him rector of Chartham, and vicar of Minster, in Kent. He wrote, 1. A Treatise on the Celibacy of the Romish Clergy. 2. Errors in Burnet's History of the Reformation. 3. Defence of Pluralities; 8vo. 4. Historia de Episcopis et Decanis Londinensibus, necnon Assavensibus; 8vo. Anglia Sacra, sive Collectio Historiarum, &c. 2 vols. folio. And, 6. A volume of Sermons. He died in 1695. 5. WHARTON (Philip), duke of, a witty and dissipated nobleman, was born in the end of the seventeenth century. In 1716 he went abroad, and, in the course of his travels, paid his respects to the consort of James II. and her son. He returned in the same year, and, though under age, he took his seat in the Irish house of peers, and immediately distinguished himself as a violent partizan for the ministry; in consequence of which zeal the king created him a duke. He no sooner came of age than he was introduced to the house of lords in England with a blaze of reputation. In a little time he opposed the court, and appeared one of the most vigorous in defence of the bishop of Rochester, and soon after printed his thoughts twice a-week, in a paper called the True Briton, several thousands of which were dispersed weekly. But his boundless profusion soon rendered it necessary for him to leave his country; and the remainder of his life consisted of a series of traitorous intrigues with foreign courts, conducted during a course of extravagant dissipation. He died about 1731, in the utmost wretchedness and poverty, at a convent in Catalonia. His Life and Writings were published in 2 vols. 8vo. WHAT, pron. WHAT'EVER, WHAT'SO, WHATSOEVER. discontinued. Sax. hpæt; Belg. wat. That which; which part; pronoun indefinite; used also adverbially for partly whatso is What art thou, : That here in desart hast thy habitance? Spenser. The enemy having his country wasted, what by himself, and what by the soldiers, findeth succour in no place. Whatsoever our liturgy hath more than theirs, they cut it off. Id. Hooker. The year before, he had so used the matter, that what by force, what by policy, he had taken from the Christians above thirty small castles. Knolles. What! canst thou not forbear me half an hour? Then get thee gone, and dig my grave thyself. Shaksp. To forfeit all your goods, lands, tenements, Castles, and whatsoever, and to be Out of the king's protection. Id. Id. I tell thee what, corporal, I could tear her. See what natures accompany what colours; for by that you shall induce colours by producing those na tures. Bacon. Let them say what they will, she will do what she list. Drayton. Whatsoever is first in the invention, is last in the exHammond. ecution. Milton. If thence he 'scape into whatever world. Kettleworth. I desire nothing, I press nothing upon you, but to make the most of human life, and to aspire after perfection in whatever state of life you chuse. WHEAL, n. s. See WEAL. A pustule; a small swelling filled with matter. The humour cannot transpire, whereupon it corrupts, Wiseman. and raises little wheals or blisters. WHEARE (Degory), born at Jacobstow, in Cornwall, in 1573, and educated at Exeter College, Oxford. He became Camden's professor of history, and principal of Gloucester Hall. He published De Ratione et Methodo Legendi Historias Dissertatio; 1625 and 1637. It was translated into English by Edmund Bohun. Wheare died There is a project on foot for transporting our best wheaten straw to Dunstable, and obliging us by law to take off yearly so many tun of the straw hats. Swift. WHEAT, in botany. See TRITICUM. The three principal kinds of bad wheat are, the blighted, the smutty, and the worm-eaten. WHEAT, BLIGHTED, is that of which the stalk is a little twisted and ricketty, the blade being of a bluish green and curled up; the grain also is green and tubercled. WHEAT, BUCK. See POLYGONUM, and RURAL ECONOMY. WHEAT, WORM-EATEN, or rotten wheat, is corrupted without losing much of its natural form or external appearance; the husk is filled with a greasy black powder, that is insufferably fetid. It appeared, from the experiments of M. Tillet, that there was a kind of infectious quality in all the bad kinds of wheat; so that if sound wheat was sprinkled with the flour of smutty or rotten wheat, the crop produced would be rotten or smutty. It appeared, also, that among the grain which was produced from ground manured with the straw of distempered wheat, there was a much greater proportion of distempered wheat than in that produced from ground manured with the straw of good wheat the great secret then was to destroy the principle of this contagion in the wheat that was put into the ground; and M. Tillet found, as the result of a great number of experiments, that if the grain, before it is sowed, be well moistened with a solution of sea-salt, or