admitted of Clarehall, Cambridge, where he afterwards commenced tutor; but his ill health forced him to decline it. Having entered into orders, he, in 1694, became chaplain to Dr. More, bishop of Norwich; and in this station he published a work, entitled A New Theory of the Earth, &c., in which he undertook to prove the Mosaic doctrine of the earth perfectly agreeable to reason and philosophy. In the beginning of the eighteenth century he was made Sir Isaac Newton's deputy, and afterwards his successor, in the Lucasian professorship of mathematics; when he resigned a living he had in Suffolk, and went to reside at Cambridge. About this time he published several scientifical works, explanatory of the Newtonian philosophy. About 1710 he adopted Arian principles. He was therefore deprived of his professorship, and banished the university. He nevertheless pursued his scheme, by publishing the next year his Primitive Christianity Revived, 4 vols, 8vo, for which the convocation fell upon him very vehemently. On his expulsion from Cambridge, he settled in London; where he continued to write, and to propagate his Primitive Christianity, with as much ardor as if he had been in the most flourishing circumstances. In 1721 a subscription was made for the support of his family, which amounted to £470. For though he drew profits from reading astronomical and philosophical lectures, and also from his publications, which were very numerous, yet these of themselves would have been very insufficient; and he was often in great distress. He continued long a member of the church of England, but at last he went over to the Baptists. He wrote Memoirs of his own Life and

That the rich all honours seize.

It is every whit as honourable to assist a good minister, as to oppose a bad one. Addison.

WHITAKER (William), D. D., born at Holme in Lancashire, and educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, where he graduated, and became regius professor of divinity, and master of St John's College. He wrote some able works against Popery. He died in 1595.

WHITAKER (Rev. John), B. D., was born at Manchester in the year 1735. What school he Oxford, and in due time became a fellow of Corattended appears not be known. He went early to tinguished for acuteness of research, vigor of pus Christi College. In 1771 he published in 4to. his History of Manchester; a work eminently disimagination, independent sentiment, and correct and various information. As it was the first, perhaps also it was the most perfect of all his works, in matter, arrangement, and style. In 1782 he published, in an 8vo. volume, Genuine History of the Britons asserted, which may be considered as a sequel to the history of Manchester. In both works the history of our island is elucidated by the hand of a master. In the latter he particularly refutes Macpherson's Introduction to the History of Great Britain and Ireland, which is disfigured by mistakes and misrepresentations. In 1773 Mr. Whitaker was morning preacher at Berkeley chapel, from which he was removed in the following year. During his residence in the metropolis, he became acquainted with most of the celebrated writers of the time, particularly with Johnson and Gibbon. By the latter the manuscript of the first volume of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire was submitted to Mr. Whitaker's perusal. The manuscript did not contain the chapter which gave such just offence to the Christian world. The historian it seems did not dare to expose it to his censure. The fact is curious and important. Mr. Whitaker was about this time offered a living by a Unitarian patron, with the view of influencing his principles. He was without preferment, but he spurned the temptation, and pitied the seducer. În 1778 he succeeded in right of his fellowship to the rectory of Ruan Langholme, in Cornwall, one of the most valuable livings in the gift of his college; and thither he went immediately to reside. In 1783 he published Sermons upon Death, Judgment, Heaven, and Hell. He published also, in a large 8vo., the Origin of Arianism, a controversial work of great erudition and powerful argument. The Real Origin of Government (a treatise expanded from a sermon preached at the primary visitation of bishop Butler), and the Introduction to Flindell's Bible, are his only other works in the line of his profession, of which at least we have heard. In 1787 he published, in 3 vols. 8vo., Mary Queen of Scots; and seems to have carried on his antiquarian re

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