nitre, in common water, : none of the ensuing crop will be smutty, or otherwise defective, either in kind or quality; not only supposing the grain that is sowed to be sound, and the soil to be good, but even supposing the grain to be strewed with the flour of smutty wheat, and the ground manured with bad straw. WHEAT EAR, n. s. Lat. ocuanthe. A small bird, very delicate. What cook would lose her time in picking larks, wheatears, and other small birds? Swift. WHEATLEY (Charles), born in London in 1686, and educated at St. John's College, Oxford, of which he became fellow. He was chosen lecturer of St. Mildred, London, and appointed vicar of Brent and Furneaux-Pelham. He published, 1. A rational Illustration of the Book of Common Prayer; folio and 8vo.; 2. Historical Vindication of the eighty-fifth canon: 3. Answer to Hoadley on the Sacrament: 4. Private devotions at the Communion: 5. Sermons at Lady Moyer's Lecture; 8vo. He died at Furneaux in 1742; after which his Miscellaneous Sermons were published in 3 vols. 8vo. WHEE'DLE, v. a. Of this word I can find no etymology.-Johnson. Locke seems to think it a cant word. Goth. knedla, quedla.-Thomson. To entice by soft words; flatter; persuade. His bus'ness was to pump and wheedle, His sire Hudibras. From Mars's forge sent to Minerva's schools, Johnny wheedled, threatened, fawned, Locke. Swift. Saxon hpeol; Belg. wiel; Isl. hivel; Swed. hiul; Goth, huel. An instrument turning on its axis; the instrument of spinning; revolution; rotation; an instrument of horrid torture: to wheel is, to revolve on an axis; turn; fetch a compass: to put into rotatory motion: a wheelbarrow, a barrow moving on one wheel: wheeler, and wheelwright, are both names for the maker of wheels, or wheel carriages: wheely is circular; rotatory. Continually wheeling about, he kept them in so strait, that no man could, without great danger, go to water his horse. Spies Knolles. Held me in chace, that I was forced to wheel Let go thy hold when a great wheel runs down a hill, lest it break thy neck with following it. Shaksp. Let them pull all about mine ears, present me Death on the wheel, or at wild horses' heels. Id. Look not too long upon these turning wheels of vicissitude, lest we become giddy. Bacon. Dryden Some watches are made with four wheels. Locke, It is a tough wood, and all heart, being good for the wheelwrights. Mortimer. Hinds exercise the pointed steel On the hard rock, and give a wheely form To the expected grinder. Philips King Pippins did in wheelbarrows abound. His examination is like that which is made by the rack and wheel. Addison. WHEEL, in mechanics, is a simple machine, consisting of a round piece of wood, metal, or other matter, which revolves on its axis. See MECHANICS, CLOCK, and WATCH. WHEEL is also the name of a barbarous kind of punishment to which great criminals are put i divers countries. In some, assassins, parricides, and robbers on the highway, are condemned to the wheel, when they are to have their bones first broke with an iron bar on a scaffold, and then to be eposed, and left to expire on a wheel. In Germany they break their bones on the wheel itself.-Tus cruel punishment was first used in Germany, and appointed it to be inflicted on robbers. was rarely practised any where else, till Francis L. WHEEL, PERSIAN. See HYDROSTATICS. WHEELER (Sir George), a learned traveller and divine, was the son of colonel Wheeler of Charing in Kent, and was born in 1650 at Breda where his parents, as royalists, were then in enie. He travelled through various parts of Greece and the East, in company with Dr. James Spon of i Lyons; and, taking orders on his return, was in stalled a prebend of Durham, made vicar of be singstokes, and afterward rector of Houghton le Spring. He published an account of his Travels in 1682, in folio; and in 1689 his Observations Ancient Edifices, or Churches yet remaining in the east, compared with Eusebius; also the Protestant Monastery, or Christian Economics. He died in 1724. WHEEZE, v. n. Sax. hpeoron. To breathe with noise. The fawning dog runs mad; the wheezing swine Philipt. His face is all bubuckles, and whelks, and knobs, and Grievous mischiefs which a wicked fay Spenser. So the sad offence deserves, After local names, the most have been derived from occupations, as Potter, Smith, Brasier, Wheeler, Plunged in the deep for ever let me lie, Wright. Camden. Carnality within raises all the combustions without: this is the great wheel to which the clock owes its motion. Decay of Piety. He throws his flight in many an airy wheel. Milton, Heaven rowled WHELPS, in a ship, the seaman's term for those brackets which are set up on the capstan close under the bars; they give the sweep to it, and are so contrived that the cable winding about them may not surge so much as it might otherwise do if the body of the capstan were quite round and smooth. WHEN, adv. Sax. hpænne; Goth. whan; WHENEVER, Belg. wan; Teut. wann. At WHEN'SOEVER. the time that; at what or which time; used interrogatively: when as,' is at the time when: whenever and whensoever is at whatsoever Id. Paradise Lost. O welcome hour whenever! Why delays His hand to execute? Locke. place: wherein, in which or what: whereinto, into which whereness, ubiety; locality: whereof, of which or of what: whereon, on which: whereso and wheresoever, in what place soever whereto and whereunto, to which or what: whereupon, upon which wherewith and wherewithal, with which or what. They say, wherein have we wearied him? Malachi. If the salt hath lost its savour, wherewith shall it be salted? Matthew. This he thought would be the fittest resting place, till we might go further from his mother's fury; whereat he was no less angry, and ashamed, than desirous to obey Zelmane. Sidney. But even that, you must confess, you have received of her, and so are rather gratefully to thank her, than to press any further, till you bring something of your own, whereby to claim it.' Id. He shall find no where safe to hide himself. Spenser. Which to avenge on him they dearly vowed, Wherever that on ground they mought him find. That short revenge the man may overtake, Whereso he be, and soon upon him light. Id. Id. As for those things wherewith superstition worketh, polluted they are. Hooker. She bringeth forth no kind of creature whereto she is ld. wanting in that which is needful. God doth in publick prayer respect the solemnity of places, where his name should be called on amongst his people. Id. Nature would not suffer him to think otherwise, how thiness of the subject from which they proceed, and the The greatness of all actions is measured by the woror whensoever he is brought to reflection. That which he delights in must be happy, But when? or where? WHENCE, adv. Į Addison. Formed from where, by WHENCE SOEVER. the same analogy with hence from here. From what place? source? person? cause? from which premises; from what place or person indifferently: from whence' and of whence' are barbarisms often used: whencesoever is from what place or cause soever. From whence he views, with his black-lidded eye, Whatso the heaven in his wide vault contains. Spenser. Whence and what art thou, execrable shape? Any idea, whencesoever we have it, contains in it all the properties it has. Whence comes this unsought honour unto me? Whence does this mighty condescension flow? Id. Fent. Saxon hpon; Belg. waer; Goth. huar. At which place or places; at what place? at the place in which; any where' is any place: it is also used both pronominally, as in 'whereof,' of which; and as a noun in no where': whereabout is, near where; on Id. object whereabout they are conversant. Prevent those evils whereby the hearts of men are lost. Id. Shakspeare. Bid them farewell, Cordelia, though unkind; Ay, Sir, and wherefore; for, they say, every why hath a wherefore. When ever yet was your appeal denied? Wherein have you been galled by the king? Where's the palace whereinto foul things Sometimes intrude not? Poor naked wretches, wheresoe'er you are, That bide the pelting of this pitiless storm, How shall your houseless heads defend you From seasons such as these? In regard of the troubles wherewith this king was distressed in England, this army was not of sufficient strength to make an entire conquest of Ireland. Davies. The townsmen mutinied, and sent to Essex; whereClarendon. he came thither. upon Where were ye, nymphs, when the remorseless deep Closed o'er the head of your loved Lycidas? Milton. Whereat I waked, and found Before mine eyes all real, as the dream Had lively shadowed. O wherefore was my birth from heaven foretold Twice by an angel? concerning which: whereas, when or but; the contrary; which place (obsolete); the thing being so that: whereat, at which: whereby, by which: wherever, at whatsoever He assisted at four hundred bowls of punch, not to mention sips, drams, and whets. Spectator. right line to the objects, we can hear in the dark, immured, and by curve lines. Holder. The climate above thirty degrees, may pass for the Hesperides of our age, whatever or where-ever the other Temple. 'Tis not very probable that I should succeed in such a project, whereof have not had the least hit from Dryden. any of my predecessors, the poets. was. This delight they take in doing of mischief, whereby I mean the pleasure they take to put any thing in pain that is capable of it, is no other than a foreign and introduced disposition. Locke. A point hath no dimensions, but only a whereness, and is next to nothing. Grew. Are not those found to be the greatest zealots who are most notoriously ignorant? whereas true zeal should Sprat. always begin with true knowledge. Those subterraneous waters were universal, as a dissolution of the exterior earth could not be made any where but it would fall into waters. Burnet. The prince could save from such a number of spoilers wherewithal to carry on his wars abroad. Davenant. Wherever he hath receded from the Mosaick account of the earth, he hath receded from nature and matter of fact. Woodward. The frequency, warmth, and affection, wherewith they are proposed. Rogers. He cannot but love virtue, wherever it is. Atterbury. Ah! where was Eloise? Pope. Whereas at first we had only three of these principles, their number is already swollen to five. There are times wherein a man ought to be cautious Swift. as well as innocent. WHER'RY, n. s. Goth. reerie, is A light boat used on rivers. And in his oaken cup doth float As safe as in a wcherry. Safe within my little wherry, All their madness makes me merry. WHET, v. u. & n. s. a Baker. light boat. Drayton. Swift. Sax. hpettan; Gothic huetia; Swedish huettia. To sharpen by attrition; to edge: hence to provoke; make angry: a whet is the act of sharpening; any thing that sharpens, as a dram the appetite, &c.: a whetstone is a stone for whetting: whetter, he who whets. They use their affection as a whetstone both to wit and memory. Hooker. He favoured the Christian merchants; and the more to whet him forwards, the bassa had cunningly insinuated into his acquaintance one Mulearabe. Knolles. Fool, thou whett'st a knife to kill thyself. Shaks. Id. I will whet on the king. it sharpens those that do. Shakspeare Illustrated. WHETHER, adv. & pron.. Sax. hpæðer. A particle expressing one part of a disjunctive question in opposition to the other; answered by or: which of the two? Whether of them twain did the will of his father? Matthew xxi. As they, so have we likewise a public form, how to serve God both morning and evening, whether sermons may be had or no. Hooker. Shakspeare. Resolve whether you will or no. Perkin's three counsellors registered themselves sanctuary-men; and whether upon pardon obtained, or continuance within the privilege, they were not proBacon ceeded with. It has been the question of some curious wits whether in the world there are more heads or feet? Holyday. Whether by health or sickness, life or death, mercy is still contriving and carrying on the spiritual good of all who love God. South. Let them take uhether they will: if they deduce all animals from single pairs, even to make the second of a pair is to write after a copy. Bentley. The WHETSTONE, in the old system of mineralogy, was ranked as a genus of vitrescent stones, consisting of fragments of an indeterminate figure, subopaque, and granulated. There were several species, some consisting of rougher, and others of smoother, or even of altogether impalpable particles, and used not only for whet-stones, but also for mill-stones, and other such purposes. It was called cos by the Greeks. Another species was the cos turcica, or turkey-stone, a species of stones of the garnet kind, belonging to the siliceous class. It is of a dull white, and often of an unequal color, some parts appearing more compact than others. Its specific gravity is 2-598; it strikes fire with steel, and effervesces with acids. Mr. Kirwan found that 100 parts of it contained 25 of mild calcareous earth, and no iron. Cronstedt is of opinion that there are probably two sorts of stones known by this name, as that described by Wallerius neither gives fire with steel nor effervesces with acids. It is used as a whetstone; and those of the finest grain are the best hones for the most delicate cutting tools, razors, lancets, &c. See MINERALOGY, TURKOIS, and TURQUOISE. WHEY, n. s. Sax. hpoz; Belgic hui, wey. WHEY EY, adj.The thin or serous part of milk: WHEY ISH. Spartaking of, or resembling whey. Such wheyish liquors, oft with cholick pangs He'll roar. Bacon. Philips. WHICH, pron. Y Sax. hpile; Dutch welk; WHICHSOEVER. Teut, welch; Goth. huilk. Who genitive is when, and it was formerly much used like; the pronoun relative; relating to things; the for who whichsoever is, whether one or the other. Which of you convinceth me of sin? John. Do they not blaspheme that worthy name by the which ye are called? James ii. 7. The apostles term it the pledge of our heavenly inheritance, sometimes the handsel or earnest of that which is to come. Every one hears that, Which can distinguish sound. Hooker. Shakspeare. What is the night? -Almost at odds with morning, which is which. Id. In destructions by deluge, the remnant which hap to be reserved are ignorant. Of man's first disobedience, and the fruit Of that forbidden tree, whose mortal taste. Two fair twins, Bacon. Milton. Whichsoever of these he takes, and how often soever he doubles it, he finds that he is not one jot nearer the end of such addition than at first setting out. Locke. To which their want of judging abilities, add also their want of opportunity to apply to such consideration as may let them into the true goodness and evil of things, which are qualities which seldom display themSouth. selves to the first view. The puzzled strangers which is which enquire. Tickel. WHICHCOT (Benjamin), D. D., born in Shropshire in 1609, and educated at King's College, Cambridge, of which he became fellow, and at length provost, when he raised its funds to the most flourishing state by his economy. But in spite of his merits, having written Complimentary verses on Oliver Cromwell, he was, by order of Charles II., displaced from his provostship in 1661. But in 1662 he was chosen minister of St. Anne's Blackfriars. In 1668 he was made by the king vicar of St. Lawrence Jury, and preached for seven years before the court of aldermen at Guildhall. He died in 1668, and his funeral sermon was preached by archbishop Tillotson. The first volume of his Select Sermons was published by the earl of Shaftesbury in 1698; the three next by Dr. Jeffrey, and the fifth by Dr. S. Clarke. WHIDAH, a county of Western Africa, and, till within the last half century, an independent kingdom; the most fertile and improved of any on the African coast. Its sea-shore indeed did not extend above nine or ten leagues, and its breadth inland was not quite so great; but being every where covered with towns and villages, and cultivated like a garden, it contained a considerable population, and some magnificent forests. These woods indeed became so many groves by the cultivated fields with which they were every where intersected, and in which were raised two or even three crops of rice, millet, maize, yams, and potatoes. The people in their manners exhibited nothing of the usual negro rudeness, but were mild, tame, and comparatively polished. Snake worship, however, one of the most degrading of superstitions, formed the leading feature of Whidan observance. The temple of the great snake formed the ornament of the capital, and was propitiated by lavish gifts, sometimes even by human, sacrifices. Every town of any consequence had a similar temple on a smaller scale. Their mild and placable character, and their habits of industry, caused them to be much sought after as slaves. The English, Dutch, and Portuguese, established factories at Griwhee, or Whidah, which formed the principal sea-port, though the residence of the sovereign was at Xavier, or Sabi. This prosperous state of Whidah was entirely subverted in 1727 by the invasion of Guadja Trudo, the fierce and warlike sovereign of Dahomey, and the body of the nation was reduced to slavery. A considerable proportion of the Whidahs, however, escaped into the neighbouring country of Popo, whither their enemies were unable to pursue them, and in this retreat they have ever since retained their name and existence as a nation; but all their attempts have Nothing is more familiar than for a whiffing fop, that has not one grain of the sense of a man of honour, to play the hero. L'Estrange. Our fine young ladies retain in their service a great number of supernumerary and insignificant fellows, which they use like whifflers, and commonly call shoeing-horns. Spectator. S WHIG, n. s. Sax. hpog. Whey; the WHIG'GISH, adj. name of a celebrated English WHIG'GISM, n. s. political party. See the extract from Burnet: the adjective and noun substantive correspond. The marquis of Argyle and his party came and headed them, they being about six thousand. This was called the wiggamors' inroad; and, ever after that, all that opposed the court came in contempt to be called whigs and from Scotland the word was brought into England, where it is now one of our unhappy terms of disunion. Burnet. WHIG is not whey, but the slightly acidulated serum of butter-milk; and, this being the most insignificant part of the milk, the name was applied in contempt by the Tories, or the supporters of unlimited absolute power and indefeasible hereditary right in the monarch, to all their political opponents who stood up for the rights of the people, in opposition to despotism. WHILE, n. s., adv., & Sax. hpile; Irish huila. Time; space of time: while, adverb, whiles, and whilst, mean, during the time that; at the same time that: to while is to loiter : whilere, a little time or while ago: whilom, formerly; once. Whiles by the experiment of this ministration they glorify God, for your professed subjection unto the gospel. 2 Corinthians, ix. If my beauty be any thing, then let it obtain this much of you, that you will remain some while in this company, to ease your own travel, and our solitariness, Sidney. |